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Hemodiyaliz hastalarında CRP/Albümin oranı ve plazmanın aterojenik indeksinin tüm nedenlere ve kardiyovasküler mortaliteye etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 774 - 781, 27.12.2025

Abstract

Amaç:
Kardiyovasküler ve inflamatuvar risk, idame hemodiyaliz (HD) hastalarında mortalitenin temel belirleyicilerindendir. Lipid temelli indeksler, örneğin Plazma Aterojenik İndeksi (AIP), prognostik araçlar olarak önerilmiş olsa da, HD popülasyonlarındaki klinik değeri belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, AIP’nin prognostik değeri; inflamasyon-beslenme belirteci olan C-reaktif protein (CRP)/albümin oranı ve mortalite ile ilişkili diğer biyokimyasal göstergelerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yöntem:
Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasında, Ankara’daki iki merkezde tedavi gören 350 erişkin HD hastası Ocak 2022–Eylül 2025 tarihleri arasında izlenmiştir. Temel demografik, biyokimyasal ve diyaliz yeterliliği parametreleri elektronik tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edilmiştir. Türetilen değişkenler arasında AIP = log₁₀(trigliserid/HDL) ve CRP/albumin oranı yer almıştır. Mortalite belirteçleri lojistik regresyon ve Cox regresyon analizleriyle değerlendirilmiş, Kaplan–Meier eğrileriyle görselleştirilmiştir. Ayırt edicilik, alıcı işletim karakteristiği eğrisi altındaki alan (AUC) ve Harrell uyum indeksi (C-indeksi) ile ölçülmüştür.
Bulgular:
Medyan 45 aylık takip süresinde 90 ölüm (%25,7) meydana gelmiş olup bunların 33’ü kardiyovasküler nedenlere bağlıydı. Sağ kalmayan hastalar daha ileri yaşta olup daha yüksek inflamatuvar belirteçlere ve daha düşük beslenme göstergelerine sahipti. Çok değişkenli Cox modellerinde ileri yaş, daha yüksek serum fosfor düzeyi, daha düşük albümin ve daha düşük parathormon düzeyleri tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalitenin bağımsız belirleyicileri olarak saptandı. CRP/albümin oranı, tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalite ile bağımsız olarak ilişkiliydi (HR 1,48; %95 GA 1,13–1,93). Buna karşılık, AIP tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalite ile ilişkili bulunmazken, kardiyovasküler mortalite ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulundu.
Sonuç:
Bu kohortta, tüm nedenlere bağlı mortaliteyi lipid temelli indekslerden ziyade inflamasyon-beslenme ve mineral-kemik metabolizması belirteçleri belirlemiştir; AIP ise kardiyovasküler mortalite ile anlamlı bir ilişki göstermiştir. Bulgular, HD kohortlarında inflamasyon ve malnütrisyonun mortalitenin temel belirleyicileri olmaya devam ettiğini, AIP’nin klinik kullanımının ise daha çok kardiyovasküler sonlanımlarla sınırlı olabileceğini ve ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, Etlik Şehir Hastanesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Onay No: AEŞH-BADEK2-2025-599, tarih: 18.11.2025). Çalışmanın retrospektif tasarımı nedeniyle, yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onam gerekliliğinden etik kurul onayıyla muaf tutulmuştur.

