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Literatürde Organik Tarım Terminolojisi: Organik Tarımla İlişkili Dergilerde Bir İçerik Analizi

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 14 - 28, 15.03.2017

Abstract

İnsanoğlunun ekolojik ve sosyal çevresi üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip ve aynı zamanda gelecek vaat eden (Vogl vd, 2005: 5) organik tarım, tüm dünyada gün geçtikçe önemi artan bir tarımsal yöntem haline dönüşmektedir. Bu bağlamda yükselen bir değer olan organik tarım, bu araştırmanın konusu olmuştur. Araştırmacıların organik tarımla ilgili değişkenler konusunda daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmalarını amaçlayan bu çalışma, derleme türünde bir araştırma niteliğindedir. Çalışma kapsamında, organik tarım ve ilgili değişkenleri içeren 30 dergi tespit edilmiştir. Bu dergiler arasından konulara ilgililik düzeylerine ve dergilerin ISI etki faktörlerine göre tekrar bir filtreleme uygulanarak dergi sayısı 11’e indirilmiştir. Bu filtreleme işleminde temel belirleyici olan unsur dergilerin sahip oldukları ‘etki faktörleridir’ (ISI knowledge tarafından sağlanan ‘impact factor’). İkinci bir filtreleme kriteri ise dergilerin basım yeri ve editörlerin görev yaptıkları ülkelerdir. Organik tarım konusunda Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika ülkeleri daha köklü bir geçmişe ve tecrübeye sahip olmalarından dolayı dergilerin basım yerlerinin ve editörlerin görev yaptıkları yerlerin adı geçen ülkelerden olmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Sonraki aşamada ise belirtilen dergilerde tarama işlemine başlanmış ve bu süreç 11.06.2015 tarihinden 24.12.2015 tarihine kadar devam etmiştir. Sonuç olarak; 118 makalenin literatür analizine göre aşağıda ifade edilen maddeler çerçevesinde organik tarımın kırsal kalkınma ilişkisinin ele alınabileceği noktalar ortaya konulmuştur: (1) organik tarımın ekonomik çarpan etkisi ve kırsal istihdam yaratma potansiyeli vardır; (2) organik üretim sertifikasına sahip olan üreticiler bulunmaktadır; (3) organik üretim sertifikasına sahip olmayan diğer üreticilerle kıyaslandığında daha fazla gelir elde etmektedir; 84) Organik tarım konvansiyonel tarıma göre daha sürdürülebilir bir tarımsal üretim şeklidir; (5) Organik tarım, çevre dostu bir uygulamadır; (6) Hükümet Dışı Organizasyonlar (HDO) organik ürünün yetiştirilmesinden pazarlanmasına kadar pek çok konuda organik üretime olumlu katkı sunmaktadır.

