Research Article
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Lazer hemoroid cerrahisinde anestezi tekniklerinin karşılaştırması: pudendal sinir bloğu ve spinal anestezi

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 496 - 501, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Lazer Hemoroid Cerrahisinde Anestezi Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırması: Pudendal Sinir Bloğu ve Spinal Anestezi
ÖZET
Giriş ve Amaç:Lazer hemoroidoplasti (LHP), minimal invaziv hemoroid cerrahisi ameliyatları arasında yer almakta olup, düşük komplikasyon oranı ve hızlı iyileşme süreci sayesinde daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Ancak postoperatif ağrı ve idrar retansiyonu gibi sorunlar, hasta konforunu olumsuz yönde etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, propofol ile sedasyon eşliğinde ultrason rehberliğinde uygulanan pudendal sinir bloğunun (PNB), spinal anesteziye (SA) kıyasla postoperatif ağrı kontrolü, analjezik gereksinimi, idrar retansiyonu insidansı ve hasta memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler: Amasya Üniversitesi Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde yapılan prospektif, randomize, kontrollü çalışmaya, evre 2–3 hemoroidal hastalık tanısı alan ve elektif LHP planlanan toplam 96 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar iki gruba ayrılmıştır: PNB grubu (n=48), propofol ile sedasyon eşliğinde pudendal sinir bloğu uygulanan hastalardan; SA grubu (n=48), spinal anestezi uygulanan hastalardan oluşmuştur. Postoperatif ağrı şiddeti, 2., 4., 8., 16., 48. ve 72. saatlerde vizüel analog skala (VAS) ile ölçülmüştür. Sekonder değerlendirme kriterleri arasında toplam analjezik tüketimi, idrar retansiyonu insidansı ve hasta memnuniyeti yer almıştır.Bulgular:Tüm zaman noktalarında, PNB grubunda VAS skorları SA grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.001). İlk 72 saatlik dönemde analjezik tüketimi PNB grubunda belirgin şekilde daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.001). İdrar retansiyonu insidansı PNB grubunda %4.2, SA grubunda %22.9 olarak tespit edildi ve arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Hasta memnuniyeti PNB grubunda daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.001).Sonuç: Propofol sedasyon ile kombine edilen ultrason eşliğinde pudendal sinir bloğu, lazer hemoroid cerrahisinde spinal anesteziye göre daha üstün ağrı kontrolü, daha düşük analjezik gereksinimi ve daha az komplikasyon oranı sağlamaktadır. Bu yöntem, hasta memnuniyetini artıran etkili ve güvenli bir alternatif olarak değerlendirilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lazer Hemoroidoplasti, Pudendal Sinir Bloğu,Spinal Anestezi,Ameliyat Sonrası Ağrı,Hasta Memnuniyeti

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için, Amasya Üniversitesi girişimsel olmayan etik kurulundan onay alınmıştır (Karar No: E-30640013-050.04-246920 Tarih: 24.02.2025).

References

  • Gallo G, Martellucci J, Sturiale A, et al. Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery (SICCR): management and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Tech Coloproctol. 2020;24(2):145-164. doi:10.1007/s10151-020-02149-1
  • Sanchez C, Chinn BT. Hemorrhoids. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011;24(1):5-13. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272818
  • Sun XW, Xu JY, Zhu CZ, Li SJ, Jin LJ, Zhu ZD. Analysis of factors impacting postoperative pain and quality of life in patients with mixed hemorrhoids: a retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2024; 16(3):731-739. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.731
  • Shaikh AR, Dalwani AG, Soomro N. An evaluation of Milligan-Morgan and Ferguson procedures for haemorrhoidectomy at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(1):122-127. doi:10.12669/pjms.291.2858
  • Symeonidis D, Spyridakis M, Zacharoulis D, et al. Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy vs. hemorrhoid artery ligation and recto-anal repair: a comparative study. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):416. doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01861-z
  • di Schiano di Visconte M. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty: procedure, outcomes and future directions. ANZ J Surg. 2025. doi:10.1111/ans.70242
  • Durgun C, Yiğit E. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus ligasure hemorrhoidectomy: a comparative analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43119. doi:10.7759/cureus.43119
  • Lie H, Caesarini EF, Purnama AA, et al. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty for hemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022;37(9):3621-3630. doi:10.1007/s10103-022-03643-8
  • Bansal H, Jenaw RK, Mandia R, Yadav R. How to do open hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia and its comparison with spinal anesthesia. Indian J Surg. 2012;74(4):330-333. doi:10.1007/s12262-012-0438-3
  • Olawin AM, Das JM. Spinal anesthesia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Ghanavatian S, Leslie SW, Derian A. Pudendal nerve block. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Lee B, Schug SA, Joshi GP, Kehlet H; PROSPECT Working Group. Procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT)-an update. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2018;32(2):101-111. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018. 06.012
  • Tepetes K, Symeonidis D, Christodoulidis G, Spyridakis M, Hatzitheofilou K. Pudendal nerve block versus local anesthesia for harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective randomized study.Tech Coloproctol. 2010;14(Suppl 1):S1-S3. doi:10.1007/s10151-010-0614-z
  • Şahin S, Yazkan C, Dere Ö, Kayılıoğlu I, Özcan Ö. Comparison of pudendal nerve block and spinal anesthesia in proctological surgeries: efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(10): 1651. doi:10.3390/medicina60101651
  • Mongelli F, Treglia G, La Regina D, et al. Pudendal nerve block in hemorrhoid surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(5):617-631. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001985
  • He J, Zhang L, Li DL, et al. Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block combined with propofol deep sedation versus spinal anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective randomized study. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021:6644262. doi:10.1155/2021/6644262
  • Pomajzl AJ, Siref LE. Postoperative urinary retention. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Hadi Shalan B, Tariq Hasson Z, Hadi Shaalan A, Abd Elmohsen Abo El nour R. Post-operative urinary retention beyond spinal anesthesia. Egyptian J Health Care. 2024;15(3):1020-1027. doi:10.21608/ejhc.2024. 383668
  • Castellví J, Sueiras A, Espinosa J, Vallet J, Gil V, Pi F. Ligasure versus diathermy hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia or pudendal block with ropivacaine: a randomized prospective clinical study with 1-year follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24(9):1011-1018. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0715-1
  • Pan P, Jiang J, Zhang X, Yang W, Ding W. Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block for postoperative pain management in procedures for prolapse and hemorrhoids: a randomized, double-blinded trial. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2025;40(1):159. doi:10.1007/s00384-025-04953-3
  • Bonatti L, Soncini S, Bellocchia AB, et al. Pudendal nerve block: a safe, simple and effective approach in surgical proctological patients. Minerva Surg. 2022;77(3):257-262. doi:10.23736/S2724-5691.21.08810-9
  • Soucy B, Luong DH, Michaud J, Boudier-Revéret M, Sobczak S. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in the ıschial spine and alcock's canal levels: a cadaveric study. Pain Med. 2020;21(11):2692-2698. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa136