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References

  • Boenink R, Bonthuis M, Boerstra BA, et al. The ERA Registry Annual Report 2022: Epidemiology of Kidney Replacement Therapy in Europe, with a focus on sex comparisons. Clin Kidney J. 2024;18(2):sfae405. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae405
  • Liabeuf S, Sajjad A, Kramer A, et al. Guideline attainment and morbidity/mortality rates in a large cohort of European haemodialysis patients (EURODOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(12):2105-2110. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz049
  • Ferreira ES, Moreira TR, da Silva RG, et al. Survival and analysis of predictors of mortality in patients undergoing replacement renal therapy: a 20-year cohort. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):502. doi:10.1186/s12882-020-02135-7
  • Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. Türkiye'de nefroloji, diyaliz ve transplantasyon REGISTRY 2024. Türk Nefroloji Derneği Yayınları. 2025.
  • Sasaki K, Shoji T, Kabata D, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation as predictors of mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients: the DREAM cohort. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2021;28(3):249-260. doi:10.5551/jat.56069
  • Cakmak U, Sevimli N, Akkaya S, Merhametsiz O. Prediction of mortality in hemodialysis patients using inflammation- and nutrition-based indices. J Personalized Med. 2025;15(10):489. doi:10.3390/jpm 15100489
  • Zhang Q, Lu C, Wu Z, et al. C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio as prognostic marker in hemodialysis patients with Omicron infection. Ren Fail. 2025;47(1):2512404. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2025.2512404
  • Chen X, Wang G, Yin X, Liu W, Huang H, Li D. Inflammatory and nutritional indices for overall survival in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2025;26(1):228. doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04121-3
  • Hu Y, Liang Y, Li J, Li X, Yu M, Cui W. Correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular disease risk across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24(1):40. doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02593-z
  • Lee MJ, Park JT, Han SH, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of mortality in incident dialysis patients: results from a nationwide prospective cohort in Korea. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0177499. doi:10. 1371/journal.pone.0177499
  • Wanner C, Tonelli M; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014;85(6):1303-1309. doi:10.1038/ki.2014.31
  • Fellström BC, Jardine AG, Schmieder RE, et al. Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14):1395-1407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0810177
  • Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:448-454.
  • Sheinenzon A, Shehadeh M, Michelis R, Shaoul E, Ronen O. Serum albumin levels and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;184:857-862. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.140
  • Kanda E, Muenz D, Bieber B, et al. Beta-2 microglobulin and all-cause mortality in the era of high-flux hemodialysis: results from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Clin Kidney J. 2020;14(5):1436-1442. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa155
  • Zhang J, Lu X, Li H, Wang S. Serum uric acid and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Purif. 2021;50(6):758-766. doi:10.1159/000513944
  • Dobiasova M. AIP--atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice. Vnitr Lek. 2006;52(1):64-71.
  • Pezeshgi A, Alemohammad Y, Tavasol A, et al. The association between the levels of serum phosphate and mortality rates in pre-dialysis and dialysis patients. Indian J Nephrol. 2025;35(4):485-489. doi:10.25259/ijn_398_23
  • Al Salmi I, Bieber B, Al Rukhaimi M, et al. Parathyroid hormone serum levels and mortality among hemodialysis patients in the gulf cooperation council countries: results from the DOPPS (2012-2018). Kidney360. 2020;1(10):1083-1090. doi:10.34067/KID.0000772020
  • Disthabanchong S, Vantanasiri K, Khunapornphairote S, Chansomboon P, Buachum N, Saeseow S. Severe hyperparathyroidism is associated with nutritional impairment in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front Nutr. 2022;9:933918. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.933918
  • Zhou X, Guo Y, Luo Y. The optimal range of serum intact parathyroid hormone for a lower risk of mortality in the incident hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2021;43(1):599-605. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2021. 1903927

Divergent prognostic roles of the CRP/albumin ratio and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in hemodialysis: all-cause and cardiovascular mortality

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 774 - 781, 27.12.2025

Abstract

Aims: Cardiovascular and inflammatory risk markers remain central to mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Although lipid-based indices such as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) have been proposed as prognostic tools, their utility in HD populations remains uncertain. This study compared the prognostic value of AIP with the inflammatory–nutritional biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio and other biochemical predictors of mortality.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 350 adult HD patients from two centers in Ankara, Turkiye were followed from January 2022 to September 2025. Baseline demographic, biochemical, and dialysis adequacy parameters were extracted from electronic medical records. Derived variables included AIP=log₁₀(triglyceride/HDL) and the CRP/albumin ratio. Mortality predictors were evaluated using logistic and Cox regression analyses and illustrated with Kaplan-Meier curves. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and Harrell's concordance index (C-index).
Results: During a median follow-up of 45 months, 90 deaths (25.7%) occurred, including 33 cardiovascular deaths. Non survivors were older and showed higher inflammatory markers and lower nutritional indices. In multivariable Cox models, older age, higher phosphate, lower albumin, and lower parathormone independently predicted all-cause mortality. The CRP/albumin ratio remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.93). In contrast, AIP was not associated with all-cause mortality but was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusion: In this cohort, inflammatory-nutritional and mineral-bone markers rather than lipid-based indices, determined all-cause mortality whereas AIP showed a statistically significant relationship with cardiovascular mortality. These findings highlight that inflammation and malnutrition remain significant drivers of mortality in HD cohorts, whereas the clinical utility of AIP may be more limited to cardiovascular results and warrants further investigation.