References

  • Alaeddinoğlu, F., & Şeremet, M. (2016). Nature-Based Tourism in Turkey: The Yayla in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea Region. In Alternative Tourism in Turkey (pp. 71-86). Springer International Publishing. Ayaz, N. (2015). Kırsal Turizm Geliştirme Sürecinde Belediye Başkanlarının Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015(1), 1-26. Ayuya, O. I., Gıdo, E. O., Bett, H. K., Lagat, J. K., Kahi, A. K. and Bauer, S. (2015). “Effect of Certified Organic Production Systems on Poverty among Smallholder Farmers: Empirical Evidence from Kenya.” World Development 67: 27–37. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.005. Bacon, C. (2005). “Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua?” World Development 33 (3): 497–511. Balaban, Y., (2014), Organik Tarım, Elma Yayınevi, Ankara. Best, H. (2008). “Organic Agriculture and The Conventionalization Hypothesis: A Case Study From West Germany.” Agriculture and Human Values 25: 95–106. doi:10.1007/s10460-007-9073-1. Blanc, J. and P.R. Kledal. (2012). The Brazilian Organic Food Sector: Prospects and Constraints of Facilitating The Inclusion of Smallholders. Journal of Rural Studies 28:142-154. Bolwing, S. and Gibbon, P. (2009). “The Economics of Smallholder Organic Contract Farming in Tropical Africa.” World Development 37 (6): 1094–1104. Carpenter, D. (2003). “An Investigation Into The Transition From Technological to Ecological Rice Farming Among Resource Poor Farmers From The Philippine Island of Bohol.” Agriculture and Human Values 20: 165–77. Clarke, N., Cloke, P., Barnett, C. and Malpass, P., (2008). The Spaces and Ethics of Organic Food. Journal of Rural Studies 24:219-230. Cobb, D., Feber, R., Hopkins, A., Stockdale, L., O’Riordan, T., Clements, B., Firbank, L., Goulding, K., Jarvis, S. and Macdonald, D. (1999). “Integrating The Environmental and Economic Consequences of Converting to Organic Agriculture: Evidence From A Case Study.” Land Use Policy 16: 207–21. Cranfield, J., Henson, S. and Holliday, J. (2010). “The Motives, Benefits, and Problems of Conversion to Organic Production.” Agriculture and Human Values 27: 291–306. Daugbjerg, C., Tranter, R., Hattam, C. and Holloway, G. (2011). “Modelling The Impacts of Policy On Entry Into Organic Farming: Evidence From Danish–Uk Comparisons, 1989–2007.” Land Use Policy 28: 413–22. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.09.001. De Master, K. (2012). “Designing Dreams or Constructing Contradictions? European Union Multifunctional Policies and the Polish Organic Farm Sector.” Rural Sociology 77 (1): 89–109. doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00071.x. Duram, L. A. (2000). “Agents’ Perceptions of Structure: How Illinois Organic Farmers View Political, Economic, Social, And Ecological Factors.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 35–48. Febles-Gonzalez, J. M., Tolon-Becerra, A., Lastra-Bravo, X. and Acosta-Valdes, X. (2011). “Cuban Agricultural Policy in The Last 25 Years. From Conventional to Organic Agriculture.” Land Use Policy 28: 723–35. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.12.008. Flaten, O., Lien, G., Koesling, M., and Loes, A-K. (2010). “Norwegian Farmers Ceasing Certified Organic Production: Characteristics and Reasons.” Journal of Environmental Management 91: 2717–26. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.026. Haring, A. M., Vairo, M., Dabbert, S. and Zanoli, R. (2009). “Organic Farming Policy Development in The EU: What Can Multi-Stakeholder Processes Contribute?” Food Policy 34: 265–72. Hatanaka, M. (2010). Certification, Partnership, and Morality in An Organic Shrimp Network: Rethinking Transnational Alternative Agrifood Networks. World Development 38:706-716. Kleemann, L.; A. Abdulai; and M. Buss. (2014). Certification and Access to Export Markets: Adoption and Return on Investment of Organic-Certified Pineapple Farming in Ghana. World Development 64:79-92. Kings, D., and Ilbery, B. (2015). “The Lifeworlds of Organic And Conventional Farmers in Central-Southern England: A Phenomenological Enquiry.” Sociologia Ruralis 55 (1): 62–84. doi:10.1111/soru.12047. Lobley, M., Butler, A. and Reed, M. (2009). “The Contribution of Organic Farming to Rural Development: An Exploration of The Socio-Economic Linkages of Organic and Non-Organic Farms in England.” Land Use Policy 26: 723–35. