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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of progression in patients with early-stage cervical cancer

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 203 - 207, 29.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1495944

Abstract

Aims: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown promise as a prognostic marker in various cancers, but its role in early-stage cervical cancer is not well defined. This study evaluates the association between pre-treatment NLR and progression risk in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
Methods: This retrospective study included 220 patients with stage I and II cervical cancer treated from 2010 to 2024. Patients with prior treatment, infection at diagnosis, or hematological diseases were excluded. Pre-treatment NLR was calculated from blood counts taken within a week before treatment. Primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Cox regression analyses identified prognostic factors.
Results: The median follow-up was 46 months (range, 1-120). Disease progression occurred in 17.3% of patients, and 15% died. The 5-year overall survival and PFS rates were 84.8% (95% CI: 79.3-90.3) and 77.7% (95% CI: 71.4-84), respectively. Univariate analysis identified non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) histology, tumor size >4 cm, and elevated NLR as significant factors affecting PFS. Multivariate analysis confirmed non-SCC histology (HR: 3.2, p=0.002), tumor size >4 cm (HR: 2.3, p=0.007), and elevated NLR (HR: 1.1, p=0.041) as independent PFS risk factors. Higher NLR correlated with larger tumor size.
Conclusions: Elevated pre-treatment NLR independently predicts disease progression in early-stage cervical cancer. Incorporating NLR into risk stratification could enhance prognostic assessments and guide personalized treatments. Larger prospective studies are needed for validation.

References

  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
  • Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12-49.
  • Hsieh HY, Lu CH, Wang L. Long-term treatment outcomes/toxicities of definite chemoradiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiation therapy) for early-stage “bulky” cervical cancer and survival impact of histological subtype. J Formos Med Assoc. 2023;122(3):221-229.
  • Dasari S, Wudayagiri R, Valluru L. Cervical cancer: biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;445(12):7-11.
  • Yadav G, Srinivasan G, Jain A. Cervical cancer: novel treatment strategies offer renewed optimism. Pathol Res Pract. 2024;254 (15):155136.
  • Denk D, Greten FR. Inflammation: the incubator of the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer. 2022;8(11):901-914.
  • Davidson B, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J. Inflammatory response in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Pathol Res Pract. 1997;193(7):491-495.
  • Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Seruga B, et al. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(6):124.
  • Zahorec R. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2021;122(7):474-488.
  • Cupp MA, Cariolou M, Tzoulaki I, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):360.
  • Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883-899.
  • Bonavita E, Galdiero MR, Jaillon S, Mantovani A. Phagocytes as corrupted policemen in cancer-related inflammation. Adv Cancer Res. 2015;128(1):141-171.
  • Xiong S, Dong L, Cheng L. Neutrophils in cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):173.
  • Ardi VC, Kupriyanova TA, Deryugina EI, Quigley JP. Human neutrophils uniquely release TIMP-free MMP-9 to provide a potent catalytic stimulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(51):20262-20267.
  • Ethier JL, Desautels DN, Templeton AJ, et al. Is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio prognostic of survival outcomes in gynecologic cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;145(3):584-594.
  • Zou P, Yang E, Li Z. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictor for survival outcomes in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21917.
  • Trinh H, Dzul SP, Hyder J, et al. Prognostic value of changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). Clin Chim Acta. 2020;510(1):711-716.
  • Du JQ, Zhang F, Wang CQ, et al. Effects of peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio levels and their changes on the prognosis of patients with early cervical cancer. Front Oncol. 2023;13(1):1139809.
  • Prabawa IPY, Bhargah A, Liwang F, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as a predictive value of hematological markers in cervical cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(3):863-868.

Erken Evre Serviks Kanseri Hastalarında Progresyonun Öngördürücüsü Olarak Nötrofil Lenfosit Oranı

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 203 - 207, 29.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1495944

Abstract

Amaç: Nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR), çeşitli kanserlerde prognostik bir belirteç olarak ümit verici olmakla birlikte erken evre serviks kanserindeki rolü iyi tanımlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma, erken evre serviks kanseri olan hastalarda tedavi öncesi NLR ile progresyon riski arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektedir.

Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya 2010-2024 yılları arasında tedavi edilen evre I ve II serviks kanseri tanılı 220 hasta dahil edildi. Daha önce tedavi görmüş, tanı anında enfeksiyon veya hematolojik hastalığı olan hastalar çalışmadan dışlandı. Tedavi öncesi NLR, tedaviden önceki bir hafta içinde alınan kan sayımlarından hesaplandı. Çalışmanın birincil çıktısı progresyonsuz sağkalım olup prognostik faktörler Cox regresyon analizleri ile belirledi.