Ethical Statement

The ethical approvals for the study were obtained from Etlik City Hospital Ethics Committee (Approval Number:AEŞH-BADEK2-2025-599, date:18.11.2025). Written consent was waived with the approval of ethics committee due to the retrospective design of the study.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Boenink R, Bonthuis M, Boerstra BA, et al. The ERA Registry Annual Report 2022: Epidemiology of Kidney Replacement Therapy in Europe, with a focus on sex comparisons. Clin Kidney J. 2024;18(2):sfae405. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae405
  • Liabeuf S, Sajjad A, Kramer A, et al. Guideline attainment and morbidity/mortality rates in a large cohort of European haemodialysis patients (EURODOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(12):2105-2110. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz049
  • Ferreira ES, Moreira TR, da Silva RG, et al. Survival and analysis of predictors of mortality in patients undergoing replacement renal therapy: a 20-year cohort. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):502. doi:10.1186/s12882-020-02135-7
  • Ateş K, Seyahi N, Koçyiğit İ. Türkiye'de nefroloji, diyaliz ve transplantasyon REGISTRY 2024. Türk Nefroloji Derneği Yayınları. 2025.
  • Sasaki K, Shoji T, Kabata D, et al. Oxidative stress and inflammation as predictors of mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients: the DREAM cohort. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2021;28(3):249-260. doi:10.5551/jat.56069
  • Cakmak U, Sevimli N, Akkaya S, Merhametsiz O. Prediction of mortality in hemodialysis patients using inflammation- and nutrition-based indices. J Personalized Med. 2025;15(10):489. doi:10.3390/jpm 15100489
  • Zhang Q, Lu C, Wu Z, et al. C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio as prognostic marker in hemodialysis patients with Omicron infection. Ren Fail. 2025;47(1):2512404. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2025.2512404
  • Chen X, Wang G, Yin X, Liu W, Huang H, Li D. Inflammatory and nutritional indices for overall survival in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2025;26(1):228. doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04121-3
  • Hu Y, Liang Y, Li J, Li X, Yu M, Cui W. Correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular disease risk across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24(1):40. doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02593-z
  • Lee MJ, Park JT, Han SH, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of mortality in incident dialysis patients: results from a nationwide prospective cohort in Korea. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0177499. doi:10. 1371/journal.pone.0177499
  • Wanner C, Tonelli M; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014;85(6):1303-1309. doi:10.1038/ki.2014.31
  • Fellström BC, Jardine AG, Schmieder RE, et al. Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14):1395-1407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0810177
  • Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:448-454.
  • Sheinenzon A, Shehadeh M, Michelis R, Shaoul E, Ronen O. Serum albumin levels and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;184:857-862. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.140
  • Kanda E, Muenz D, Bieber B, et al. Beta-2 microglobulin and all-cause mortality in the era of high-flux hemodialysis: results from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Clin Kidney J. 2020;14(5):1436-1442. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa155
  • Zhang J, Lu X, Li H, Wang S. Serum uric acid and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Purif. 2021;50(6):758-766. doi:10.1159/000513944
  • Dobiasova M. AIP--atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk: from research to practice. Vnitr Lek. 2006;52(1):64-71.
  • Pezeshgi A, Alemohammad Y, Tavasol A, et al. The association between the levels of serum phosphate and mortality rates in pre-dialysis and dialysis patients. Indian J Nephrol. 2025;35(4):485-489. doi:10.25259/ijn_398_23
  • Al Salmi I, Bieber B, Al Rukhaimi M, et al. Parathyroid hormone serum levels and mortality among hemodialysis patients in the gulf cooperation council countries: results from the DOPPS (2012-2018). Kidney360. 2020;1(10):1083-1090. doi:10.34067/KID.0000772020
  • Disthabanchong S, Vantanasiri K, Khunapornphairote S, Chansomboon P, Buachum N, Saeseow S. Severe hyperparathyroidism is associated with nutritional impairment in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front Nutr. 2022;9:933918. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.933918
  • Zhou X, Guo Y, Luo Y. The optimal range of serum intact parathyroid hormone for a lower risk of mortality in the incident hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail. 2021;43(1):599-605. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2021. 1903927
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nefroloji
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arzu Akgül 0009-0007-8119-3893

Berrak Itır Aylı 0000-0002-0834-900X

Neriman Sıla Koç 0000-0002-4654-9002

Çiğdem Ikhlef 0000-0002-4355-9731

Project Number -
Submission Date November 22, 2025
Acceptance Date December 22, 2025
Publication Date December 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 6

Cite

AMA Akgül A, Aylı BI, Koç NS, Ikhlef Ç. Divergent prognostic roles of the CRP/albumin ratio and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in hemodialysis: all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. December 2025;6(6):774-781.

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1d)

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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