Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis

Süleyman Baş; Mustafa Can Şenoymak; Murat Yeniçeri; Kadem Arslan; Sercan Kiremitçi; Alpaslan Tanoğlu

Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis

Abstract

Aims: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Although numerous factors influencing bone health have been identified, the independent effects of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and metabolic parameters on BMD at different anatomical sites remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and vitamin D, PTH, and metabolic parameters, and to identify factors independently associated with osteoporosis. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 281 individuals aged 50 years and older who had undergone DXA based BMD measurement. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were retrieved from patient records. BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and femoral neck. Correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with BMD. Independent predictors of osteoporosis (T-score ≤−2.5) were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Osteoporosis was detected in 19.6% of participants. Age and female gender were independently associated with osteoporosis, while higher BMI was independently associated with lower odds of osteoporosis. In multivariable analyses, BMI and gender were independently associated with lumbar spine BMD, whereas age, BMI, gender, and PTH were the independent determinants of femoral neck BMD. PTH was negatively associated with femoral neck BMD only, and no independent association was found between vitamin D levels and either BMD or osteoporosis. Conclusion: The factors influencing BMD differ by anatomical site. The site-specific association of PTH with femoral neck BMD underscores the importance of considering regional differences in osteoporosis assessment, and suggests that PTH may warrant closer attention as a parameter in clinical evaluation.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

ETHICAL DECLARATIONS Ethics Committee Approval: The study protocol complied with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for the study was granted by the local institutional ethics committee (Decision No: 2026/43; Approval Date: 04.02.2026). Informed Consent: As this study was retrospective, informed consent was not obtained. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. Financial Disclosure The authors received no financial support for the conduct or publication of this research.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Internal Diseases

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Süleyman Baş ^*
0000-0002-5883-445X
Türkiye

Mustafa Can Şenoymak
0000-0002-1977-5127
Türkiye

Murat Yeniçeri
0000-0003-3046-5784
Türkiye

Kadem Arslan
0000-0002-3957-3821
Türkiye

Sercan Kiremitçi
0000-0001-7901-1412
Türkiye

Alpaslan Tanoğlu
0000-0002-7477-6640
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 25, 2026

Submission Date

June 22, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 19, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 5

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Baş, S., Şenoymak, M. C., Yeniçeri, M., Arslan, K., Kiremitçi, S., & Tanoğlu, A. (2026). Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 7(5), 1059-1065. https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK

AMA

1.Baş S, Şenoymak MC, Yeniçeri M, Arslan K, Kiremitçi S, Tanoğlu A. Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(5):1059-1065. https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK

Chicago

Baş, Süleyman, Mustafa Can Şenoymak, Murat Yeniçeri, Kadem Arslan, Sercan Kiremitçi, and Alpaslan Tanoğlu. 2026. “Independent Associations of Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Metabolic Parameters With Regional Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 (5): 1059-65. https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK.

EndNote

Baş S, Şenoymak MC, Yeniçeri M, Arslan K, Kiremitçi S, Tanoğlu A (October 1, 2026) Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 5 1059–1065.

IEEE

[1]S. Baş, M. C. Şenoymak, M. Yeniçeri, K. Arslan, S. Kiremitçi, and A. Tanoğlu, “Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1059–1065, Oct. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK

ISNAD

Baş, Süleyman - Şenoymak, Mustafa Can - Yeniçeri, Murat - Arslan, Kadem - Kiremitçi, Sercan - Tanoğlu, Alpaslan. “Independent Associations of Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Metabolic Parameters With Regional Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7/5 (October 1, 2026): 1059-1065. https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK.

JAMA

1.Baş S, Şenoymak MC, Yeniçeri M, Arslan K, Kiremitçi S, Tanoğlu A. Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7:1059–1065.

MLA

Baş, Süleyman, et al. “Independent Associations of Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, and Metabolic Parameters With Regional Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 5, Oct. 2026, pp. 1059-65, https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK.

Vancouver

1.Süleyman Baş, Mustafa Can Şenoymak, Murat Yeniçeri, Kadem Arslan, Sercan Kiremitçi, Alpaslan Tanoğlu. Independent associations of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and metabolic parameters with regional bone mineral density and osteoporosis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac [Internet]. 2026 Oct. 1;7(5):1059-65. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA58ZX27XK