Research Article
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“Yaşlı hastalarda ERCP: büyük bir tek merkezli çalışmada işlemsel zorluklar ve güvenliğin kapsamlı değerlendirilmesi”

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 673 - 678, 27.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1810789

Abstract

Arka Plan

Endoskopik retrograd kolanjiyopankreatografi (ERCP), biliyer ve pankreatik hastalıkların tanı ve tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Küresel nüfusun giderek yaşlanmasıyla birlikte, yaşlı ve ileri yaşlı hastalarda ERCP uygulamaları artmaktadır. İleri yaş, advers olaylar için bir risk faktörü olarak öne sürülse de, özellikle 75 yaş ve üzeri hastalarda veriler çelişkilidir.

Yöntemler

2021–2024 yılları arasında üçüncü basamak bir sağlık merkezinde ERCP uygulanan 943 hasta retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Hastalar genç (<65 yaş), yaşlı (≥65 yaş) ve ileri yaşlı (≥75 yaş) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Demografik özellikler, komorbiditeler, işlemsel değişkenler ve post-ERCP komplikasyonları kaydedildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde yaş grupları arasındaki sonuçlar karşılaştırıldı ve komplikasyonlarla ilişkili belirleyici faktörler araştırıldı.

Bulgular

Toplam 943 hastadan 904’ü nihai analize dahil edildi (%43,6 erkek; ortalama yaş 59,7 ± 18,0 yıl). En sık endikasyon koledokolitiazis idi (%85,6). Kanülasyon başarısı %94,9 olup, ortalama işlem süresi 27,4 ± 8,5 dakika olarak bulundu. Genel komplikasyon oranı %21,8 olup, en sık görülen komplikasyon post-ERCP pankreatitiydi (%15,2). Yaşlı hastalarda (≥65 yaş), genç hastalara göre hastanede yatış süresi (10,4’e karşı 8,0 gün; p<0,001) ve işlem süresi (28,6’ya karşı 26,5 dakika; p<0,001) anlamlı olarak daha uzundu. Ancak komplikasyon oranları açısından fark saptanmadı (%23,9’a karşı %20,1; p=0,17). Benzer şekilde, 75 yaş ve üzeri hastalarda komplikasyon oranı 75 yaş altı gruba göre daha yüksek değildi (%23,4’e karşı %21,4; p=0,50). Buna karşılık, uzamış kanülasyon süresi (>10 dakika) ve kolesistektomi öyküsü, artmış komplikasyon riski ile anlamlı ilişki gösterdi (sırasıyla p<0,001 ve p=0,02).

Sonuç

Yaşlı ve ileri yaşlı hastalarda ERCP, daha uzun işlem ve hastanede yatış süresiyle ilişkili olmakla birlikte, komplikasyon oranlarını artırmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, ileri yaş tek başına ERCP için kontrendikasyon olarak değerlendirilmemelidir. Advers sonuçların öngörülmesinde, yaş faktöründen ziyade kanülasyon süresi ve teknik zorluk gibi işleme bağlı değişkenler daha belirleyici görünmektedir. Bu bulgular, deneyimli endoskopistler tarafından uygulandığında ileri yaşta ERCP’nin güvenli olduğunu desteklemektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüş ve Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Etik Kurulu tarafından 06.02.2025 tarihli, E-24-369 sayılı karar ile onaylanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın herhangi bir finansal destek almadığını beyan etmişlerdir