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.09.007. Lockie, S. (2006). “Capturing The Sustainability Agenda: Organic Foods And Media Discourses on Food Scares, Environment, Genetic Engineering, And Health.” Agriculture and Human Values 23: 313–23. doi:10.1007/s10460-006-9007-3. Lockie, S. and Halpin, D. (2005). “The ‘Conventionalisation’ Thesis Reconsidered: Structural and Ideological Transformation of Australian Organic Agriculture.” Sociologia Ruralis 45 (4): 284–307. Marshall, A. (2000). “Sustaining Sustainable Agriculture: The Rise and Fall of The Fund for Rural America.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 267–77. McGreevy, S. R. (2012). “Lost in Translation: Incomer Organic Farmers, Local Knowledge, and The Revitalization of Upland Japanese Hamlets.” Agriculture and Human Values 29: 393–412. doi:10.1007/s10460-011-9347-5. Michelsen, J. (2009). “The Europeanization of Organic Agriculture and Conflicts Over Agricultural Policy.” Food Policy 34: 252–57. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.004. Moseley, M.J. (1996). Baseline Studies for Local Rural Development Programmes: Towards a Methodology, Planning Practice and Research. 11(1):19-36. Offermann, F., Nieberg, H., and Zander, K. (2009). “Dependency of Organic Farms on Direct Payments in Selected EU Member States:Today and Tomorrow.” Food Policy 34: 273–79. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.002. Parvathi, P. and H. Waibel. (2016). Organic Agriculture and Fair Trade: A Happy Marriage? A Case Study of Certified Smallholder Black Pepper Farmers in India. World Development 77:206-220. Pugliese, P. (2001). Organic Farming and Sustainable Rural Development: A Multifaceted and Promising Convergence, Sociologia Ruralis 41 (1): 112–30. Smith, E. and T. Marsden. (2004). Exploring The ‘Limits to Growth’ in UK Organics: Beyond The Statistical Image. Journal of Rural Studies 20:345-357. Sonderskov, K. M. and Daugbjerg, C. (2011). “The State And Consumer Confidence in Eco-Labeling: Organic Labeling in Denmark, Sweden, The United Kingdom And The United States.” Agriculture and Human Values, no. 28: 507–17. doi:10.1007/s10460-010-9295-5. Stolze, M. and Lampkin, N. (2009). “Policy for Organic Farming: Rationale and Concepts.” Food Policy 34: 237–44. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.005. Storstad, O. ve Bjorkhaug, H. (2003). “Foundations of Production And Consumption of Organic Food in Norway: Common Attitudes Among Farmers And Consumers?” Agriculture and Human Values 20: 151–63. Tovar, L.G., Martin, L., Cruz, M.A.G. and Mutersbaugh, T., (2005), Certified Organic Agriculture in Mexico: Market Connections and Certification Practices in Large and Small Producers. Journal of Rural Studies 21:461-474. Tuomisto, H.L., Hodge, I.D., Riordan, P. and Macdonald, D.W., (2012). Does Organic Farming Reduce Environmental Impacts? A Meta-Analysis of European Research. Journal of Environmental Management 112:309-320. Veldstra, M. D., Alexander, C. E. and Marshall, M. I., (2014). “To Certify or Not to Certify? Separating The Organic Production Nd Certification Decisions.” Food Policy 49: 429–36. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.010. Vogl, C. R., Kilcher. L. and Schmidt, H. (2005). Are Standards and Regulations of Organic Farming Moving Away from Small Farmers’ Knowledge?. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 26 (1). pages: 5-26. Vos, T. 2000. “Visions of The Middle Landscape: Organic Farming And The Politics of Nature.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 245–56. Wier, M., O'Deherty Jensen, K., Morch Andersen L., and Millock, K. (2008). The Character of Demand in Mature Organic Food Markets: Great Britain and Denmark Compared. Food Policy 33:406-421. Yavuzer, Ü. and Bengisu, G., (2015), Organik Hayvancılık, Nobel Yayınevi, Ankara. Zagata, L. and Lostak, M. (2012). “In Goodness We Trust. The Role of Trust and Institutions Underpinning Trust in the Organic Food Market.” Sociologia Ruralis 52 (4): 470–87. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00574.x. Zepeda, L., Chang H.-S. and Leviten-Reid, C., (2006). Organic Food Demand: A Focus Group Study Involving Caucasian and African-American Shoppers. Agriculture and Human Values 23:385-394. http://www.fibl.org/de/startseite.html (Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2016) http://www.ifoam-eu.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 26.05.2016)
Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 14 - 28, 15.03.2017

