Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Evaluation of Çankırı and Iğdır salt caves within the scope of health and recreation tourism

Year 2024, Issue: Special Issue 2 - Sustainability, Innovation and Changing Dynamics in Tourism: From Local to Global, 93 - 105, 16.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-SP-2-93

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of healing methods involving salt, the importance of salt mines has grown significantly over time. Today, as salt therapy (Speleotherapy) becomes more widespread, salt caves in many countries around the world have begun to transform into salt therapy centers. Salt caves in Spain (Cardona), Belarus (Soliharsk), Romania (Slanic, Salina Turda, and Praid), Poland (Wieliczka), Pakistan (Khewra), Germany (Berchtesgaden), Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan), and Turkey (Çankırı and Iğdır Tuzluca) are used for therapeutic purposes. Particularly, Çankırı Salt Cave and Iğdır Tuzluca Salt Cave are important resources in Turkey that can be evaluated within the scope of health tourism. In this study, a literature review, official website analysis, and on-site observations were conducted. In the literature review, previous research on the subject was examined. Through website analysis, the spatial units and recreational activities of the salt caves were identified. The spatial units and recreational activities of each salt cave were determined using the collected data. Subsequently, on-site observations were made by visiting the salt caves in Çankırı and Iğdır. During these observations, the spatial units within the salt caves were visited and photographed individually. Then, the data obtained from the literature, official website analyses, and on-site observations were combined. Finally, the characteristics of all the examined caves were tabulated, and based on the created table, the caves were evaluated. As a result of the evaluation, the Cardona Salt Mine in Spain stands out for its historical and cultural activities; the Nakhchivan in Azerbaijan, Soligorsk in Belarus, Slanic and Praid Salt Mines in Romania are treatment centers offering salt therapy services; the Salina Turda Salt Mine in Romania is an underground theme park; the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Poland, Khewra Salt Mine in Pakistan, and Berchtesgaden Salt Mine in Germany are primarily used for recreational purposes; while the developing Çankırı and Iğdır Tuzluca Salt Mines in Turkey are also noted for their recreational use.