References

  • Day LW, Lin L, Somsouk M. Adverse events in older patients undergoing ERCP: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open. 2014; 2(1):E28-36. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1365281
  • Mashiana HS, Jayaraj M, Liu X, Mohan BP, Azab M, Ohning G. Safety of ERCP in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis: 837. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:pS471-S472.
  • Iqbal U, Anwar H, Khan MA, et al. Safety and Efficacy of ERCP in nonagenarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(4):1352-1361. doi:10.1007/s10620-021-06950-2
  • Finkelmeier F, Tal A, Ajouaou M, et al. ERCP in elderly patients: increased risk of sedation adverse events but low frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(6):1051-1059. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2015.04.032
  • Tabak F, Wang HS, Li QP, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in elderly patients: difficult cannulation and adverse events. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(14):2988-2999. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i14.2988
  • Galeazzi M, Mazzola P, Valcarcel B, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the elderly: results of a retrospective study and a geriatricians' point of view. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0764-4
  • Cotton PB, Lehman G, Vennes J, et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991;37(3):383-393. doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(91)70740-2
  • Kiriyama S, Kozaka K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25(1):17-30. doi:10.1002/jhbp.512
  • Wang L, Chen Z. Outcomes of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in elderly patients (≥80 years) with choledocholithiasis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Dig Dis. 2025:1-22. doi:10.1159/000548378
  • Li Z, Qiao Z, Wang W, Sun Y, Sun D, Sheng M. Breaking age barriers: the efficacy of ERCP in advanced age patients. BMC Surg. 2025;25(1):342. doi:10.1186/s12893-025-03083-5
  • Cankurtaran RE, Ersoy O. Comparative analysis of ERCP results in two elderly cohorts: late elderly and super-aged patients. J Contemp Med. 2025;15(1):49-55.
  • Baykan AR, Cerrah S, Çiftel S, Karahan B, Özdemir Y. Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients aged 85 years and older: a single center experience. Turk J Surg. 2021; 37(2):162-168. doi:10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.5166
  • Ding X, Zhang F, Wang Y. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2015;13(4):218-229. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2014.11.005
  • Lou L, Wang X, Zhang Y, et al. Prolonged cannulation time is an independent risk factor for moderate-to-severe post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis: a large cohort study. Ann Transl Med. 2023;11(5):188. doi:10.21037/atm-22-4697
  • Goodman AJ. Impact of difficult biliary cannulation on post-ERCP pancreatitis: who is high risk, and is it time for a paradigm shift? Gastrointest Endosc. 2025;101(3):629-631. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2024.11.009
  • Fung BM, Pitea TC, Tabibian JH. Difficult biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: definitions, risk factors, and implications. Eur Med J Hepatol. 2021;9(1):64-72.
  • Lee YS, Cho CM, Cho KB, et al. Difficult biliary cannulation from the perspective of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: identifying the optimal timing for the rescue cannulation technique. Gut Liver. 2021;15(3):459-465. doi:10.5009/gnl19304

ERCP in the elderly: a comprehensive evaluation of procedural challenges and safety in a large single-center study

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 673 - 678, 27.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1810789

Abstract

Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disorders. With the progressive aging of the global population, increasing numbers of elderly and very elderly patients undergo ERCP. While advanced age has been suggested as a risk factor for adverse events, data remain conflicting, particularly in patients aged ≥75 years.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 943 patients who underwent ERCP between 2021 and 2024 at a tertiary care center. Patients were stratified into younger (<65 years), elderly (≥65 years), and very elderly (≥75 years) groups. Demographics, comorbidities, procedural variables, and post-ERCP complications were recorded. Statistical analyses compared outcomes across age groups and identified predictors of complications.
Results: Of 943 patients, 904 were included in the final analysis (43.6% male; mean age 59.7±18.0 years). The most common indication was choledocholithiasis (85.6%). Cannulation was successful in 94.9% of patients, with a mean procedure time of 27.4±8.5 minutes. The overall complication rate was 21.8%, most commonly post-ERCP pancreatitis (15.2%). Compared to younger patients, those ≥65 years had significantly longer hospital stays (10.4 vs. 8.0 days, p<0.001) and procedure times (28.6 vs. 26.5 min, p<0.001). However, complication rates were not significantly different (23.9% vs. 20.1%, p=0.17). Similarly, patients ≥75 years did not have higher complication rates compared to those <75 years (23.4% vs. 21.4%, p=0.50). In contrast, prolonged cannulation time (>10 min) and history of cholecystectomy were significantly associated with increased complication risk (p<0.001 and p=0.02, respectively).
Conclusion: ERCP in elderly and very elderly patients is associated with longer procedural and hospitalization times, but not with increased complication rates. Advanced age alone should not be considered a contraindication for ERCP. Instead, procedure related factors such as cannulation duration and technical difficulty play a greater role in predicting adverse outcomes. These findings support the safety of ERCP in advanced age when performed by experienced endoscopists.