Bulgular: Hastaların ortanca takip süresi 46 aydı (aralık, 1-120). Hastaların %17,3'ünde hastalık progresyonu, %15'inde ölüm meydana geldi. Beş yıllık genel sağkalım ve progresyonsuz sağkalım oranları sırasıyla %84,8 (%95 GA: 79,3-90,3) ve %77,7 (%95 GA: 71,4-84) idi. Tek değişkenli analizlerde non-skuamöz hücreli karsinom (non-SCC) histolojisi, tümör boyutunun >4 cm olması ve yüksek NLR progresyonsuz sağkalımı etkileyen önemli faktörler olarak tanımlandı. Çok değişkenli analizde non-SCC histoloji (HR: 3,2, p=0,002), tümör boyutunun >4 cm olması (HR: 2,3, p=0,007) ve yüksek NLR'nin (HR: 1,1, p=0,041) progresyonsuz sağkalım için bağımsız risk faktörleri olduğu gösterildi. Artmış NLR düzeyleri daha büyük tümör boyutuyla ilişkili bulundu.

Sonuçlar: Tedavi öncesi yüksek NLR erken evre serviks kanserinde hastalığın ilerlemesini bağımsız olarak öngörmektedir. NLR'nin risk sınıflandırmasına dahil edilmesi, prognostik değerlendirmeleri geliştirebilir ve kişiselleştirilmiş tedavilere rehberlik edebilir. Doğrulama için daha büyük prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
  • Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12-49.
  • Hsieh HY, Lu CH, Wang L. Long-term treatment outcomes/toxicities of definite chemoradiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiation therapy) for early-stage “bulky” cervical cancer and survival impact of histological subtype. J Formos Med Assoc. 2023;122(3):221-229.
  • Dasari S, Wudayagiri R, Valluru L. Cervical cancer: biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;445(12):7-11.
  • Yadav G, Srinivasan G, Jain A. Cervical cancer: novel treatment strategies offer renewed optimism. Pathol Res Pract. 2024;254 (15):155136.
  • Denk D, Greten FR. Inflammation: the incubator of the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer. 2022;8(11):901-914.
  • Davidson B, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J. Inflammatory response in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Pathol Res Pract. 1997;193(7):491-495.
  • Templeton AJ, McNamara MG, Seruga B, et al. Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(6):124.
  • Zahorec R. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2021;122(7):474-488.
  • Cupp MA, Cariolou M, Tzoulaki I, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):360.
  • Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883-899.
  • Bonavita E, Galdiero MR, Jaillon S, Mantovani A. Phagocytes as corrupted policemen in cancer-related inflammation. Adv Cancer Res. 2015;128(1):141-171.
  • Xiong S, Dong L, Cheng L. Neutrophils in cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):173.
  • Ardi VC, Kupriyanova TA, Deryugina EI, Quigley JP. Human neutrophils uniquely release TIMP-free MMP-9 to provide a potent catalytic stimulator of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(51):20262-20267.
  • Ethier JL, Desautels DN, Templeton AJ, et al. Is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio prognostic of survival outcomes in gynecologic cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;145(3):584-594.
  • Zou P, Yang E, Li Z. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictor for survival outcomes in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21917.
  • Trinh H, Dzul SP, Hyder J, et al. Prognostic value of changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). Clin Chim Acta. 2020;510(1):711-716.
  • Du JQ, Zhang F, Wang CQ, et al. Effects of peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio levels and their changes on the prognosis of patients with early cervical cancer. Front Oncol. 2023;13(1):1139809.
  • Prabawa IPY, Bhargah A, Liwang F, et al. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as a predictive value of hematological markers in cervical cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(3):863-868.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Oncology
Journal Section Research Articles [en] Araştırma Makaleleri [tr]
Authors

Arif Akyıldız 0000-0002-4452-2076

Rashad Ismayilov 0000-0002-7093-2722

Zafer Arık 0000-0002-0598-389X

Publication Date August 29, 2024
Submission Date June 4, 2024
Acceptance Date August 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Akyıldız A, Ismayilov R, Arık Z. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of progression in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. August 2024;5(4):203-207. doi:10.47582/jompac.1495944

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1d)

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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