The relationship between psychotropic drugs and hyponatremia: a review

Abstract

Hyponatremia is the most frequently reported electrolyte disturbance following the use of psychotropic drugs. It is well known that antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders carry a risk of hyponatremia. Although creating hyponatremia without any risk factors, there are some risk factors associated with this side effect of psychotropic drugs: advanced age, concomitant non-psychiatric drug use, and the presence of medical comorbidities. As a psychotropic drug side effect, hyponatremia can have various consequences ranging from confusion and agitation to death. Hyponatremia related to psychotropic drugs is associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, which is a cause of euvolemic hyponatremia. Clinicians should consider the possibility of psychogenic polydipsia and drug interactions, as well as psychotropic drug-induced hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia due to psychotropic drugs, which can be potentially fatal, is important.

Keywords

• Psychotropic drugs
• hyponatremia
• antidepressive agents
• antipsychotic agents

Psikotropik ilaçlar ve hiponatremi ilişkisi: bir derleme

Abstract

Hiponatremi, psikotropik ilaçların kullanımını takiben en sık bildirilen elektrolit bozukluğudur. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların tedavisinde kullanılan antidepresan, antipsikotik ve duygudurum düzenleyicilerinin hiponatremi riski taşıdığı iyi bilinmektedir. Herhangi bir risk faktörü olmadan da hiponatremi oluşturmakla birlikte psikotropik ilaçların bu yan etkisiyle ilişkili olan bazı risk faktörleri bulunmaktadır: İleri yaş, eşzamanlı psikiyatrik olmayan ilaç kullanımı ve tıbbi komorbiditelerin varlığı. Bir psikotropik ilaç yan etkisi olarak hiponatremi, konfüzyon ve ajitasyondan ölüme kadar giden çeşitli sonuçlar doğurabilir. Psikotropik ilaçlara bağlı hiponatremi bir övolemik hiponatremi nedeni olan uygunsuz antidiüretik hormon salınımı sendromu ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Klinisyenler psikotropik ilaca bağlı hiponatreminin yanında psikojenik polidipsi olasılığını ve ilaç etkileşimlerini dikkate almalıdır. Potansiyel olarak ölümcül olabilen psikotropik ilaçlara bağlı hiponatreminin erken tanısı ve tedavisi önemlidir.

Keywords

• Psikotropik ilaçlar
• hiponatremi
• antidepresif ajanlar
• antipsikotik ajanlar

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