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Erken membran rüptürü olan ve doğum eyleminin indüklendiği multipar hastalarda erken ve geç epidural analjezinin karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 629 - 634, 27.12.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Epidural analjezi (EA) indüklenen doğumlarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır; bununla beraber term gebelikte erken membran rüptürü (EMR) olan multipar hastalarda uygulamanın en uygun zamanlaması belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada, erken ve geç EA başlanmasının sonuçlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler: EMR nedeniyle oksitosin indüksiyonu uygulanan ve EA’yi tercih eden multipar hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar EA zamanlamasına göre iki gruba ayrıldı: erken (servikal dilatasyon ≤4 cm) ve geç (>4 cm). Erken EA alan 63 hasta Grup A’yı, geç EA alan 65 hasta Grup B’yi oluşturdu. Sonuç ölçütleri; doğum evrelerinin süreleri, sezaryen ve alet operatif vajinal doğum oranları, perineal yırtıklar ile ağrı, anksiyete ve memnuniyet puanlarını içeriyordu.
Bulgular: EA sonrası ağrı puanları Grup B’de anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (2,89±1,70 vs 2,13±1,40; p=0,006). Çoklu karşılaştırma düzeltmesi (FDR %5) sonrasında, epidural sonrası ağrıdaki gruplar arası yalnızca bu fark anlamlılığını korudu; diğer ikincil karşılaştırmalar anlamlı değildi. Doğumun aktif fazı Grup B’de daha kısaydı (95,43±38,35 dakika / 117,67±47,27 dakika, p=0,011); ikinci evrede ise anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,248). Memnuniyet oranları Grup A’da daha yüksek olmakla birlikte (%,81,0’e karşı %70,8) bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi.
Sonuç: Geç EA, daha yüksek ağrı puanları ancak daha kısa aktif faz ile ilişkiliydi. Erken EA, daha yüksek memnuniyet eğilimi gösterdi. EMR’de hem oksitosin indüksiyonu hem de EA uygulanabilir seçeneklerdir. EA zamanlamasına ilişkin seçenekler hastayla paylaşılmalı ve bilgilendirilmiş ortak karar alma süreci desteklenmelidir.

References

  • Zha Y, Gong X, Yang C, et al. Epidural analgesia during labor and its optimal initiation time-points: a real-world study on 400 Chinese nulliparas. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(9):e24923. doi:10.1097/MD. 0000000000024923
  • Wong CA, Scavone BM, Peaceman AM, et al. The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(7):655-665. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042573
  • Ohel G, Gonen R, Vaida S, Barak S, Gaitini L. Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(3):600-605. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.821
  • Stocki D, Matot I, Einav S, Eventov-Friedman S, Ginosar Y, Weiniger CF. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and respiratory effects of patient-controlled intravenous remifentanil analgesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring women. Anesth Analg. 2014; 118(3):589-597. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7cd1b
  • Lipschuetz M, Nir EA, Cohen SM, et al. Cervical dilation at the time of epidural catheter insertion is not associated with the degree of prolongation of the first or second stages of labor, or the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(8): 1039-1049. doi:10.1111/aogs.13822
  • Lieberman E. No free lunch on labor day. The risks and benefits of epidural analgesia during labor. J Nurse Midwifery. 1999;44(4):394-398. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(99)00057-9
  • Pourali L, Saghafi N, Eslami Hasan Abadi S, Tara F, Vatanchi AM, Motamedi E. Induction of labour in term premature rupture of membranes; oxytocin versus sublingual misoprostol; a randomised clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(2):167-171. doi:10.1080/01443615. 2017.1329284
  • Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(3):179-193. doi:10.1016/ j.ajog.2014.01.026
  • Obstetric care consensus no. 1: safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(3):693-711. doi:10.1097/01.AOG. 0000444441.04111.1d
  • Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACoOaGCoP. ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 49, December 2003: dystocia and augmentation of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(6):1445-1454. doi:10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.10.011
  • Sng BL, Leong WL, Zeng Y, et al. Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(10): CD007238. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007238.pub2
  • Wassen MM, Zuijlen J, Roumen FJ, Smits LJ, Marcus MA, Nijhuis JG. Early versus late epidural analgesia and risk of instrumental delivery in nulliparous women: a systematic review. BJOG. 2011;118(6):655-661. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02906.x
  • Fernandes S, Galacho J, Borrego A, Pereira D, Lanca F, Ormonde L. Impact of labor epidural analgesia on maternal satisfaction and childbirth expectations in a tertiary care center in Portugal: a prospective study. Acta Med Port. 2021;34(4):272-277. doi:10.20344/amp.13599
  • Gambling D, Berkowitz J, Farrell TR, Pue A, Shay D. A randomized controlled comparison of epidural analgesia and combined spinal-epidural analgesia in a private practice setting: pain scores during first and second stages of labor and at delivery. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(3):636-643. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827e4e29
  • Stourac PSH, Stodulkova M, Huser M, et al. Comparison of parturient-controlled remifentanil with epidural bupivacain and sufentanil for labour analgesia: randomised controlled trial. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014;158(2):227-232. doi:10.5507/bp.2012.073
  • Fumic Dunkic L, Vuletic G. Pain and anxiety experience in the choice of epidural analgesia in delivery. Acta Clin Croat. 2022;60(3):399-405. doi: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.03.09