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ankara Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee under the decision number E-24-369, dated 06.02.2025.

Supporting Institution

The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • Day LW, Lin L, Somsouk M. Adverse events in older patients undergoing ERCP: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open. 2014; 2(1):E28-36. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1365281
  • Mashiana HS, Jayaraj M, Liu X, Mohan BP, Azab M, Ohning G. Safety of ERCP in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis: 837. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:pS471-S472.
  • Iqbal U, Anwar H, Khan MA, et al. Safety and Efficacy of ERCP in nonagenarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67(4):1352-1361. doi:10.1007/s10620-021-06950-2
  • Finkelmeier F, Tal A, Ajouaou M, et al. ERCP in elderly patients: increased risk of sedation adverse events but low frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(6):1051-1059. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2015.04.032
  • Tabak F, Wang HS, Li QP, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in elderly patients: difficult cannulation and adverse events. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(14):2988-2999. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i14.2988
  • Galeazzi M, Mazzola P, Valcarcel B, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the elderly: results of a retrospective study and a geriatricians' point of view. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0764-4
  • Cotton PB, Lehman G, Vennes J, et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991;37(3):383-393. doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(91)70740-2
  • Kiriyama S, Kozaka K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018;25(1):17-30. doi:10.1002/jhbp.512
  • Wang L, Chen Z. Outcomes of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in elderly patients (≥80 years) with choledocholithiasis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Dig Dis. 2025:1-22. doi:10.1159/000548378
  • Li Z, Qiao Z, Wang W, Sun Y, Sun D, Sheng M. Breaking age barriers: the efficacy of ERCP in advanced age patients. BMC Surg. 2025;25(1):342. doi:10.1186/s12893-025-03083-5
  • Cankurtaran RE, Ersoy O. Comparative analysis of ERCP results in two elderly cohorts: late elderly and super-aged patients. J Contemp Med. 2025;15(1):49-55.
  • Baykan AR, Cerrah S, Çiftel S, Karahan B, Özdemir Y. Safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients aged 85 years and older: a single center experience. Turk J Surg. 2021; 37(2):162-168. doi:10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.5166
  • Ding X, Zhang F, Wang Y. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2015;13(4):218-229. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2014.11.005
  • Lou L, Wang X, Zhang Y, et al. Prolonged cannulation time is an independent risk factor for moderate-to-severe post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis: a large cohort study. Ann Transl Med. 2023;11(5):188. doi:10.21037/atm-22-4697
  • Goodman AJ. Impact of difficult biliary cannulation on post-ERCP pancreatitis: who is high risk, and is it time for a paradigm shift? Gastrointest Endosc. 2025;101(3):629-631. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2024.11.009
  • Fung BM, Pitea TC, Tabibian JH. Difficult biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: definitions, risk factors, and implications. Eur Med J Hepatol. 2021;9(1):64-72.
  • Lee YS, Cho CM, Cho KB, et al. Difficult biliary cannulation from the perspective of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: identifying the optimal timing for the rescue cannulation technique. Gut Liver. 2021;15(3):459-465. doi:10.5009/gnl19304
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yunus Halil Polat 0000-0002-2388-5388

Ahmet Yozgat 0000-0002-4414-9929

Submission Date October 25, 2025
Acceptance Date November 15, 2025
Publication Date December 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 6

Cite

AMA Polat YH, Yozgat A. ERCP in the elderly: a comprehensive evaluation of procedural challenges and safety in a large single-center study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. December 2025;6(6):673-678. doi:10.47582/jompac.1810789

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