Bakteriyel Biyofilm Oluşumunu Kontrol Eden Parametreler ve Moleküler Düzeyde Engelleyici Stratejiler

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 83 - 90, 30.09.2024

Kübra Yeşilkaya Gökçe Merey

Öz

Bakteriyel biyofilm oluşumu, bakterilerin yüzeylere bağlanarak ve kendilerini ekstraselüler matrikse gömerek oluşturdukları karmaşık ve dinamik bir süreçtir. Biyofilm tabakaları, sağlık, gıda, endüstri ve çevre alanlarında ciddi problemlere neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, biyofilm oluşumunu kontrol etmek için etkin parametrelerin belirlenmesi önemli bir araştırma alanıdır.
Hem çevresel hem bakteriye özgü faktörler biyofilm oluşumunu kontrol etmektedir. Çevresel faktörler arasında bakterinin yerleştiği yüzeyin özellikleri (pürüz, hidrofobik karakter, yüzey yükü vb.), pH, sıvı akış hızı, besin konsantrasyonu ve oksijen seviyesi sayılabilir. Örneğin, besinlerin yüksek konsantrasyonu, düşük akış hızları ve yüzeyin hidrofobik olması biyofilm oluşumunu teşvik edebilirken, düşük besin konsantrasyonları, yüksek akış hızları ve yüzeyin hidrofilik karakteri biyofilm oluşumunu azaltmaktadır. Bakteriye özgü faktörler ise genetik faktörler, bakterinin hareketliliği (motilite) ve çoğunluk algılama (quorum sensing) özellikleridir; bu özellikler bakterilere özgü bir ikincil haberci olan halkalı dimerik guanozin monofosfat (c-di-GMP) başta olmak üzere çeşitli ikincil haberciler tarafından kontrol edilmektedir.
Bakterilerin davranışlarını ve biyofilm oluşturma kapasitelerini moleküler düzeyde anlamak, biyofilm oluşumunu ve dolayısıyla bakteriyel enfeksiyonları engellemek için gerekli bir stratejidir. Özellikle c-di-GMP ile etkileşebilecek moleküllerin sentezi ve kullanımı üzerine pek çok çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışma, biyofilm oluşumunu kontrol eden parametrelerin tamamını kapsamakla birlikte özellikle c-di-GMP’nin kontrol ettiği bakteriyel özellikleri mercek altına alarak c-di-GMP ile etkileşim üzerinden biyofilm oluşumunu engelleme stratejileri üzerinde duracaktır.
Sonuç olarak, bakteriyel biyofilm oluşumunu kontrol etmek için etkin parametrelerin belirlenmesi, çeşitli endüstriyel, tıbbi ve çevresel uygulamalarda önemli bir araştırma alanını oluşturur. Bu parametrelerin anlaşılması, biyofilm oluşumunu kontrol etmek için daha etkili stratejilerin geliştirilmesine olanak tanır ve bu da çeşitli uygulama alanlarında önemli faydalar sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyofilm, c-di-GMP, çoğunluk algılama

Destekleyen Kurum

Marmara Üniversitesi BAPKO

Proje Numarası

TYL-2023-11089

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Marmara Üniversitesi BAPKO tarafından TYL-2023-11089 sayılı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Parameters Controlling Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Inhibitory Strategies at Molecular Level

Öz

Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex and dynamic process in which bacteria attach to surfaces and embed themselves in the extracellular matrix. Biofilm layers cause serious problems in health and food sector and the environment. Therefore, determining effective parameters to control biofilm formation is an important area of research.
Both environmental and bacteria-specific factors control biofilm formation. Environmental factors include the characteristics of the surface on which the bacteria settle (roughness, hydrophobic character, surface charge, etc.), pH, liquid flow rate, nutrient concentration and oxygen level. For instance, high concentration of nutrients, low flow rates and hydrophobicity of the surface may promote biofilm formation, while low nutrient concentrations, high flow rates and hydrophilic character of the surface reduce biofilm formation. Bacteria-specific factors are genetic factors, motility and quorum sensing properties of the bacteria; these properties are controlled by various secondary messengers, especially cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), which is specific to bacteria.
Understanding the behavior of bacteria and their biofilm-forming capacity at the molecular level is a necessary strategy to prevent biofilm formation and thus bacterial infections. There are several studies on the synthesis and use of molecules that interact with c-di-GMP. Although this study covers all the parameters that control biofilm formation, it will focus on strategies to prevent biofilm formation through interaction with c-di-GMP.
Consequently, determining effective parameters to control bacterial biofilm formation constitutes an important area of research in various industrial, medical and environmental applications. Understanding these parameters allows the development of more effective strategies to control biofilm formation, which can provide significant benefits in various application areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biofilm, c-di-GMP, quorum sensing

Proje Numarası

TYL-2023-11089

Kaynakça

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