Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 171 - 183, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-2-171

Abstract

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & B. J. (Eds.), Action control (pp. 11–39). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.
  • Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P. J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1798895
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759130
  • Bratic, M., Radivojevic, A., Stojiljkovic, N., Simovic, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should I stay or should I go? Tourists’ covid-19 risk perception and vacation behavior shift. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063573
  • Brown, N. A., Rovins, J. E., Feldmann-Jensen, S., Orchiston, C., & Johnston, D. (2017). Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22(February), 362–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005
  • Burhan, M., Salam, M. T., Hamdan, O. A., & Tariq, H. (2021). Crisis management in the hospitality sector SMEs in Pakistan during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98(June 2020), 103037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103037
  • Çevik Tekin, İ. (2020). Pandemi sürecinde değişen tüketici davranışları. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(2), 2331–2347. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i2.1528
  • Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of health risk perception on avoidance of international travel in the wake of a pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 985–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829570
  • Fan, X., Lu, J., Qiu, M., & Xiao, X. (2022). Changes in travel behaviors and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery period: A case study of China. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100522
  • Garipağaoğlu Uğur, N., Kızılırmak, İ., & Dereli, G. (2021). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin seyahat etme niyetine etkisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(46), 1247–1262. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.948812
  • Gürsoy, D., Ekinci, Y., Can, A. S., & Murray, J. C. (2022). Effectiveness of message framing in changing COVID-19 vaccination intentions: Moderating role of travel desire. Tourism Management, 90, 104468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104468
  • Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chua, B. L., Tariq, B., Radic, A., & Park, S. H. (2020). The post-coronavirus world in the international tourism industry: Application of the theory of planned behavior to safer destination choices in the case of us outbound tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186485
  • Herbane, B. (2013). Exploring crisis management in UK small- and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 21(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12006
  • Ivanova, M., Ivanov, I. K., & Ivanov, S. (2020). Travel behaviour after the pandemic: the case of Bulgaria. Anatolia, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267
  • Kırlar-Can, B., & Ertaş, M. (2022). Traveling in the time of risk: The impact of vaccination on Turkish travellers. European Journal of Tourism Research, 31, 3112. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2469
  • Lee, C. K., Song, H. J., Bendle, L. J., Kim, M. J., & Han, H. (2012). The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for 2009 H1N1 influenza on travel intentions: A model of goal-directed behavior. Tourism Management, 33(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.006
  • Li, J., Hong, T., Nguyen, H., & Coca-stefaniak, J. A. (2021). Coronavirus impacts on post-pandemic planned travel behaviours. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 102964.
  • Liu, Y., Shi, H., Li, Y., & Amin, A. (2021). Factors influencing Chinese residents’ post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behavior model based on the perception of COVID-19. Tourism Review, 76(4), 871–891. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2020-0458
  • Matiza, T., & Kruger, M. (2021). Ceding to their fears: a taxonomic analysis of the heterogeneity in COVID-19 associated perceived risk and intended travel behaviour. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1889793
  • Nazneen, S., Hong, X., & Ud Din, N. (2020). COVID-19 crises and tourist travel risk perceptions. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3592321
  • Nazneen, S., Xu, H., Ud Din, N., & Karim, R. (2021). Perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance: application of protection motivation theory. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2021-0165
  • Neuburger, L., & Egger, R. (2021). Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: a case study of the DACH region. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1003–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1803807
  • Onat, G., Karakuş, Y., Pimentel, T. D., & Doğan, Y. (2021). Antecedents of the Concept of Travel Intention During the Pandemic: A Case Study from Turkey. Revista Rosa Dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade, 13(4 covid 19), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18226/21789061.V13I4P26
  • Qiu, R. T. R., Park, J., Li, S. N., & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994
  • Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006
  • Rahmafitria, F., Suryadi, K., Oktadiana, H., Putro, H. P. H., & Rosyidie, A. (2021). Applying knowledge, social concern and perceived risk in planned behavior theory for tourism in the Covid-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 809–828. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2020-0542
  • Rempala, G., & Wesolowski, J. (2002). Asymptotics for products of sums and u-statistics. Electronic Communications in Probability, 7(none), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1214/ECP.v7-1046
  • Sánchez-Cañizares, S. M., Cabeza-Ramírez, L. J., Muñoz-Fernández, G., & Fuentes-García, F. J. (2021). Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 970–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829571
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Test of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Seong, B. H., & Hong, C. Y. (2021). Does risk awareness of covid-19 affect visits to national parks? Analyzing the tourist decision-making process using the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105081
  • Shah Alam, S., Masukujjaman, M., Omar, nor A., Mohamed Makhbul, Z. K., & Helmi Ali, M. (2022). Protection motivation and travel intention after the COVID-19 vaccination: Fear and risk perception. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2089948
  • Shen, K., & Shen, H. (2021). Chinese traditional village residents’ behavioural intention to support tourism: an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour. Tourism Review, 76(2), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2019-0451
  • Sonmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700209
  • Sujood, Hamid, S., & Bano, N. (2021). Behavioral intention of traveling in the period of COVID-19: An application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and perceived risk. International Journal of Tourism Cities, June. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0183
  • Taştan, H., & Soylu, A. G. (2023). The impact of perceived cleanliness on customer satisfaction, revisiting intention and complaining behaviors: The case of restaurants by S-O-R Model. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 8(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.31822/JOMAT.2023-8-1-27
  • Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of good structural equation modeling: Introductory primer on SEM. In L. Grimm & P. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and Understanding More Multivariate Statistics (pp. 261–284). American Psychological Association.
  • WHO. (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
  • Ying, T., Wang, K., Liu, X., Wen, J., & Goh, E. (2020). Rethinking game consumption in tourism: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1743048
  • Yuzhanin, S., & Fisher, D. (2016). The efficacy of the theory of planned behavior for predicting intentions to choose a travel destination: a review. Tourism Review, 71(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2015-0055
  • Zaman, U., Aktan, M., Anjam, M., Agrusa, J., Khwaja, M. G., & Farías, P. (2021). Can post-vaccine ‘vaxication’ rejuvenate global tourism? Nexus between COVID-19 branded destination safety, travel shaming, incentives and the rise of vaxication travel. Sustainability, 13, 14043. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414043
  • Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic – A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81(April), 104164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164
  • Zeydan, İ., & Gürbüz, A. (2021). 2021 yaz sezonu öncesi konaklama tesislerinde güvenli turizm sertifikası. 1. International Hsankeyf Scientific Reserch and Innovation Congress, 382–387.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

