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Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında preeklampsiyi öngörmede eozinofil sayısı ve eozinofil bazlı tam kan hücresi indekslerinin rolü: bir vaka-kontrol çalışması

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 26 - 33, 20.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA25NC68ZL

Abstract

ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışma, birinci trimester eozinofiller ve eozinofil bazlı hematolojik indeksler ile preeklampsi gelişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, gebeliğin 6. ve 14. haftaları arasında tam kan sayımı yapılan, daha sonraki takiplerinde preeklampsi tanısı konulan ve merkezimizde doğum yapan 105 hamile kadın, 120 sağlıklı hamile kadınla karşılaştırıldı. Gruplar arasında demografik özellikler, hematolojik değerler, eozinofil bazlı indeksler ve perinatal sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Preeklampsi gelişimi ile ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmek için lojistik regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Ek olarak, preeklampsi gelişimi için bu indekslerin öngörücü performansını değerlendirmek için ROC analizi yapılmıştır.
Sonuçlar: Preeklampsi grubu ile sağlıklı kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında, medyan eozinofil sayısı (0.08'e karşı 0.10, p = 0.013), NER (nötrofil-eozinofil oranı) (76.00’ya karşı 60.50, p = 0.016), LER (lökosit-eozinofil oranı) (105.43’e karşı 91.35, p = 0.015), ELR (eozinofil-lenfosit oranı) (0.04’ e karşı 0.05, p = 0.010) ve EBR'de (eozinofil-bazofil oranı) (2.25’e karşı 3.00, p = 0.002) anlamlı farklılıklar gözlendi, ancak EMR (eozinofil-monosit oranı) açısından fark yoktu (p = 0.065). Çok değişkenli analizde, eozinofil sayısı (düzeltilmiş olasılık oranı [aOR] = 0.01, p = 0.048), EBR (aOR = 0.80, p = 0.003), EMR (aOR = 0.70, p = 0.038), NER (aOR = 1.00, p = 0.020) ve LER (aOR = 1.00, p = 0.017) preeklampsi gelişimi ile ilişkiliydi. ROC analizi, EBR'nin en ayırt edici eozinofil bazlı belirteç olduğunu ortaya koydu (Eğri altındaki alan [AUC] = 0.619). Şiddetli ve şiddetli olmayan preeklampsi grupları arasında eozinofil sayısı ve eozinofil bazlı hematolojik indeksler açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p > 0.05).
Sonuç: İlk trimesterde eozinofil sayısında ve eozinofil bazlı hematolojik oranlarda meydana gelen değişiklikler, preeklampsinin klinik başlangıcından önce ortaya çıkan bağışıklık sistemi anormalliklerini yansıtmaktadır. Özellikle düşük eozinofil, EBR, EMR parametreleri ve artmış NER ile LER değerleri preeklampsi riskinin erken göstergeleri olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu parametrelerin tek başına öngörü performansı sınırlıdır.

Ethical Statement

Etik Kurul Onayı Çalışma, Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi No. 2 Bilimsel Araştırma Değerlendirme ve Etik Kurulu'ndan resmi onay almıştır (Onay No: AEŞH-BADEK2-2025-581; Tarih: 14 Ekim 2025).

Supporting Institution

Mali Açıklama Yazarlar, bu çalışmanın herhangi bir mali destek almadığını beyan etmişlerdir.

