Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde influenza ve pnömokok aşılanma durumu

Abstract

Amaç Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), morbidite ve mortalitenin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir ve akut alevlenmeler sıklıkla bakteriyel ve viral enfeksiyonlarla tetiklenir. İnfluenza ve pnömokok aşıları güçlü şekilde önerilen koruyucu stratejiler olmasına rağmen aşılama oranları düşük kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, KOAH hastalarında yıllık aşılama oranlarını ve hastalık şiddeti ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem Eylül 2024 - Mart 2025 tarihleri arasında Samsun Üniversitesi Samsun Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde retrospektif bir analiz gerçekleştirildi. GOLD 2024 kriterlerine göre KOAH tanısı almış toplam 714 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Demografik veriler, influenza ve pnömokok aşılanma durumları ve GOLD sınıflaması (Grup A, B, E) kaydedildi. Aşılama oranları yaş, cinsiyet ve GOLD evresine göre Ki-kare testi ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular 714 hastanın (ortalama yaş 62,3±9,3 yıl; %91,5 erkek) %18,5’i influenza ve %41,7’si pnömokok aşısı yaptırmıştı. İnfluenza aşılanma oranı ≥65 yaşındaki hastalarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (%25,2’ye karşı %13,1; p<0,001). Pnömokok aşılanması kadınlarda (%55,7’ye karşı %40,4; p=0,02), ≥65 yaş hastalarda (%58,7’ye karşı %28,2; p<0,001) ve GOLD Grup E’de (%50,7’ye karşı %39,6 ve %39,1; p=0,042) daha sıktı. Sonuç Kanıtlanmış yararlarına rağmen KOAH hastalarında aşılama oranları uluslararası hedeflerin altında kalmaktadır. Daha ileri yaşta ve hastalığı daha ağır olanlarda aşılama oranları daha yüksek bulunmasına rağmen genel kapsayıcılık yetersizdir. Bu yüksek riskli grupta morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltmak için hem poliklinik hem de birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde aşılama uygulamalarını güçlendirecek stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.

Keywords

• Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı
• Pnömokok Aşısı
• İnfluenza Aşısı

Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Aims: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with acute exacerbations frequently triggered by bacterial and viral infections. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are strongly recommended preventive strategies, yet vaccination rates remain low. This study aimed to investigate annual vaccination rates and their association with disease severity in COPD patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at Samsun University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital between September 2024 and March 2025. A total of 714 patients diagnosed with COPD according to GOLD 2024 criteria were included. Demographic data, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status, and GOLD classification (groups A, B, E) were recorded. Vaccination rates were compared by age, sex, and GOLD stage using Chi-square tests. Results: Of 714 patients (mean age 62.3±9.3 years; 91.5% male), 18.5% had received influenza and 41.7% pneumococcal vaccination. Influenza vaccination was significantly higher in patients aged ≥65 years (25.2% vs. 13.1%; p<0.001). Pneumococcal vaccination was more frequent among women (55.7% vs. 40.4%; p=0.02), in patients aged ≥65 years (58.7% vs. 28.2%; p<0.001), and in GOLD group E (50.7% vs. 39.6% and 39.1%; p=0.042). Conclusion: Vaccination rates among COPD patients remain below international targets despite proven benefits. Higher uptake was observed in elderly patients and those with severe disease, yet overall coverage is insufficient. Strategies to strengthen vaccination practices in both outpatient and primary care settings are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high risk group.

Keywords

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• pneumococcal vaccination
• influenza vaccination

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