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Yüksek riskli gebeliklerde genetik sonuç profillemesi: üçüncü basamak bir perinatoloji merkezinden invaziv prenatal tanı deneyimi

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 59 - 63, 20.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA83WZ93WR

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üçüncü basamak merkezimizde uygulanan invaziv prenatal tanı yöntemlerinin endikasyonlarını, tanısal getirisini ve perinatal sonuçlara etkisini değerlendirmek; ayrıca yüksek riskli gebeliklerde karyotip ve kromozomal mikroarray analizi (CMA) sonuçlarının klinik karar süreçlerine katkısını ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak tasarlanan çalışmaya, 2022–2025 yılları arasında amniyosentez, koryon villus örneklemesi (CVS) veya kordosentez uygulanan toplam 230 gebelik dahil edildi. Girişim endikasyonları, karyotip ve CMA bulguları ile perinatal sonuçlar kaydedildi. Sitogenetik ve genomik sonuçlar normal–anormal olarak sınıflandırılarak klinik değişkenlerle ilişkileri incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmada en sık uygulanan inaziv işlem amniyosentezdi; başlıca endikasyonlar ise tarama testlerinde yüksek risk ve yapısal anomalilerdi. Olguların %11,7’sinde anormal karyotip saptandı. CMA, özellikle yapısal anomalili fetüslerde ek tanısal katkı sağladı. Kromozomal veya klinik olarak anlamlı genomik bulgular ile gebelik sonlanımı arasında belirgin ilişki mevcuttu; ağır genetik tanı alan olgularda terminasyon oranı anlamlı şekilde yüksekti. CMA’sı normal olan ancak klinik şüphesi devam eden 12 olguda tüm ekzom dizilemesi (WES) önerildi ancak pratik nedenlerle uygulanamadı.
Sonuç: Bulgularımız, yüksek riskli gebeliklerin yönetiminde invaziv prenatal tanının merkezi rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Yapısal anomalili olgularda CMA’nın karyotipe göre belirgin ek tanı değeri bulunmakta olup, çalışmamızda karyotipi normal olan fetüslerin %8.2’sinde klinik olarak anlamlı CNV saptanmıştır. WES’in yaygınlaşması, tanısal boşlukların azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma, ülkemizde invaziv prenatal tanı pratiğine dair güncel ve gerçek yaşam verileri sunarak klinik karar süreçlerine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, İstanbul S.B.Ü. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylandı (Karar No: KAEK/2025.07.178). Çalışma retrospektif olarak yürütüldüğü için katılımcılardan ek bir aydınlatılmış onam alınmadı. Tüm veriler anonimleştirilmiş kayıtlar üzerinden değerlendirildi ve gizlilik ilkelerine uygun biçimde analiz edildi.

References

  • Zemet R, Maktabi MA, Tinfow A, et al. Amniocentesis in pregnancies at or beyond 24 weeks: an international multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025;232(4):402.e1-402.e16. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.06.025
  • Committee Opinion No.682: Microarrays and next-generation sequencing technology: the use of advanced genetic diagnostic tools in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(6):e262-268. doi:10. 1097/AOG.0000000000001817
  • Ghi T, Sotiriadis A, Calda P, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis: ISUOG Guidelines. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(2):256-268. doi:10.1002/uog.15945
  • Lord J, McMullan DJ, Eberhardt RY, et al. Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study. Lancet. 2019;393(10173):747-757. doi:10.1016/S 0140-6736(18)31940-8
  • Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(23):2175-2184. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203382
  • Xue S, Liu Y, Wang L, et al. Clinical application of chromosome microarray analysis and karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis in Northwest China. Front Genet. 2024;15:1347942. doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1347942
  • Kim N, Joo EH, Kim S, et al. Comparative analysis of obstetric, perinatal, and neurodevelopmental outcomes following chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. Front Med. 2024;11:1407710. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1407710
  • Lee JY, Kwon JY, Na S, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for prenatal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing from Korean Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine: (2) invasive diagnostic testing for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. J Korean Med Sci. 2021;36(4):e26. doi:10.3346/ jkms.2021.36.e26
  • Gupta T, Dadhwal V, Rana A, et al. Exploring the safety and diagnostic utility of amniocentesis after 24 weeks of gestation: a retrospective analysis. J Perinat Med. 2025;53(3):311-315. doi:10.1515/jpm-2024-0434
  • Arslanoğlu T, Alpay V, Özyılmaz İ. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes of absent pulmonary valve syndrome: a case series with genetic and hemodynamic insights. Eur Res J. 2025;11(6):1108-1116. doi: 10.18621/eurj.1741967
  • Świetlicki A, Gutaj P, Iciek R, Awdi K, Paluszkiewicz-Kwarcińska A, Wender-Ożegowska E. Invasive prenatal diagnostics: a cornerstone of perinatal management. Appl Sci. 2024;14(16):6915. doi:10.3390/app 14166915
  • Podobnik P, Podobnik M, Bertovic-Zunec I, et al. Accuracy and safety of late chorionic villus sampling in high-risk pregnancies in 8599 cases. Genes. 2025;16(8):860. doi:10.3390/genes16080860
  • Salomon LJ, Sotiriadis A, Wulff CB, Odibo A, Akolekar R. Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling: systematic review of literature and updated meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;54(4):442-451. doi:10.1002/uog.20353
  • Xia M, Yang X, Fu J, Teng Z, Lv Y, Yu L. Application of chromosome microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):696. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03368-y