References

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):e237-260. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003891
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. NICE Guideline NG133. London (UK): NICE; 2022.
  • World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
  • Tanner MS, Davey MA, Mol BW, Rolnik DL. Evolution of preeclampsia–eclampsia diagnostic criteria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(Suppl): S835-843. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.027
  • Cornelius DC. Preeclampsia: from inflammation to immunoregulation. Clin Med Insights Blood Disord. 2018;11:1179545X17752325. doi:10.1177/ 1179545X17752325
  • Shah DA, Khalil RA. Bioactive factors in uteroplacental and systemic circulation link placental ischemia to vascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015; 95(4):211-226. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.012
  • Silva JM, Costa AM, Tuna C, et al. Eosinopenia as a predictor of infection in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward: a cross-sectional study. Porto Biomed J. 2020;5(6):e084. doi:10.1097/j.pbj. 0000000000000084
  • Kim HJ, Jung Y. The emerging role of eosinophils as multifunctional leukocytes in health and disease. Immune Netw. 2020;20:e24. doi:10. 4110/in.2020.20.e24
  • Genc SO, Erdal H. Evaluating hematological inflammatory markers as predictors of preeclampsia. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2024;51(7):163. doi: 10.31083/j.ceog5107163
  • Polat M, Sapmaz MA, Erbey S, Kindan A, Ruzgar MS, Kahyaoglu I. Use of first trimester hemoglobin albumin lymphocyte platelet score and fibrinogen to albumin ratio in predicting preeclampsia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e43423. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000043423
  • Elmaraindy E, Alneel G, Alkhattat N, AlGadri T, AlBriakan N. Predictive values of platelet count, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022; 42(5):1011-1017. doi:10.1080/01443615.2021.1986476
  • Kang Q, Li W, Yu N, et al. Predictive role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia: meta-analysis including 3982 patients. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2020;20:111-118. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2020.03.009
  • Tanacan A, Sakcak B, Ipek G, et al. First trimester eosinophil count and eosinophil-based hematological indices in predicting preeclampsia: a case–control study. Placenta. 2023;143:16-21. doi:10.1016/j.placenta. 2023.09.011
  • Gelaw Y, Asrie F, Walle M, Getaneh Z. Value of eosinophil count in diagnosing preeclampsia among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:557. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04892-9
  • Cintesun E, Incesu Cintesun FN, Ezveci H, Akyurek F, Bayramoglu D, Celik C. Markers used for allergic diseases: can they be used in preeclampsia? J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;30(3):100-105. doi:10.5336/jcog.2020-74393
  • LaMarca B, Cornelius DC, Harmon AC, et al. Immune mechanisms mediating hypertension in preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016;311(1):R1-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2016
  • Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Kludka-Sternik M, Tabarkiewicz J, et al. Predominance of Th17 lymphocytes and decreased Treg function in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2012;93(2):75-81. doi:10.1016/j.jri. 2012.01.006
  • Puxeddu I, Alian A, Piliponsky AM, Ribatti D, Panet A, Levi-Schaffer F. Human peripheral blood eosinophils induce angiogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37(3):628-636. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.09.001
  • Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Foster PS. Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(1):9-22. doi:10.1038/nri3341
  • Spencer LA, Weller PF. Eosinophils and Th2 immunity: contemporary insights. Immunol Cell Biol. 2010;88(3):250-256. doi:10.1038/icb.2009.115
  • Ramirez GA, Yacoub MR, Ripa M, et al. Eosinophils from physiology to disease: a comprehensive review. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:9095275. doi:10.1155/2018/9095275
  • Soni M. Evaluation of eosinopenia as diagnostic and prognostic indicator in COVID-19. Int J Lab Hematol. 2021;43:137-141. doi:10.1111/ijlh.13425
  • Ugolini-Lopes MR, Torrezan GT, Gandara APR, et al. Enhanced type I interferon gene signature in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: association with early onset and preeclampsia. Autoimmun Rev. 2019; 18(4):393-398. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.11.004
  • Jonsson Y, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ernerudh J, Nieminen K, Ekerfelt C. Altered immune balance in preeclampsia: reduced IL-5 and IL-10 secretion and decreased basophils. J Reprod Immunol. 2005;66(1):69-84. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2005.02.002
  • Orgullu G, Aydin Hakli D, Ozten G, Fadiloglu E, Tanacan A, Beksac MS. First trimester complete blood cell indices in early and late onset preeclampsia. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;16(3):112-117. doi:10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.93708