References

  • Atlas Obscura (2024). Gigantic Romanian salt mines used to heal respiratory conditions. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/salina-praid
  • Barcelona Tourist Guide (2024). Cardona Salt Mountain. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.barcelona-tourist-guide.com/en/attractions/cardona-salt-mountain-near-barcelona.html
  • Bond, R. (November, 2023). Cardona: Salt of the earth, https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/travel/cardona-salt-mountain/, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Cardona Turisme (2024). Things to do visit to the Salt Mountain. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://cardonaturisme.cat/en/things-to-do/the-salt-mountain/regular-guided-visit-to-the-salt-mountain-cultural-park/
  • Çankırı Governorship (2024). Yer altı tuz şehri. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from http://www.cankiri.gov.tr/tuz-magarasi-cankiri
  • Çankırı Municipality (2024). Yer altı tuz şehri. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://cankiri.bel.tr/proje/yer-alti-tuz-sehri/76
  • Çiçekoğlu, P. (2012). Haloterapi, tuz terapisi ve speleoterapi, Çankırı Tuz Çalıştayı Raporu, T.C. Kuzey Anadolu Kalmınma Ajansı, 11-12 Nisan 2012, pp.61-66, Çankırı
  • Çorbacı, Ö. L., Oğuztürk, T., Oğuztürk, G. E., Üçok, M. & Aydın, F. (2022). Doğal ve kültürel peyzaj değerinin turizm potansiyeline etkisi: Rize ziraat / botanik çay bahçesi örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 12 (1): 56-67
  • Dede, Z. (2011). Çankırı tuz mağaralarının tıbbi jeoloji açısından değerlendirilmesi. Niğde: Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Duzdag Hotel (2024). Discover the history of Duzdag cave! Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://duzdag.com/en/duzdag-cave/discover
  • Duzdag physıotherapy center (2024). Duzdag mine road Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from http://duzdag.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/galllery
  • Güner, İ., Bekdemir, Ü., Ertürk, M., & Şimşek, O. (2011). Tuzluca kaya tuzlası. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 6(4), 323-347.
  • Higgins, A. (November, 2023). Want to relax? Try the spa in a salt mine in Belarus”, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/19/world/europe/want-to-relax-try-the-spa-in-a-salt-mine-in-belarus.html, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Hill, J. (November, 2023). Want to relax? Try the spa in a salt mine in Belarus, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/19/world/europe/want-to-relax-try-the-spa-in-a-salt-mine-in-belarus.html, Access Date: 25.11.2023
  • Kartal, S., Temiz, B. İ., & Sipahi, S. (2021). Kentsel rekreasyon alanlarında mekânsal kalite: Çankırı örneği. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 9(119), 286-302.
  • Kasalak, M. A., & Balıyev, V. (2020). Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’deki tuz mağaralarının sağlık turizmi açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 4(2), 70-78.
  • Khaliq, F. (November, 2023). Khewra mines: A salt wonder for tourists, https://www.dawn.com/news/1507289, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Kuter, N. (2007). Çankırı kenti ve çevresinin turizm açısından değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(11), 71-77.
  • Outhwaite, A. (November, 2023). Visiting Khewra salt mines, himalayan salt mine in Pakistan, https://alifewelltravelled.co.uk/2019/09/21/visiting-khewra-salt-mines-himalayan-salt-mine-in-pakistan/, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Özdemir E., Erdal K., Veziroğlu F & Ateş, S.S. (2022). Tuz mağaralarında sırt çantası lidar sisteminin 3b model üretiminde kullanılması; Tuzluca, Iğdır örneği. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi, 4(1), 36-42.
  • Öztürk, A., & Öztürk, Y. (2018). Rekreasyonel etkinlik bağlamında tuz mağaralarının kullanımı. Uluslararası Beden Eğitimi, Spor, Rekreasyon ve Dans Kongresi “Sporda Küresel Hedefler, p.p.64-77
  • Pakıstan Mıneral Development Corporatıon (2024). Tourist Attraction. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://pmdc.gov.pk/tourist/
  • Paliparan (2024). Slanic Salt Mine: A Visit 208 Metres Underground. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://paliparan.com/2023/04/11/slanic-salt-mine/
  • Romanian Monasteries (2024). Slanic Prahova, salt mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.romanianmonasteries.org/romania/salt-mine-slanic
  • Salina Praid (2024). Presentation Salt Mine Praid. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salinapraid.ro/presentation
  • Salina Turda (2024). Theresa Mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salinaturda.eu/en/locatie/terezia-mine/
  • Salzbergwerk (2024). The salt mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salzbergwerk.de/en/service/press/press-images
  • Şahbaz, R.P. & Karaçar, E. (2013). Yerel çekiciliklerin turizme kazandırılmasına yönelik yöre halkının tutumları: Çankırı Tuz Mağarası Örneği. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 1(4), 12-19.
  • Şimşek, O. (2020). Nahcivan duzdağin sağlik turizm potansiyeli. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 21-38.
  • The Azerbaijan State News Agency (2024). Duzdag cave of Nakhchivan. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Duzdag_cave_of_Nakhchivan-2041958
  • Timur, U.P., Orhan, M. & Aksüt, A. (2014). Çankırı kaya tuzu mağarasının ve yakın çevresinin turizm ve rekreasyonel amaçlı kullanımının irdelenmesi. Ormancılık Dergisi, 10(1), 97-113.
  • Tontuş, H. Ö. (2017). Sağlık turizm nedir?, http://www.saturk.gov.tr/images/pdf/tyst/02.pdf, Acces Date:25.12.2023.
  • Tuna, H. (2022). Türkiye’deki Mağaraların Sağlık Turizmi Kapsamında İncelenmesi (Investıgatıon of Caves in Turkey Within The Scope of Health Tourism). Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 10(3), 1829-1843.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), (June, 2024). Turizm istatistikleri. Retrieved August 5, 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turizm-Istatistikleri-IV.-Ceyrek:-Ekim---Aralik,-2023-53661
  • Yurdakul, F., & Özgencil, G. (2017). Türkiye’deki turizm gelirinin belirleyicileri ve alternatif turizm gelirlerinin önemi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 173-186.
  • Zamfira, V. (2024). Slanic Prahova Salt Mine Museum. Retrieved August 5, 2024. https://mainlymuseums.com/post/1065/slanic-prahova-salt-mine-museum/
  • Wieliczka (2024). The Wieliczka Salt Mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024. fromhttps://www.wieliczka-saltmine.com/individual-tourist/tourist-route
Year 2024, Issue: Special Issue 2 - Sustainability, Innovation and Changing Dynamics in Tourism: From Local to Global, 93 - 105, 16.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-SP-2-93

