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Bitcoin as an Alternative Investment Instrument: Is a Superior Risk-Return Efficiency Achievable in International Stock Portfolios?

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 102 - 119, 30.12.2021

Abstract

Bitcoin, which was first coined by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009 based on block chain technology, is today considered an investment tool rather than a medium of exchange. It is possible that the crypto assets, which has attracted mainly individual investors to date, will also be adopted by institutional investors in the coming period. In this context, one of the most important issues for institutional investors is the potential contribution of crypto assets to the risk-return efficiency of existing financial asset portfolios. This study aims to reveal the conditional correlation relationships of Bitcoin with developed and emerging stock markets, and to investigate the effect on the risk-return efficiency of stock portfolios when Bitcoin is added to a well-diversified international stock portfolio. As a result of the research, it is expected to reveal whether Bitcoin can be used as a financial investment asset, whether it offers diversification opportunities for international investors and its effect on the risk-return efficiency of international stock portfolios. The conditional correlations of G7 and BRICS+T countries' stock indices and Bitcoin prices are calculated using the BEKK-MGARCH method, and the effect of Bitcoin on the risk-return efficiency of stock portfolios is revealed by using mean-variance optimization. As a result, Bitcoin's low correlation relationship with stock markets provides an important diversification advantage. Portfolios containing Bitcoin have clearly been shown to have superior risk-return profile for international investors.

References

  • Baur, D. G., Dimpfl, T., and Kuck, K. (2018). Bitcoin, gold and the US dollar – A replication and extension. Finance Research Letters, 25, 103–110.
  • Bedi, P., and Nashier, T. (2020). On the investment credentials of Bitcoin: A cross-currency perspective. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101087.
  • Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307–327.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2009). M-GARCH modellerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 126-145.
  • Brauneis, A., and Mestel, R. (2018). Price discovery of cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and beyond. Economics Letters, 165, 58–61.
  • Corbet, S., Larkin, C. J., Lucey, B. M., Meegan, A., and Yarovaya, L. (2018). The Volatility Generating Effects of Macroeconomic News on Cryptocurrency Returns. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Corbet, S., Meegan, A., Larkin, C., Lucey, B., and Yarovaya, L. (2018). Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets. Economics Letters, 165, 28–34.
  • Dyhrberg, A. H., Foley, S., and Svec, J. (2018). How investible is Bitcoin? Analysing the liquidity and transaction costs of Bitcoin markets. Economics Letters, 171, 140–143.
  • Gil-Alana, L. A., Abakah, E. J. A., and Rojo, M. F. R. (2020). Cryptocurrencies and stock market indices. Are they related? Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101063.
  • Grinberg, R. (2012) Bitcoin: An innovative alternative digital currency. Hastings Science and Technology Law Journal, 4(1), 159-207.
  • Lee Kuo Chuen, D. (Ed.) (2015). Handbook of Digital Currency. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Li, J.-P., Naqvi, B., Rizvi, S. K. A., and Chang, H.-L. (2021). Bitcoin: The biggest financial innovation of fourth industrial revolution and a portfolio's efficiency booster. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120383.
  • Liu, Y. and A. Tsyvinski (2018). Risks and Returns of Cryptocurrency. Global Business Issues eJournal.
  • Qin, M., Su, C.-W., and Tao, R. (2021). BitCoin: A new basket for eggs? Economic Modelling, 94, 896–907.
  • S&P Dow Jones. (2021). Dow Jones Global Indices Methodology. Retrieved from: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-dj-global-indices.pdf
  • Shahzad, S. J. H., Bouri, E., Roubaud, D., Kristoufek, L., and Lucey, B. (2019). Is Bitcoin a better safe-haven investment than gold and commodities? International Review of Financial Analysis, 63, 322–330.
  • Shen, D., Urquhart, A., and Wang, P. (2019). Does twitter predict Bitcoin? Economics Letters, 174, 118–122.
  • Silvennoinen, A., and Terȁsvirta, T. (2008). Multivariate GARCH Models. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, No. 669. Retrieved from: http://swopec.hhs.se/hastef/papers/hastef0669.pdf
  • White, R., Marinakis, Y., Islam, N., and Walsh, S. (2020). Is Bitcoin a currency, a technology-based product, or something else? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119877.
  • Yermack, D. (2015). Chapter 2 - Is Bitcoin a Real Currency? An Economic Appraisal. In D. Lee Kuo Chuen (Ed.), Handbook of Digital Currency (pp. 31–43). San Diego: Academic Press.

Alternatif Bir Yatırım Aracı Olarak Bitcoin: Uluslararası Hisse Senedi Portföylerinde Daha Üstün Bir Risk-Getiri Etkinliği Mümkün Mü?