The role of eosinophil count and eosinophil-based complete blood cell indices in predicting preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case-control study

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 26 - 33, 20.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA25NC68ZL

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between first-trimester eosinophils and eosinophil-based hematological indices and the development of preeclampsia (PE).
Methods: In this retrospective study, 105 pregnant women who underwent a complete blood count between the sixth and fourteenth weeks of pregnancy and were subsequently diagnosed with PE who gave birth at our center were compared with 120 healthy pregnant women. Demographic characteristics, hematological values, eosinophil-based indices and perinatal outcomes were compared between groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with the development of PE. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive performance of these indices for the development of PE.
Results: When comparing the PE group with healthy controls, the median eosinophil count (0.08 vs. 0.10, p=0.013), NER (neutrophil-eosinophil ratio) (76.00 vs. 60.50, p=0.016), LER (leukocyte-eosinophil ratio) (105.43 vs. 91.35, p=0.015), ELR (eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio) (0.04 vs. 0.05, p=0.010) and EBR (Eosinophil-to-basophil ratio) (2.25 vs. 3.00, p=0.002) showed significant differences, but there was no difference in EMR (eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio) (p=0.065). In the multivariable analysis, eosinophil count (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.01, p=0.048), EBR (aOR=0.80, p=0.003), EMR (aOR=0.70, p=0.038), NER (aOR=1.00, p=0.020) and LER (aOR=1.00, p=0.017) were associated with the development of PE. ROC analysis revealed that EBR is the most discriminative eosinophil-based marker (area under the curve [AUC]=0.619). There was no significant difference between the groups with severe and non-severe PE in eosinophil count and eosinophil-based hematological indices (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Changes in eosinophil count and eosinophil-based hematological ratios during the first trimester reflect immune system abnormalities that occur prior to the clinical onset of PE. In particular, low eosinophil, EMR with EBR parameters and increased NER with LER values can be considered early indicators of PE risk. These parameters alone have limited predictive performance.

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval The study has received official approval from the Ankara Etlik City Hospital No. 2 Scientific Research Evaluation and Ethics Committee (Approval No: AEŞH-BADEK2-2025-581; Date: October 14, 2025).