Profiling genetic outcomes in high-risk pregnancies: invasive prenatal diagnostics from a tertiary maternal–fetal medicine unit

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 59 - 63, 20.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA83WZ93WR

Abstract

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the indications, diagnostic yield, and impact on perinatal outcomes of invasive prenatal diagnostic methods performed at our tertiary care center and to demonstrate the contribution of karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) results to clinical decision-making processes in high-risk pregnancies.
Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 230 pregnancies that underwent amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or cordocentesis between 2022 and 2025. Indications for the procedures, karyotype and CMA findings, and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Cytogenetic and genomic results were classified as normal or abnormal, and their relationships with clinical variables were examined.
Results: Amniocentesis was the most frequently performed invasive procedure in this study; the main indications were high risk in screening tests and structural anomalies. An abnormal karyotype was detected in 11.7% of the patients. CMA identified additional findings in 8.2% of karyotype-normal fetuses, mainly in those with structural anomalies. Pregnancy termination was more frequent in cases with severe genetic diagnoses.
Conclusion: Invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures remain a key part of the evaluation of high-risk pregnancies. In our cohort, CMA identified clinically significant copy number variants in 8.2% of fetuses with normal karyotypes, particularly in those with structural anomalies. These findings reflect routine clinical practice and show how genetic results directly influence pregnancy management decisions.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul S.B.U. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital (Decision No: KAEK/2025.07.178). Since the study was conducted retrospectively, no additional informed consent was obtained from the participants. All the data were evaluated via anonymized records and analyzed in accordance with privacy principles.

References

  • Zemet R, Maktabi MA, Tinfow A, et al. Amniocentesis in pregnancies at or beyond 24 weeks: an international multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2025;232(4):402.e1-402.e16. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.06.025
  • Committee Opinion No.682: Microarrays and next-generation sequencing technology: the use of advanced genetic diagnostic tools in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(6):e262-268. doi:10. 1097/AOG.0000000000001817
  • Ghi T, Sotiriadis A, Calda P, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines: invasive procedures for prenatal diagnosis: ISUOG Guidelines. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(2):256-268. doi:10.1002/uog.15945
  • Lord J, McMullan DJ, Eberhardt RY, et al. Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study. Lancet. 2019;393(10173):747-757. doi:10.1016/S 0140-6736(18)31940-8
  • Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(23):2175-2184. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203382
  • Xue S, Liu Y, Wang L, et al. Clinical application of chromosome microarray analysis and karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis in Northwest China. Front Genet. 2024;15:1347942. doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1347942
  • Kim N, Joo EH, Kim S, et al. Comparative analysis of obstetric, perinatal, and neurodevelopmental outcomes following chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis. Front Med. 2024;11:1407710. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1407710
  • Lee JY, Kwon JY, Na S, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for prenatal aneuploidy screening and diagnostic testing from Korean Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine: (2) invasive diagnostic testing for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. J Korean Med Sci. 2021;36(4):e26. doi:10.3346/ jkms.2021.36.e26
  • Gupta T, Dadhwal V, Rana A, et al. Exploring the safety and diagnostic utility of amniocentesis after 24 weeks of gestation: a retrospective analysis. J Perinat Med. 2025;53(3):311-315. doi:10.1515/jpm-2024-0434
  • Arslanoğlu T, Alpay V, Özyılmaz İ. Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes of absent pulmonary valve syndrome: a case series with genetic and hemodynamic insights. Eur Res J. 2025;11(6):1108-1116. doi: 10.18621/eurj.1741967
  • Świetlicki A, Gutaj P, Iciek R, Awdi K, Paluszkiewicz-Kwarcińska A, Wender-Ożegowska E. Invasive prenatal diagnostics: a cornerstone of perinatal management. Appl Sci. 2024;14(16):6915. doi:10.3390/app 14166915
  • Podobnik P, Podobnik M, Bertovic-Zunec I, et al. Accuracy and safety of late chorionic villus sampling in high-risk pregnancies in 8599 cases. Genes. 2025;16(8):860. doi:10.3390/genes16080860
  • Salomon LJ, Sotiriadis A, Wulff CB, Odibo A, Akolekar R. Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling: systematic review of literature and updated meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;54(4):442-451. doi:10.1002/uog.20353
  • Xia M, Yang X, Fu J, Teng Z, Lv Y, Yu L. Application of chromosome microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):696. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03368-y
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğçe Arslanoğlu 0000-0003-1755-1274

Sezin Uludağ 0000-0002-9209-9065

Gülseren Göktolga 0009-0004-7855-8263

Deniz Kanber Açar 0000-0001-8072-2262

Submission Date November 19, 2025
Acceptance Date January 26, 2026
Publication Date February 20, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA83WZ93WR
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA 1.Arslanoğlu T, Uludağ S, Göktolga G, Açar DK. Profiling genetic outcomes in high-risk pregnancies: invasive prenatal diagnostics from a tertiary maternal–fetal medicine unit. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(1):59-63. https://izlik.org/JA83WZ93WR

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Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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