Abstract

References

  • Atlas Obscura (2024). Gigantic Romanian salt mines used to heal respiratory conditions. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/salina-praid
  • Barcelona Tourist Guide (2024). Cardona Salt Mountain. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.barcelona-tourist-guide.com/en/attractions/cardona-salt-mountain-near-barcelona.html
  • Bond, R. (November, 2023). Cardona: Salt of the earth, https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/travel/cardona-salt-mountain/, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Cardona Turisme (2024). Things to do visit to the Salt Mountain. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://cardonaturisme.cat/en/things-to-do/the-salt-mountain/regular-guided-visit-to-the-salt-mountain-cultural-park/
  • Çankırı Governorship (2024). Yer altı tuz şehri. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from http://www.cankiri.gov.tr/tuz-magarasi-cankiri
  • Çankırı Municipality (2024). Yer altı tuz şehri. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://cankiri.bel.tr/proje/yer-alti-tuz-sehri/76
  • Çiçekoğlu, P. (2012). Haloterapi, tuz terapisi ve speleoterapi, Çankırı Tuz Çalıştayı Raporu, T.C. Kuzey Anadolu Kalmınma Ajansı, 11-12 Nisan 2012, pp.61-66, Çankırı
  • Çorbacı, Ö. L., Oğuztürk, T., Oğuztürk, G. E., Üçok, M. & Aydın, F. (2022). Doğal ve kültürel peyzaj değerinin turizm potansiyeline etkisi: Rize ziraat / botanik çay bahçesi örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 12 (1): 56-67
  • Dede, Z. (2011). Çankırı tuz mağaralarının tıbbi jeoloji açısından değerlendirilmesi. Niğde: Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Duzdag Hotel (2024). Discover the history of Duzdag cave! Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://duzdag.com/en/duzdag-cave/discover
  • Duzdag physıotherapy center (2024). Duzdag mine road Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from http://duzdag.nakhchivan.az/en/index.php/galllery
  • Güner, İ., Bekdemir, Ü., Ertürk, M., & Şimşek, O. (2011). Tuzluca kaya tuzlası. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 6(4), 323-347.
  • Higgins, A. (November, 2023). Want to relax? Try the spa in a salt mine in Belarus”, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/19/world/europe/want-to-relax-try-the-spa-in-a-salt-mine-in-belarus.html, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Hill, J. (November, 2023). Want to relax? Try the spa in a salt mine in Belarus, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/19/world/europe/want-to-relax-try-the-spa-in-a-salt-mine-in-belarus.html, Access Date: 25.11.2023
  • Kartal, S., Temiz, B. İ., & Sipahi, S. (2021). Kentsel rekreasyon alanlarında mekânsal kalite: Çankırı örneği. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 9(119), 286-302.
  • Kasalak, M. A., & Balıyev, V. (2020). Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’deki tuz mağaralarının sağlık turizmi açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 4(2), 70-78.
  • Khaliq, F. (November, 2023). Khewra mines: A salt wonder for tourists, https://www.dawn.com/news/1507289, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Kuter, N. (2007). Çankırı kenti ve çevresinin turizm açısından değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(11), 71-77.
  • Outhwaite, A. (November, 2023). Visiting Khewra salt mines, himalayan salt mine in Pakistan, https://alifewelltravelled.co.uk/2019/09/21/visiting-khewra-salt-mines-himalayan-salt-mine-in-pakistan/, Access Date:25.11.2023.
  • Özdemir E., Erdal K., Veziroğlu F & Ateş, S.S. (2022). Tuz mağaralarında sırt çantası lidar sisteminin 3b model üretiminde kullanılması; Tuzluca, Iğdır örneği. Türkiye Uzaktan Algılama Dergisi, 4(1), 36-42.
