Bilimsel Yetenek ve Yaratıcılık

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 222 - 250, 26.03.2016

Çev. Dilek Kara Feyzullah Şahin

Öz

“Bilimsel yetenek ve yaratıcılık” kavramının giriş amacıyla bir tanıtımının devamında bilimsel yetenekle ile ilgili çalışmalar açısından ürün temelli ve kişilik ve sosyal psikoloji yaklaşımlar açısından ve beceri ve performans yönünden incelenecektir. Psikometrik ve diğer bilişsel psikolojik paradigmalar, daha detaylı olarak ele alınacaktır. Bu iki araştırma stratejisi, bilimsel ve teknolojik anlamda bilimsel yetenek ve yaratıcılık öğelerinin tasvir edilmesi ve açıklanmasında birbirini tamamlar roller oynayacaklardır. Psikometrik çalışmaları; tanısal ve teşhissel amaçlar için vazgeçilmez olduğu gibi bilişsel psikolojik çalışmalar da kişisel yeterliliklerin ve mükemmel performansların gelişimini açıklamada yardımcı olacaktır. Geçtiğimiz 20 yılda “uzmanlık geliştirmede doğuştan gelen yetenek” olarak adlandırılan diğer bir araştırma paradigması ortaya çıkmıştır. “Usta - çırak paradigması” olarak adlandırılan konu, yaratıcılık ve motivasyonun vazgeçilmez bir rol oynadığı “üstün yeteneklilik” dinamik kavramını temel almaktadır. Bu yaklaşıma örnek olarak Münih Dinamik Yetenek Başarı Modelini (MDYBM) verebiliriz ki bu da daha sonra detaylı olarak tartışılacak olan Münih Üstün Yeteneklilik Modelinin genişletilmiş bir versiyonudur. Dahası, bilimsel yetenek ve teknik yaratıcılık konusunda yazarın yapmış olduğu çalışmalardan elde edilen ampirik veriler burada sözü edilen teorik çerçevelerinde sunulacaktır. Son olarak bilimsel ve yaratıcı açıdan yetenekli genç ve yetişkin bireylerin yetiştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli olasılıklar, cinsiyet ile ilgili sorunlara da değinilmek sureti ile tartışılacaktır. Genel olarak kuramsal “bilimsel yetenek” kavramı bilimsel düşünme potansiyeli veya doğal bilimlerde yükselmek için özel bir yetenek olarak tasvir edilebilir. Bu tanıma benzer şekilde “bilimsel yaratıcılık” veya “teknik yaratıcılık” karmaşık bilimsel ve teknik problemleri yenilikçi ve verimli bir şekilde çözmek için kişisel ve sosyal potansiyelin varlığı şeklinde kavramlaştırılabilir. Her iki tasvir edici ve açıklayıcı terim de teorik ve pratik açıdan verimli bir tanım için gereklidir. Bu da çeşitli çalışma örnekleri ile gösterilecek olan farklı araştırma stratejilerini gerekli kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilimsel yaratıcılık, bilimsel yetenek, yaratıcılık

Kaynakça

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