考察大流行期间和大流行之后游客在土耳其的旅行意向: 减少风险行为的中介效应

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 171 - 183, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-2-171

Abstract

在Covid-19大流行的前两年,风险认知对旅行意向有负面影响。疫苗接种是否改变了风险认知,以及疫苗接种对旅行意向的影响在文献中还没有得到充分评估。本研究旨在通过计划行为理论(TPB)研究Covid-19大流行病在大规模接种疫苗和正常化期间对游客旅行意向的影响。同时研究了风险认知和旅行意向之间的风险降低行为的中介作用。对土耳其的1233名游客进行了在线调查。作为结构方程模型(SEM)的结果,发现态度、主观规范和感知行为控制等变量对游客的旅行意向有积极影响。然而,没有确定Covid-19风险感知对旅行意向的显著影响。当对调解进行检验时,Covid-19风险认知对旅行意向的影响变得显著。由于我们的大多数样本人群都接种了疫苗(94.8%),游客起初并没有把Covid-19视为一种风险。当他们采取减少风险的行为时,他们开始将Covid-19视为一种风险,并意识到这种大流行病仍未结束,必须采取必要的预防措施。虽然这项研究强调了调解效应风险减少行为的重要性,但它为我们提供了关于游客在大流行期间的旅行意向变化的新思路。