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 102 - 119, 30.12.2021

Abstract

Satoshi Nakamoto tarafından 2009 yılında blok zincir teknolojisine dayanılarak geliştirilen Bitcoin, bugün bir mübadele aracından daha ziyade bir yatırım enstrümanı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Günümüzde ağırlıklı olarak bireysel yatırımcı tarafından ilgi gören kripto varlıkların önümüzdeki dönemde kurumsal yatırımcılar tarafından da benimsenmesi ihtimal dahilindedir. Kurumsal yatırımcılar açısından en önemli konulardan birisi, kripto varlıkların mevcut finansal varlık portföylerinin risk-getiri etkinliğine olan potansiyel katkısıdır. Bu çalışma Bitcoin’in gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan hisse senetleri piyasalarıyla olan koşullu korelasyon ilişkilerini ortaya koymayı ve Bitcoin'in iyi çeşitlendirilmiş uluslararası hisse senedi portföylerine eklenmesi durumunda, portföylerin risk-getiri etkinliği üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, Bitcoin’in finansal bir yatırım aracı olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı, uluslararası yatırımcılar açısından çeşitlendirme fırsatı sunup sunmadığı ve uluslararası hisse senedi portföylerinin risk-getiri etkinliğine olan potansiyel katkısının ortaya konması beklenmektedir. G7 ve BRICS+T ülkelerinin hisse senedi endeksleriyle Bitcoin fiyatlarının koşullu korelasyonları BEKK-MGARCH yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve ortalama-varyans optimizasyonuyla Bitcoin’in hisse senedi portföylerinin risk-getiri etkinliği üzerindeki etkisi gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Bitcoin’in hisse senedi piyasalarıyla düşük düzeyli korelasyon ilişkisi göstermesi önemli bir çeşitlendirme avantajı sağlamaktadır. Bitcoin içeren portföylerin uluslararası yatırımcılar açısından açık bir şekilde daha üstün risk-getiri etkinliğine sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Baur, D. G., Dimpfl, T., and Kuck, K. (2018). Bitcoin, gold and the US dollar – A replication and extension. Finance Research Letters, 25, 103–110.
  • Bedi, P., and Nashier, T. (2020). On the investment credentials of Bitcoin: A cross-currency perspective. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101087.
  • Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307–327.
  • Bozkurt, H. (2009). M-GARCH modellerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 126-145.
  • Brauneis, A., and Mestel, R. (2018). Price discovery of cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin and beyond. Economics Letters, 165, 58–61.
  • Corbet, S., Larkin, C. J., Lucey, B. M., Meegan, A., and Yarovaya, L. (2018). The Volatility Generating Effects of Macroeconomic News on Cryptocurrency Returns. SSRN Electronic Journal.
  • Corbet, S., Meegan, A., Larkin, C., Lucey, B., and Yarovaya, L. (2018). Exploring the dynamic relationships between cryptocurrencies and other financial assets. Economics Letters, 165, 28–34.
  • Dyhrberg, A. H., Foley, S., and Svec, J. (2018). How investible is Bitcoin? Analysing the liquidity and transaction costs of Bitcoin markets. Economics Letters, 171, 140–143.
  • Gil-Alana, L. A., Abakah, E. J. A., and Rojo, M. F. R. (2020). Cryptocurrencies and stock market indices. Are they related? Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101063.
  • Grinberg, R. (2012) Bitcoin: An innovative alternative digital currency. Hastings Science and Technology Law Journal, 4(1), 159-207.
  • Lee Kuo Chuen, D. (Ed.) (2015). Handbook of Digital Currency. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Li, J.-P., Naqvi, B., Rizvi, S. K. A., and Chang, H.-L. (2021). Bitcoin: The biggest financial innovation of fourth industrial revolution and a portfolio's efficiency booster. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120383.
  • Liu, Y. and A. Tsyvinski (2018). Risks and Returns of Cryptocurrency. Global Business Issues eJournal.
  • Qin, M., Su, C.-W., and Tao, R. (2021). BitCoin: A new basket for eggs? Economic Modelling, 94, 896–907.
  • S&P Dow Jones. (2021). Dow Jones Global Indices Methodology. Retrieved from: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/documents/methodologies/methodology-dj-global-indices.pdf
  • Shahzad, S. J. H., Bouri, E., Roubaud, D., Kristoufek, L., and Lucey, B. (2019). Is Bitcoin a better safe-haven investment than gold and commodities? International Review of Financial Analysis, 63, 322–330.
  • Shen, D., Urquhart, A., and Wang, P. (2019). Does twitter predict Bitcoin? Economics Letters, 174, 118–122.
  • Silvennoinen, A., and Terȁsvirta, T. (2008). Multivariate GARCH Models. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, No. 669. Retrieved from: http://swopec.hhs.se/hastef/papers/hastef0669.pdf
  • White, R., Marinakis, Y., Islam, N., and Walsh, S. (2020). Is Bitcoin a currency, a technology-based product, or something else? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119877.
  • Yermack, D. (2015). Chapter 2 - Is Bitcoin a Real Currency? An Economic Appraisal. In D. Lee Kuo Chuen (Ed.), Handbook of Digital Currency (pp. 31–43). San Diego: Academic Press.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mevlüt Camgöz

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date November 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Camgöz, M. (2021). Alternatif Bir Yatırım Aracı Olarak Bitcoin: Uluslararası Hisse Senedi Portföylerinde Daha Üstün Bir Risk-Getiri Etkinliği Mümkün Mü?. Journal of Business and Trade, 2(2), 102-119.