Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents

Ömer Çellik; Savaş Sağmak; Sadık Akgün

Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) of commercially available fluoride toothpastes with two different concentrations of fluoride and different added herbal content (Aloe vera, miswak [Salvadora persica]). Methods: In the study, which consisted of two fluoride toothpastes with different concentrations (700 ppm, 1450 ppm), two fluoride toothpastes with added natural content (Aloe vera, miswak), and a control group (chlorhexidine), the antimicrobial efficacy of the toothpastes was examined using the agar diffusion test at three different time points (1st, 3rd, and 5th days). For each experimental group, a total of 20 samples were evaluated, comprising 10 samples inoculated with S. mutans (ATCC® 25175) and 10 samples inoculated with L. acidophilus (ATCC® 11975) standard bacterial isolates (n=10). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were applied for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at (p<0.05). Results: Statistically significantly greater antimicrobial efficacy was determined in the groups with added herbal content compared to those without(p<0.05). The lowest effect against S. mutans was seen in the group with 700 ppm fluoride content and the lowest antimicrobial effect against L. acidophilus was determined in the toothpaste with 1450 ppm fluoride. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the addition of natural agents, including miswak and Aloe vera, to fluoride toothpastes may contribute to improved antibacterial efficacy against cariogenic bacteria.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Restorative Dentistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ömer Çellik ^*
0000-0003-3514-930X
Türkiye

Savaş Sağmak
0000-0002-0082-6297
Türkiye

Sadık Akgün
0000-0002-1413-0450
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 15, 2026

Submission Date

April 25, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 27, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çellik, Ö., Sağmak, S., & Akgün, S. (2026). Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 7(4), 797-803. https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE

AMA

1.Çellik Ö, Sağmak S, Akgün S. Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(4):797-803. https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE

Chicago

Çellik, Ömer, Savaş Sağmak, and Sadık Akgün. 2026. “Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of Fluoride Toothpastes With Added Different Herbal Agents”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 (4): 797-803. https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE.

EndNote

Çellik Ö, Sağmak S, Akgün S (August 1, 2026) Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 4 797–803.

IEEE

[1]Ö. Çellik, S. Sağmak, and S. Akgün, “Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 797–803, Aug. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE

ISNAD

Çellik, Ömer - Sağmak, Savaş - Akgün, Sadık. “Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of Fluoride Toothpastes With Added Different Herbal Agents”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7/4 (August 1, 2026): 797-803. https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE.

JAMA

1.Çellik Ö, Sağmak S, Akgün S. Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7:797–803.

MLA

Çellik, Ömer, et al. “Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of Fluoride Toothpastes With Added Different Herbal Agents”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 4, Aug. 2026, pp. 797-03, https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE.

Vancouver

1.Ömer Çellik, Savaş Sağmak, Sadık Akgün. Evaluation of the antibacterial effectiveness of fluoride toothpastes with added different herbal agents. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 1;7(4):797-803. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA83ZN53FE