  • Öztürk, A., & Öztürk, Y. (2018). Rekreasyonel etkinlik bağlamında tuz mağaralarının kullanımı. Uluslararası Beden Eğitimi, Spor, Rekreasyon ve Dans Kongresi “Sporda Küresel Hedefler, p.p.64-77
  • Pakıstan Mıneral Development Corporatıon (2024). Tourist Attraction. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://pmdc.gov.pk/tourist/
  • Paliparan (2024). Slanic Salt Mine: A Visit 208 Metres Underground. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://paliparan.com/2023/04/11/slanic-salt-mine/
  • Romanian Monasteries (2024). Slanic Prahova, salt mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.romanianmonasteries.org/romania/salt-mine-slanic
  • Salina Praid (2024). Presentation Salt Mine Praid. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salinapraid.ro/presentation
  • Salina Turda (2024). Theresa Mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salinaturda.eu/en/locatie/terezia-mine/
  • Salzbergwerk (2024). The salt mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.salzbergwerk.de/en/service/press/press-images
  • Şahbaz, R.P. & Karaçar, E. (2013). Yerel çekiciliklerin turizme kazandırılmasına yönelik yöre halkının tutumları: Çankırı Tuz Mağarası Örneği. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 1(4), 12-19.
  • Şimşek, O. (2020). Nahcivan duzdağin sağlik turizm potansiyeli. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (25), 21-38.
  • The Azerbaijan State News Agency (2024). Duzdag cave of Nakhchivan. Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Duzdag_cave_of_Nakhchivan-2041958
  • Timur, U.P., Orhan, M. & Aksüt, A. (2014). Çankırı kaya tuzu mağarasının ve yakın çevresinin turizm ve rekreasyonel amaçlı kullanımının irdelenmesi. Ormancılık Dergisi, 10(1), 97-113.
  • Tontuş, H. Ö. (2017). Sağlık turizm nedir?, http://www.saturk.gov.tr/images/pdf/tyst/02.pdf, Acces Date:25.12.2023.
  • Tuna, H. (2022). Türkiye’deki Mağaraların Sağlık Turizmi Kapsamında İncelenmesi (Investıgatıon of Caves in Turkey Within The Scope of Health Tourism). Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 10(3), 1829-1843.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), (June, 2024). Turizm istatistikleri. Retrieved August 5, 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turizm-Istatistikleri-IV.-Ceyrek:-Ekim---Aralik,-2023-53661
  • Yurdakul, F., & Özgencil, G. (2017). Türkiye’deki turizm gelirinin belirleyicileri ve alternatif turizm gelirlerinin önemi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 173-186.
  • Zamfira, V. (2024). Slanic Prahova Salt Mine Museum. Retrieved August 5, 2024. https://mainlymuseums.com/post/1065/slanic-prahova-salt-mine-museum/
  • Wieliczka (2024). The Wieliczka Salt Mine. Retrieved August 5, 2024. fromhttps://www.wieliczka-saltmine.com/individual-tourist/tourist-route
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Recreation Management, Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Contents
Authors

Selim Kartal 0000-0003-4269-0786

Tümay Güneş 0000-0002-0345-4900

Early Pub Date October 21, 2024
Publication Date October 16, 2024
Submission Date May 7, 2024
Acceptance Date October 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Sustainability, Innovation and Changing Dynamics in Tourism: From Local to Global

Cite

APA Kartal, S., & Güneş, T. (2024). Evaluation of Çankırı and Iğdır salt caves within the scope of health and recreation tourism. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism(Special Issue 2 - Sustainability, Innovation and Changing Dynamics in Tourism: From Local to Global), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-SP-2-93



88x31.png   All the contents of this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License (From September 2022) and available as full open access.

© Copyrights of all contents published in this journal are retained by their author(s).