Retinopati düzeyine göre tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda santral ve periferik sinir iletiminin elektrofizyolojik değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında görsel uyarılmış potansiyel (VEP) ve sinir iletim çalışmaları kullanılarak santral ve periferik sinir iletimini değerlendirmek ve bu parametrelerin diyabet süresi ile diyabetik retinopati şiddetiyle ilişkisini araştırmak. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif kesitsel çalışmaya, 100 T2DM hastası ve yaş-cinsiyet uyumlu 100 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Santral iletim için P100 latansı ölçülmüş, periferik iletim için tibial, ulnar ve sural sinirlerin distal latans, amplitüd ve ileti hızı parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde t-testi, Mann–Whitney U testi, Ki-kare testi, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: P100 latansı, diyabet grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede uzundu (113,07 ± 4,66 ms vs. 104,10 ± 3,25 ms; p<0,001). Tüm motor ve duysal sinirlerde distal latans uzaması, amplitüd azalması ve ileti hızında yavaşlama saptandı (tümü için p<0,001). Diyabet süresi ile P100 latansı veya sinir iletim parametreleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon bulunmadı (p>0,05). Retinopati şiddeti grupları arasında P100 latansı açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,094). Sonuç: Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda, diyabet süresi veya retinopati şiddetinden bağımsız olarak hem santral hem de periferik sinir iletim bozuklukları görülebilir. VEP ve sinir iletim çalışmalarının birlikte uygulanması, diyabetik nöropatilerin erken tanısında daha kapsamlı bir yaklaşım sağlayabilir.

Keywords

• tip 2 diyabet
• görsel uyarılmış potansiyeller
• periferal nöropati
• sinir iletim çalışmaları
• diyabetik retinopati

Electrophysiological evaluation of central and peripheral nerve conduction according to retinopathy level in type II diabetic patients

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate central and peripheral nerve conduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using visual evoked potentials (VEP) and nerve conduction studies, and to investigate their relationship with diabetes duration and diabetic retinopathy severity. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 100 T2DM patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. P100 latency was measured for central conduction, while distal latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity of the tibial, ulnar, and sural nerves were assessed for peripheral conduction. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman’s correlations. Results: P100 latency was significantly prolonged in the diabetic group compared with controls (113.07±4.66 ms vs. 104.10±3.25 ms; p<0.001). All motor and sensory nerves exhibited prolonged distal latencies, reduced amplitudes, and slower conduction velocities (p<0.001 for all). No significant correlation was found between diabetes duration and either P100 latency or nerve conduction parameters (p>0.05). P100 latency did not significantly differ between retinopathy severity groups (p=0.094). Conclusion: Both central and peripheral nerve conduction abnormalities are present in T2DM patients, independent of diabetes duration or retinopathy severity. Combined VEP and nerve conduction studies may provide a more comprehensive approach for the early detection of diabetic neuropathies.

Keywords

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• visual evoked potentials
• peripheral neuropathy
• nerve conduction studies
• diabetic retinopathy

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