Abstract

References

  • Alaeddinoğlu, F., & Şeremet, M. (2016). Nature-Based Tourism in Turkey: The Yayla in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea Region. In Alternative Tourism in Turkey (pp. 71-86). Springer International Publishing. Ayaz, N. (2015). Kırsal Turizm Geliştirme Sürecinde Belediye Başkanlarının Görüşleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015(1), 1-26. Ayuya, O. I., Gıdo, E. O., Bett, H. K., Lagat, J. K., Kahi, A. K. and Bauer, S. (2015). “Effect of Certified Organic Production Systems on Poverty among Smallholder Farmers: Empirical Evidence from Kenya.” World Development 67: 27–37. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.005. Bacon, C. (2005). “Confronting the Coffee Crisis: Can Fair Trade, Organic, and Specialty Coffees Reduce Small-Scale Farmer Vulnerability in Northern Nicaragua?” World Development 33 (3): 497–511. Balaban, Y., (2014), Organik Tarım, Elma Yayınevi, Ankara. Best, H. (2008). “Organic Agriculture and The Conventionalization Hypothesis: A Case Study From West Germany.” Agriculture and Human Values 25: 95–106. doi:10.1007/s10460-007-9073-1. Blanc, J. and P.R. Kledal. (2012). The Brazilian Organic Food Sector: Prospects and Constraints of Facilitating The Inclusion of Smallholders. Journal of Rural Studies 28:142-154. Bolwing, S. and Gibbon, P. (2009). “The Economics of Smallholder Organic Contract Farming in Tropical Africa.” World Development 37 (6): 1094–1104. Carpenter, D. (2003). “An Investigation Into The Transition From Technological to Ecological Rice Farming Among Resource Poor Farmers From The Philippine Island of Bohol.” Agriculture and Human Values 20: 165–77. Clarke, N., Cloke, P., Barnett, C. and Malpass, P., (2008). The Spaces and Ethics of Organic Food. Journal of Rural Studies 24:219-230. Cobb, D., Feber, R., Hopkins, A., Stockdale, L., O’Riordan, T., Clements, B., Firbank, L., Goulding, K., Jarvis, S. and Macdonald, D. (1999). “Integrating The Environmental and Economic Consequences of Converting to Organic Agriculture: Evidence From A Case Study.” Land Use Policy 16: 207–21. Cranfield, J., Henson, S. and Holliday, J. (2010). “The Motives, Benefits, and Problems of Conversion to Organic Production.” Agriculture and Human Values 27: 291–306. Daugbjerg, C., Tranter, R., Hattam, C. and Holloway, G. (2011). “Modelling The Impacts of Policy On Entry Into Organic Farming: Evidence From Danish–Uk Comparisons, 1989–2007.” Land Use Policy 28: 413–22. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.09.001. De Master, K. (2012). “Designing Dreams or Constructing Contradictions? European Union Multifunctional Policies and the Polish Organic Farm Sector.” Rural Sociology 77 (1): 89–109. doi:10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00071.x. Duram, L. A. (2000). “Agents’ Perceptions of Structure: How Illinois Organic Farmers View Political, Economic, Social, And Ecological Factors.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 35–48. Febles-Gonzalez, J. M., Tolon-Becerra, A., Lastra-Bravo, X. and Acosta-Valdes, X. (2011). “Cuban Agricultural Policy in The Last 25 Years. From Conventional to Organic Agriculture.” Land Use Policy 28: 723–35. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.12.008. Flaten, O., Lien, G., Koesling, M., and Loes, A-K. (2010). “Norwegian Farmers Ceasing Certified Organic Production: Characteristics and Reasons.” Journal of Environmental Management 91: 2717–26. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.026. Haring, A. M., Vairo, M., Dabbert, S. and Zanoli, R. (2009). “Organic Farming Policy Development in The EU: What Can Multi-Stakeholder Processes Contribute?” Food Policy 34: 265–72. Hatanaka, M. (2010). Certification, Partnership, and Morality in An Organic Shrimp Network: Rethinking Transnational Alternative Agrifood Networks. World Development 38:706-716. Kleemann, L.; A. Abdulai; and M. Buss. (2014). Certification and Access to Export Markets: Adoption and Return on Investment of Organic-Certified Pineapple Farming in Ghana. World Development 64:79-92. Kings, D., and Ilbery, B. (2015). “The Lifeworlds of Organic And Conventional Farmers in Central-Southern England: A Phenomenological Enquiry.” Sociologia Ruralis 55 (1): 62–84. doi:10.1111/soru.12047. Lobley, M., Butler, A. and Reed, M. (2009). “The Contribution of Organic Farming to Rural Development: An Exploration of The Socio-Economic Linkages of Organic and Non-Organic Farms in England.” Land Use Policy 26: 723–35. