A review of visual attention research using eye-tracking technologies

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 128 - 135, 26.12.2022

Özgün Ahmet Efetürk , Gizem Turgut , Hamid Asadi Dereshgi , Aziz Yılmaz

Abstract

The purpuse of this review paper was to examined the study on visual attentional bias processes and eye movements in this process and evaluate individuals' responses to positive and negative stimulus. The selective attention processes that individuals show to environmental stimuli and the eye movement behaviors. Accordingly, these are associated with autonomous defense mechanisms that occur during survival. This situation may differ according to various characteristics of the individual. Another differentiated situation is the psychological well-being of the individual during the attention change process. Many studies have shown that individuals with anxiety-related disorders or depression show more intense sensitivity to threatening stimuli. The eye-tracking method is important for characterizing and detecting individual differences reflected in the individual's attention switching process and attentional bias. Consequently, the differences in the reaction time of individuals with high levels of anxiety/depression were negative stimuli compared to other (positive, neutral) stimuli. Currently, the processes of attentional bias caused by threatening factors in individuals continue to be examined. Information on this situation are quite important for the detection and treatment processes of many psychological diseases. Therefore, the observation of eye movement behaviour that is significant for the detection of other psycho-physiological conditions (cognitive, visual fatigue) that cause attentional bias.

Keywords

Eye Tracking, Attentional Bias, Anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Eating Disorder

Thanks

Special thanks to the ArelMED-I members for their motivations, recommendations and feedback.

Görsel dikkat araştırmalarında göz izleme teknolojilerinin kullanımı üzerine bir derleme çalışması

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı dikkat yanlılığı süreçleri ve bu esnada oluşan göz hareketleri üzerine yapılan araştırmaları inceleyerek, bireylerin olumlu-olumsuz uyaranlardan ne şekilde etkilendiğini değerlendirmektir. Bireylerin çevresel uyaranlara karşı gösterdikleri seçici dikkat süreçleri ve buna bağlı geliştirdikleri göz hareketi davranışları, hayatta kalma sırasında oluşan otonom savunma mekanizmaları ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu durum bireyin sahip olduğu çeşitli özelliklere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Farklılık gösteren bir diğer durum ise dikkat değişim süreci içerisindeki bireyin psikolojik iyilik halidir. Birçok çalışma kaygı ilişkili veya depresyon gibi hastalıklara sahip bireylerin tehdit içerikli uyaranlara karşı daha yoğun hassasiyet gösterdiklerini belirtmiştir. Göz takip yöntemi, bireyin dikkat değişim sürecini ve dikkat yanlılığına yansıyan bireysel farklılıkların ayırt ve tespit edilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu yöntem ile yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, kaygı/depresyon seviyesi yüksek bireylerin negatif uyarana gösterdiği tepki süresinin diğer (pozitif, nötr) uyaranlara kıyasla gösterdiği farklılıklar dikkat çekmektedir. Tehdit edici unsurların bireyde yarattığı dikkat yanlılığı süreçleri günümüzde incelenmeye devam etmektedir. Bu duruma ilişkin bilgiler birçok psikolojik hastalığın tespit ve tedavi süreçleri için oldukça önemlidir. Ayrıca göz hareketi davranışının gözlemlenmesi, dikkat yanlılığına neden olan diğer psiko-fizyolojik durumların (bilişsel, görsel yorgunluk) tespiti için de önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

Eye Tracking, Attentional Bias, Anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Eating Disorder

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