Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)

Mehmet Oğuzhan Ergin; Nuray Zulkadir Ergin; Kübra Ceran Deveci

Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)

Abstract

Aims: This research aimed to translate the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ) to Turkish, ensure its cultural adaptation, and assess its validity and reliability. Methods: The study was methodological in nature and involved 256 participants who were 18 years or older. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, while test-retest reliability was also evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subset of 25 participants. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (principal axis factoring, oblimin rotation) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Model fit was assessed using Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR). Convergent validity was analyzed using composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE). Known-group validity and correlations were examined using non-parametric tests and Spearman’s correlation. Results: Participants had an average age of 30.0±12.3 years. Internal consistency was found to be excellent (α=0.950), and test-retest reliability was high (ICC=0.955). EFA revealed a four-factor structure accounting for 69.5% of the variance (Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO)=0.929, p<0.001). CFA showed an acceptable to good model fit. CR values ranged from 0.94 to 0.99, and AVE values ranged from 0.73 to 0.94. Significant differences were observed in gingival satisfaction (p<0.001), whereas gender, smoking, and education did not show significant differences. Age was not correlated with total scores. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the PIGAQ demonstrates reliability and validity in evaluating the psychosocial impact of gingival aesthetics.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

HRÜ/26.04.67

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Dental Public Health

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mehmet Oğuzhan Ergin ^*
0000-0003-3216-9698
Türkiye

Nuray Zulkadir Ergin
0000-0001-5342-7014
Türkiye

Kübra Ceran Deveci
0000-0002-5962-7495
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 25, 2026

Submission Date

April 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ergin, M. O., Zulkadir Ergin, N., & Ceran Deveci, K. (2026). Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ). Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 7(3), 585-590. https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG

AMA

1.Ergin MO, Zulkadir Ergin N, Ceran Deveci K. Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ). J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(3):585-590. https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG

Chicago

Ergin, Mehmet Oğuzhan, Nuray Zulkadir Ergin, and Kübra Ceran Deveci. 2026. “Psychometric Assessment of the Turkish Adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 (3): 585-90. https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG.

EndNote

Ergin MO, Zulkadir Ergin N, Ceran Deveci K (June 1, 2026) Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ). Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 3 585–590.

IEEE

[1]M. O. Ergin, N. Zulkadir Ergin, and K. Ceran Deveci, “Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 585–590, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG

ISNAD

Ergin, Mehmet Oğuzhan - Zulkadir Ergin, Nuray - Ceran Deveci, Kübra. “Psychometric Assessment of the Turkish Adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7/3 (June 1, 2026): 585-590. https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG.

JAMA

1.Ergin MO, Zulkadir Ergin N, Ceran Deveci K. Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ). J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7:585–590.

MLA

Ergin, Mehmet Oğuzhan, et al. “Psychometric Assessment of the Turkish Adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ)”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 3, June 2026, pp. 585-90, https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG.

Vancouver

1.Mehmet Oğuzhan Ergin, Nuray Zulkadir Ergin, Kübra Ceran Deveci. Psychometric assessment of the Turkish adaptation of the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ). J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;7(3):585-90. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA63ED82UG