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.09.007. Lockie, S. (2006). “Capturing The Sustainability Agenda: Organic Foods And Media Discourses on Food Scares, Environment, Genetic Engineering, And Health.” Agriculture and Human Values 23: 313–23. doi:10.1007/s10460-006-9007-3. Lockie, S. and Halpin, D. (2005). “The ‘Conventionalisation’ Thesis Reconsidered: Structural and Ideological Transformation of Australian Organic Agriculture.” Sociologia Ruralis 45 (4): 284–307. Marshall, A. (2000). “Sustaining Sustainable Agriculture: The Rise and Fall of The Fund for Rural America.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 267–77. McGreevy, S. R. (2012). “Lost in Translation: Incomer Organic Farmers, Local Knowledge, and The Revitalization of Upland Japanese Hamlets.” Agriculture and Human Values 29: 393–412. doi:10.1007/s10460-011-9347-5. Michelsen, J. (2009). “The Europeanization of Organic Agriculture and Conflicts Over Agricultural Policy.” Food Policy 34: 252–57. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.004. Moseley, M.J. (1996). Baseline Studies for Local Rural Development Programmes: Towards a Methodology, Planning Practice and Research. 11(1):19-36. Offermann, F., Nieberg, H., and Zander, K. (2009). “Dependency of Organic Farms on Direct Payments in Selected EU Member States:Today and Tomorrow.” Food Policy 34: 273–79. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.002. Parvathi, P. and H. Waibel. (2016). Organic Agriculture and Fair Trade: A Happy Marriage? A Case Study of Certified Smallholder Black Pepper Farmers in India. World Development 77:206-220. Pugliese, P. (2001). Organic Farming and Sustainable Rural Development: A Multifaceted and Promising Convergence, Sociologia Ruralis 41 (1): 112–30. Smith, E. and T. Marsden. (2004). Exploring The ‘Limits to Growth’ in UK Organics: Beyond The Statistical Image. Journal of Rural Studies 20:345-357. Sonderskov, K. M. and Daugbjerg, C. (2011). “The State And Consumer Confidence in Eco-Labeling: Organic Labeling in Denmark, Sweden, The United Kingdom And The United States.” Agriculture and Human Values, no. 28: 507–17. doi:10.1007/s10460-010-9295-5. Stolze, M. and Lampkin, N. (2009). “Policy for Organic Farming: Rationale and Concepts.” Food Policy 34: 237–44. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.005. Storstad, O. ve Bjorkhaug, H. (2003). “Foundations of Production And Consumption of Organic Food in Norway: Common Attitudes Among Farmers And Consumers?” Agriculture and Human Values 20: 151–63. Tovar, L.G., Martin, L., Cruz, M.A.G. and Mutersbaugh, T., (2005), Certified Organic Agriculture in Mexico: Market Connections and Certification Practices in Large and Small Producers. Journal of Rural Studies 21:461-474. Tuomisto, H.L., Hodge, I.D., Riordan, P. and Macdonald, D.W., (2012). Does Organic Farming Reduce Environmental Impacts? A Meta-Analysis of European Research. Journal of Environmental Management 112:309-320. Veldstra, M. D., Alexander, C. E. and Marshall, M. I., (2014). “To Certify or Not to Certify? Separating The Organic Production Nd Certification Decisions.” Food Policy 49: 429–36. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.010. Vogl, C. R., Kilcher. L. and Schmidt, H. (2005). Are Standards and Regulations of Organic Farming Moving Away from Small Farmers’ Knowledge?. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 26 (1). pages: 5-26. Vos, T. 2000. “Visions of The Middle Landscape: Organic Farming And The Politics of Nature.” Agriculture and Human Values 17: 245–56. Wier, M., O'Deherty Jensen, K., Morch Andersen L., and Millock, K. (2008). The Character of Demand in Mature Organic Food Markets: Great Britain and Denmark Compared. Food Policy 33:406-421. Yavuzer, Ü. and Bengisu, G., (2015), Organik Hayvancılık, Nobel Yayınevi, Ankara. Zagata, L. and Lostak, M. (2012). “In Goodness We Trust. The Role of Trust and Institutions Underpinning Trust in the Organic Food Market.” Sociologia Ruralis 52 (4): 470–87. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00574.x. Zepeda, L., Chang H.-S. and Leviten-Reid, C., (2006). Organic Food Demand: A Focus Group Study Involving Caucasian and African-American Shoppers. Agriculture and Human Values 23:385-394. http://www.fibl.org/de/startseite.html (Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2016) http://www.ifoam-eu.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 26.05.2016)
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Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ramazan Okudum This is me

Faruk Alaeddinoğlu This is me

Mehmet Şeremet This is me

Publication Date March 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Okudum, R., Alaeddinoğlu, F., & Şeremet, M. (2017). Literatürde Organik Tarım Terminolojisi: Organik Tarımla İlişkili Dergilerde Bir İçerik Analizi. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 14-28.