Comparison of early vs late epidural analgesia in induced labor for multiparous patients with premature rupture of membranes

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 629 - 634, 27.12.2025

Abstract

Aims: Epidural analgesia (EA) is widely used during induced labor, yet its optimal timing in multiparous term premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is uncertain. This study aimed to compare outcomes of early and late epidural initiation.
Methods: The study included multiparous patients who underwent oxytocin induction due to PROM and opted for EA. They were grouped based on EA timing: early (≤4 cm cervical dilation) or late (>4 cm). 63 patients received early EA (Group A), and 65 received late EA (group B). Outcomes included labor durations, rates of cesarean and instrumental delivery, perineal tears, and pain, anxiety, and satisfaction scores.
Results: Post-EA pain scores were significantly higher in group B [3 (2–4)] than in group A [2 (1–3)] (p=0.006). After multiplicity control (FDR 5%), only this between-group difference in post-epidural pain remained significant; other secondary comparisons were not. The active phase of labor was shorter in group B [85 (64–125) min] than in group A [114 (80–150) min] (p=0.011), while the second stage showed no significant difference (p=0.248). Satisfaction rates were higher in group A (81% vs. 70.8%), though this was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Late EA was associated with higher pain scores but a shorter active phase. Early EA showed a trend toward higher satisfaction. Both oxytocin induction and EA are viable options in PROM, and timing considerations should be discussed with patients to facilitate informed decision-making.

References

  • Zha Y, Gong X, Yang C, et al. Epidural analgesia during labor and its optimal initiation time-points: a real-world study on 400 Chinese nulliparas. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(9):e24923. doi:10.1097/MD. 0000000000024923
  • Wong CA, Scavone BM, Peaceman AM, et al. The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(7):655-665. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042573
  • Ohel G, Gonen R, Vaida S, Barak S, Gaitini L. Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia in labor: does it increase the risk of cesarean section? A randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(3):600-605. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.821
  • Stocki D, Matot I, Einav S, Eventov-Friedman S, Ginosar Y, Weiniger CF. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and respiratory effects of patient-controlled intravenous remifentanil analgesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring women. Anesth Analg. 2014; 118(3):589-597. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7cd1b
  • Lipschuetz M, Nir EA, Cohen SM, et al. Cervical dilation at the time of epidural catheter insertion is not associated with the degree of prolongation of the first or second stages of labor, or the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99(8): 1039-1049. doi:10.1111/aogs.13822
  • Lieberman E. No free lunch on labor day. The risks and benefits of epidural analgesia during labor. J Nurse Midwifery. 1999;44(4):394-398. doi:10.1016/s0091-2182(99)00057-9
  • Pourali L, Saghafi N, Eslami Hasan Abadi S, Tara F, Vatanchi AM, Motamedi E. Induction of labour in term premature rupture of membranes; oxytocin versus sublingual misoprostol; a randomised clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(2):167-171. doi:10.1080/01443615. 2017.1329284
  • Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(3):179-193. doi:10.1016/ j.ajog.2014.01.026
  • Obstetric care consensus no. 1: safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123(3):693-711. doi:10.1097/01.AOG. 0000444441.04111.1d
  • Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACoOaGCoP. ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 49, December 2003: dystocia and augmentation of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(6):1445-1454. doi:10.1016/j.obstetgynecol.2003.10.011
  • Sng BL, Leong WL, Zeng Y, et al. Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(10): CD007238. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007238.pub2
  • Wassen MM, Zuijlen J, Roumen FJ, Smits LJ, Marcus MA, Nijhuis JG. Early versus late epidural analgesia and risk of instrumental delivery in nulliparous women: a systematic review. BJOG. 2011;118(6):655-661. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02906.x
  • Fernandes S, Galacho J, Borrego A, Pereira D, Lanca F, Ormonde L. Impact of labor epidural analgesia on maternal satisfaction and childbirth expectations in a tertiary care center in Portugal: a prospective study. Acta Med Port. 2021;34(4):272-277. doi:10.20344/amp.13599
  • Gambling D, Berkowitz J, Farrell TR, Pue A, Shay D. A randomized controlled comparison of epidural analgesia and combined spinal-epidural analgesia in a private practice setting: pain scores during first and second stages of labor and at delivery. Anesth Analg. 2013;116(3):636-643. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827e4e29
  • Stourac PSH, Stodulkova M, Huser M, et al. Comparison of parturient-controlled remifentanil with epidural bupivacain and sufentanil for labour analgesia: randomised controlled trial. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014;158(2):227-232. doi:10.5507/bp.2012.073
  • Fumic Dunkic L, Vuletic G. Pain and anxiety experience in the choice of epidural analgesia in delivery. Acta Clin Croat. 2022;60(3):399-405. doi: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.03.09
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Koray Özbay 0000-0002-1640-3176

Deniz Turan 0000-0002-2215-0531

Elif Malçok 0000-0002-8781-1054

Submission Date October 14, 2025
Acceptance Date October 30, 2025
Publication Date December 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 6

Cite

AMA Özbay K, Turan D, Malçok E. Comparison of early vs late epidural analgesia in induced labor for multiparous patients with premature rupture of membranes. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. December 2025;6(6):629-634.

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Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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