Supporting Institution

Financial Disclosure The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

References

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):e237-260. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003891
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. NICE Guideline NG133. London (UK): NICE; 2022.
  • World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020. Geneva: WHO; 2023.
  • Tanner MS, Davey MA, Mol BW, Rolnik DL. Evolution of preeclampsia–eclampsia diagnostic criteria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(Suppl): S835-843. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.10.027
  • Cornelius DC. Preeclampsia: from inflammation to immunoregulation. Clin Med Insights Blood Disord. 2018;11:1179545X17752325. doi:10.1177/ 1179545X17752325
  • Shah DA, Khalil RA. Bioactive factors in uteroplacental and systemic circulation link placental ischemia to vascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015; 95(4):211-226. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.012
  • Silva JM, Costa AM, Tuna C, et al. Eosinopenia as a predictor of infection in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward: a cross-sectional study. Porto Biomed J. 2020;5(6):e084. doi:10.1097/j.pbj. 0000000000000084
  • Kim HJ, Jung Y. The emerging role of eosinophils as multifunctional leukocytes in health and disease. Immune Netw. 2020;20:e24. doi:10. 4110/in.2020.20.e24
  • Genc SO, Erdal H. Evaluating hematological inflammatory markers as predictors of preeclampsia. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2024;51(7):163. doi: 10.31083/j.ceog5107163
  • Polat M, Sapmaz MA, Erbey S, Kindan A, Ruzgar MS, Kahyaoglu I. Use of first trimester hemoglobin albumin lymphocyte platelet score and fibrinogen to albumin ratio in predicting preeclampsia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103:e43423. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000043423
  • Elmaraindy E, Alneel G, Alkhattat N, AlGadri T, AlBriakan N. Predictive values of platelet count, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022; 42(5):1011-1017. doi:10.1080/01443615.2021.1986476
  • Kang Q, Li W, Yu N, et al. Predictive role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in preeclampsia: meta-analysis including 3982 patients. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2020;20:111-118. doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2020.03.009
  • Tanacan A, Sakcak B, Ipek G, et al. First trimester eosinophil count and eosinophil-based hematological indices in predicting preeclampsia: a case–control study. Placenta. 2023;143:16-21. doi:10.1016/j.placenta. 2023.09.011
  • Gelaw Y, Asrie F, Walle M, Getaneh Z. Value of eosinophil count in diagnosing preeclampsia among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22:557. doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04892-9
  • Cintesun E, Incesu Cintesun FN, Ezveci H, Akyurek F, Bayramoglu D, Celik C. Markers used for allergic diseases: can they be used in preeclampsia? J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;30(3):100-105. doi:10.5336/jcog.2020-74393
  • LaMarca B, Cornelius DC, Harmon AC, et al. Immune mechanisms mediating hypertension in preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016;311(1):R1-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00052.2016
  • Darmochwal-Kolarz D, Kludka-Sternik M, Tabarkiewicz J, et al. Predominance of Th17 lymphocytes and decreased Treg function in preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2012;93(2):75-81. doi:10.1016/j.jri. 2012.01.006
  • Puxeddu I, Alian A, Piliponsky AM, Ribatti D, Panet A, Levi-Schaffer F. Human peripheral blood eosinophils induce angiogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37(3):628-636. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.09.001
  • Rosenberg HF, Dyer KD, Foster PS. Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(1):9-22. doi:10.1038/nri3341
  • Spencer LA, Weller PF. Eosinophils and Th2 immunity: contemporary insights. Immunol Cell Biol. 2010;88(3):250-256. doi:10.1038/icb.2009.115
  • Ramirez GA, Yacoub MR, Ripa M, et al. Eosinophils from physiology to disease: a comprehensive review. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:9095275. doi:10.1155/2018/9095275
  • Soni M. Evaluation of eosinopenia as diagnostic and prognostic indicator in COVID-19. Int J Lab Hematol. 2021;43:137-141. doi:10.1111/ijlh.13425
  • Ugolini-Lopes MR, Torrezan GT, Gandara APR, et al. Enhanced type I interferon gene signature in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: association with early onset and preeclampsia. Autoimmun Rev. 2019; 18(4):393-398. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.11.004
  • Jonsson Y, Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ernerudh J, Nieminen K, Ekerfelt C. Altered immune balance in preeclampsia: reduced IL-5 and IL-10 secretion and decreased basophils. J Reprod Immunol. 2005;66(1):69-84. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2005.02.002
  • Orgullu G, Aydin Hakli D, Ozten G, Fadiloglu E, Tanacan A, Beksac MS. First trimester complete blood cell indices in early and late onset preeclampsia. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;16(3):112-117. doi:10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.93708
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kubilay Çanga 0009-0002-1881-1170

Recep Taha Ağaoğlu 0000-0002-6570-1006

Özgür Volkan Akbulut 0000-0002-1960-2146

Ahmet Arif Filiz 0000-0002-6137-0270

Dinçer Sümer 0000-0002-7034-6811

Betül Akgök 0000-0002-2264-4689

S. Ahmet Erol 0000-0002-2494-4896

Kadriye Yakut Yücel 0000-0003-3182-4312

Submission Date December 4, 2025
Acceptance Date January 7, 2026
Publication Date February 20, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA25NC68ZL
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA 1.Çanga K, Ağaoğlu RT, Akbulut ÖV, et al. The role of eosinophil count and eosinophil-based complete blood cell indices in predicting preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case-control study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(1):26-33. https://izlik.org/JA25NC68ZL

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