References

  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & B. J. (Eds.), Action control (pp. 11–39). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.
  • Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P. J. (2021). The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1798895
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  • Benjamin, S., Dillette, A., & Alderman, D. H. (2020). “We can’t return to normal”: committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age. Tourism Geographies, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759130
  • Bratic, M., Radivojevic, A., Stojiljkovic, N., Simovic, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should I stay or should I go? Tourists’ covid-19 risk perception and vacation behavior shift. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063573
  • Brown, N. A., Rovins, J. E., Feldmann-Jensen, S., Orchiston, C., & Johnston, D. (2017). Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literature. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 22(February), 362–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005
  • Burhan, M., Salam, M. T., Hamdan, O. A., & Tariq, H. (2021). Crisis management in the hospitality sector SMEs in Pakistan during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 98(June 2020), 103037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103037
  • Çevik Tekin, İ. (2020). Pandemi sürecinde değişen tüketici davranışları. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(2), 2331–2347. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i2.1528
  • Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of health risk perception on avoidance of international travel in the wake of a pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 985–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829570
  • Fan, X., Lu, J., Qiu, M., & Xiao, X. (2022). Changes in travel behaviors and intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery period: A case study of China. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100522
  • Garipağaoğlu Uğur, N., Kızılırmak, İ., & Dereli, G. (2021). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin seyahat etme niyetine etkisi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(46), 1247–1262. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.948812
  • Gürsoy, D., Ekinci, Y., Can, A. S., & Murray, J. C. (2022). Effectiveness of message framing in changing COVID-19 vaccination intentions: Moderating role of travel desire. Tourism Management, 90, 104468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104468
  • Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chua, B. L., Tariq, B., Radic, A., & Park, S. H. (2020). The post-coronavirus world in the international tourism industry: Application of the theory of planned behavior to safer destination choices in the case of us outbound tourism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186485
  • Herbane, B. (2013). Exploring crisis management in UK small- and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 21(2), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12006
  • Ivanova, M., Ivanov, I. K., & Ivanov, S. (2020). Travel behaviour after the pandemic: the case of Bulgaria. Anatolia, 32(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267
  • Kırlar-Can, B., & Ertaş, M. (2022). Traveling in the time of risk: The impact of vaccination on Turkish travellers. European Journal of Tourism Research, 31, 3112. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v31i.2469
  • Lee, C. K., Song, H. J., Bendle, L. J., Kim, M. J., & Han, H. (2012). The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for 2009 H1N1 influenza on travel intentions: A model of goal-directed behavior. Tourism Management, 33(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.006
  • Li, J., Hong, T., Nguyen, H., & Coca-stefaniak, J. A. (2021). Coronavirus impacts on post-pandemic planned travel behaviours. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 102964.
  • Liu, Y., Shi, H., Li, Y., & Amin, A. (2021). Factors influencing Chinese residents’ post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behavior model based on the perception of COVID-19. Tourism Review, 76(4), 871–891. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2020-0458
  • Matiza, T., & Kruger, M. (2021). Ceding to their fears: a taxonomic analysis of the heterogeneity in COVID-19 associated perceived risk and intended travel behaviour. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1889793
  • Nazneen, S., Hong, X., & Ud Din, N. (2020). COVID-19 crises and tourist travel risk perceptions. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3592321
  • Nazneen, S., Xu, H., Ud Din, N., & Karim, R. (2021). Perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance: application of protection motivation theory. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2021-0165
  • Neuburger, L., & Egger, R. (2021). Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: a case study of the DACH region. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1003–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1803807
  • Onat, G., Karakuş, Y., Pimentel, T. D., & Doğan, Y. (2021). Antecedents of the Concept of Travel Intention During the Pandemic: A Case Study from Turkey. Revista Rosa Dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade, 13(4 covid 19), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18226/21789061.V13I4P26
  • Qiu, R. T. R., Park, J., Li, S. N., & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994
  • Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006
  • Rahmafitria, F., Suryadi, K., Oktadiana, H., Putro, H. P. H., & Rosyidie, A. (2021). Applying knowledge, social concern and perceived risk in planned behavior theory for tourism in the Covid-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 809–828. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2020-0542
  • Rempala, G., & Wesolowski, J. (2002). Asymptotics for products of sums and u-statistics. Electronic Communications in Probability, 7(none), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1214/ECP.v7-1046
  • Sánchez-Cañizares, S. M., Cabeza-Ramírez, L. J., Muñoz-Fernández, G., & Fuentes-García, F. J. (2021). Impact of the perceived risk from Covid-19 on intention to travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 970–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829571
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K. Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Test of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Seong, B. H., & Hong, C. Y. (2021). Does risk awareness of covid-19 affect visits to national parks? Analyzing the tourist decision-making process using the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105081
  • Shah Alam, S., Masukujjaman, M., Omar, nor A., Mohamed Makhbul, Z. K., & Helmi Ali, M. (2022). Protection motivation and travel intention after the COVID-19 vaccination: Fear and risk perception. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2089948
  • Shen, K., & Shen, H. (2021). Chinese traditional village residents’ behavioural intention to support tourism: an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour. Tourism Review, 76(2), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2019-0451
  • Sonmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700209
  • Sujood, Hamid, S., & Bano, N. (2021). Behavioral intention of traveling in the period of COVID-19: An application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and perceived risk. International Journal of Tourism Cities, June. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0183
  • Taştan, H., & Soylu, A. G. (2023). The impact of perceived cleanliness on customer satisfaction, revisiting intention and complaining behaviors: The case of restaurants by S-O-R Model. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 8(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.31822/JOMAT.2023-8-1-27
  • Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of good structural equation modeling: Introductory primer on SEM. In L. Grimm & P. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and Understanding More Multivariate Statistics (pp. 261–284). American Psychological Association.
  • WHO. (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
  • Ying, T., Wang, K., Liu, X., Wen, J., & Goh, E. (2020). Rethinking game consumption in tourism: a case of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1743048
  • Yuzhanin, S., & Fisher, D. (2016). The efficacy of the theory of planned behavior for predicting intentions to choose a travel destination: a review. Tourism Review, 71(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2015-0055
  • Zaman, U., Aktan, M., Anjam, M., Agrusa, J., Khwaja, M. G., & Farías, P. (2021). Can post-vaccine ‘vaxication’ rejuvenate global tourism? Nexus between COVID-19 branded destination safety, travel shaming, incentives and the rise of vaxication travel. Sustainability, 13, 14043. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414043
  • Zenker, S., & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic – A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81(April), 104164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164
  • Zeydan, İ., & Gürbüz, A. (2021). 2021 yaz sezonu öncesi konaklama tesislerinde güvenli turizm sertifikası. 1. International Hsankeyf Scientific Reserch and Innovation Congress, 382–387.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

