Research Article

The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold

Volume: 3 Number: 2 December 31, 2021
EN TR

The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold

Abstract

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field for the design of functional constructs that aid to repair damaged or diseased tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a growing technology that offers new opportunities for tissue engineering. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a member of the polyurethane class. TPUs are commonly used in medical applications with their biocompatible, superior mechanical properties and shape memory behavior. Macrophages are key regulators of tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and regeneration. They play crucial roles in initial immune response to implants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the viability, adhesion, and distribution properties of human THP-1 macrophages seeded on 3D printed TPU scaffolds in vitro. The expression of CD68 and CD10 was also analyzed in human THP-1 macrophages on 3D TPU scaffolds. THP-1 macrophages treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were seeded on 3D TPU scaffolds or tissue culture plastic plates as control and cultured for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. 3D TPU scaffolds were prepared using a custom made fused deposition modeling printer. The cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay on days 1 and 3. The cell adhesion was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell distribution was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Expression of CD10 and CD68 was analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The viability of THP-1 macrophages on 3D TPU scaffolds was lower than their control groups on days 1 and 3. SEM images showed THP-1 macrophage attachment on the 3D TPU scaffold surface with round and elongated morphologies. H&E staining demonstrated that THP-1 macrophages showed eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei. CD68 staining was more intense in THP-1 macrophages on 3D TPU scaffolds on day 3 compared to days 1, 7 and 14. CD10 staining was more intense on day 1 compared to days 3, 7, and 14. Our results show that 3D TPU scaffolds are biocompatible with macrophages and might be a potential biomaterial for medical applications.

Keywords

References

  1. Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering. Science. 1993;260:920-6.
  2. Richards DJ, Tan Y, Jia J, Yao H, Mei Y. 3D Printing for tissue engineering. Isr J Chem. 2013;53:805-14.
  3. Harynska A, Kucinska-Lipka J, Sulowska A, Gubanska I, Kostrzewa M, Janik H. Medical-Grade PCL based polyurethane system for FDM 3D Printing-Characterization and Fabrication. Materials (Basel). 2019 Mar 16;12:887.
  4. Joseph J, Patel RM, Wenham A, Smith JR. Biomedical applications of polyurethane materials and coatings. Trans Inst Met Finish. 2018;96:121-29.
  5. Xiao J, Gao Y. The manufacture of 3D printing of medical grade TPU. Prog Addit Manuf 2017; 2: 117-123.
  6. Anderson JM. Biological responses to materials. Annu Rev Mater Res 2001; 3: 81-110.
  7. Martin KE, García AJ. Macrophage phenotypes in tissue repair and the foreign body response: Implications for biomaterial-based regenerative medicine strategies. Acta Biomaterialia 2021;133:4-16.
  8. Farrugia BL, Brown TD, Upton Z, Hutmacher DW, Dalton PD, Dargaville TR. Dermal fibroblast infiltration of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds fabricated by melt electrospinning in a direct writing mode. Biofabrication. 2013;5: 025001.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Biomedical Engineering , Tissue Engineering , Biomaterial

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2021

Submission Date

December 24, 2021

Acceptance Date

January 9, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Volume: 3 Number: 2

APA
Yuksel Egrılmez, M., Karabay, U., Aydemir, S., Baykara, B., & Husemoglu, R. B. (2021). The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology, 3(2), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.51934/jomit.1042774
AMA
1.Yuksel Egrılmez M, Karabay U, Aydemir S, Baykara B, Husemoglu RB. The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology. 2021;3(2):40-45. doi:10.51934/jomit.1042774
Chicago
Yuksel Egrılmez, Mehtap, Ufkay Karabay, Selma Aydemir, Başak Baykara, and R. Bugra Husemoglu. 2021. “The Cellular Responses of Human Macrophages Seeded on 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane Scaffold”. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology 3 (2): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.51934/jomit.1042774.
EndNote
Yuksel Egrılmez M, Karabay U, Aydemir S, Baykara B, Husemoglu RB (December 1, 2021) The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology 3 2 40–45.
IEEE
[1]M. Yuksel Egrılmez, U. Karabay, S. Aydemir, B. Baykara, and R. B. Husemoglu, “The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold”, Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 40–45, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.51934/jomit.1042774.
ISNAD
Yuksel Egrılmez, Mehtap - Karabay, Ufkay - Aydemir, Selma - Baykara, Başak - Husemoglu, R. Bugra. “The Cellular Responses of Human Macrophages Seeded on 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane Scaffold”. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology 3/2 (December 1, 2021): 40-45. https://doi.org/10.51934/jomit.1042774.
JAMA
1.Yuksel Egrılmez M, Karabay U, Aydemir S, Baykara B, Husemoglu RB. The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology. 2021;3:40–45.
MLA
Yuksel Egrılmez, Mehtap, et al. “The Cellular Responses of Human Macrophages Seeded on 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane Scaffold”. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, Dec. 2021, pp. 40-45, doi:10.51934/jomit.1042774.
Vancouver
1.Mehtap Yuksel Egrılmez, Ufkay Karabay, Selma Aydemir, Başak Baykara, R. Bugra Husemoglu. The cellular responses of human macrophages seeded on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane scaffold. Journal of Medical Innovation and Technology. 2021 Dec. 1;3(2):40-5. doi:10.51934/jomit.1042774

Cited By