Examining tourists' travel intentions in Türkiye during pandemic and post-pandemic period: The mediating effect of risk reduction behavior

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 171 - 183, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-2-171

Abstract

In the first two years of the Covid-19 pandemic, risk perception negatively affected travel intention. Whether the vaccination has changed risk perception and the impact of vaccination on travel intention has not been fully evaluated in the literature. This study aims to examine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourists' travel intentions during the mass vaccination and normalization period by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The mediating role of risk reduction behavior between risk perception and travel intention is also investigated. An online survey was conducted with 1233 tourists in Türkiye. As a result of the Structural Equation Model (SEM), it was found that the variables of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had a positive effect on tourists' travel intentions. However, no significant effect of the Covid-19 risk perception on travel intention was determined. When the mediation is tested, the effect of Covid-19 risk perception on travel intention became significant. Since most of our sample population was vaccinated (94.8%), tourists did not perceive Covid-19 as a risk at first. When they applied risk reduction behaviors, they began to perceive Covid-19 as a risk and realized that the pandemic was still not over and necessary precautions had to be taken. While this study emphasizes the importance of the mediation effect risk reduction behavior, it provides us with new ideas about the changes in the travel intention of tourists during the pandemic period.



References

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There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Contents
Authors

İlknur Zeydan 0000-0002-6095-5429

Ahmet Gürbüz 0000-0003-2287-9709

Early Pub Date May 3, 2023
Publication Date December 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Zeydan, İ., & Gürbüz, A. (2023). Examining tourists’ travel intentions in Türkiye during pandemic and post-pandemic period: The mediating effect of risk reduction behavior. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 8(2), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2023-8-2-171



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