Comparison of anesthesia techniques in laser hemorrhoid surgery: pudendal nerve block vs. spinal anesthesia

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 496 - 501, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Aims: Laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure gaining popularity due to its low complication rate and rapid recovery. However, issues such as postoperative pain and urinary retention continue to adversely affect patient comfort. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block (PNB) under propofol sedation, compared to spinal anesthesia (SA), on postoperative pain control, analgesic requirement, urinary retention incidence, and patient satisfaction.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training and Research Hospital. Ninety-six patients diagnosed with grade 2–3 hemorrhoidal disease and scheduled for elective LHP were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: the PNB group (n=48) received PNB under propofol sedation, and the SA group (n=48) received SA. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 2, 4, 8, 16, 48, and 72 hours. Secondary outcomes included total analgesic consumption, urinary retention incidence, and patient satisfaction.
Results: At all time points, VAS scores were significantly lower in the PNB group compared to the SA group (p<0.001). Total analgesic consumption during the first 72 hours was markedly reduced in the PNB group (p<0.001). The incidence of urinary retention was 4.2% in the PNB group versus 22.9% in the SA group, demonstrating a significant difference (p<0.001). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the PNB group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided PNB combined with propofol sedation provides superior postoperative pain control, reduces analgesic requirements, and lowers complication rates compared to SA in laser hemorrhoid surgery. This technique represents an effective and safe alternative that enhances patient satisfaction.

References

  • Gallo G, Martellucci J, Sturiale A, et al. Consensus statement of the Italian society of colorectal surgery (SICCR): management and treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Tech Coloproctol. 2020;24(2):145-164. doi:10.1007/s10151-020-02149-1
  • Sanchez C, Chinn BT. Hemorrhoids. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011;24(1):5-13. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272818
  • Sun XW, Xu JY, Zhu CZ, Li SJ, Jin LJ, Zhu ZD. Analysis of factors impacting postoperative pain and quality of life in patients with mixed hemorrhoids: a retrospective study. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2024; 16(3):731-739. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v16.i3.731
  • Shaikh AR, Dalwani AG, Soomro N. An evaluation of Milligan-Morgan and Ferguson procedures for haemorrhoidectomy at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29(1):122-127. doi:10.12669/pjms.291.2858
  • Symeonidis D, Spyridakis M, Zacharoulis D, et al. Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy vs. hemorrhoid artery ligation and recto-anal repair: a comparative study. BMC Surg. 2022;22(1):416. doi:10.1186/s12893-022-01861-z
  • di Schiano di Visconte M. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty: procedure, outcomes and future directions. ANZ J Surg. 2025. doi:10.1111/ans.70242
  • Durgun C, Yiğit E. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty versus ligasure hemorrhoidectomy: a comparative analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43119. doi:10.7759/cureus.43119
  • Lie H, Caesarini EF, Purnama AA, et al. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty for hemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022;37(9):3621-3630. doi:10.1007/s10103-022-03643-8
  • Bansal H, Jenaw RK, Mandia R, Yadav R. How to do open hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia and its comparison with spinal anesthesia. Indian J Surg. 2012;74(4):330-333. doi:10.1007/s12262-012-0438-3
  • Olawin AM, Das JM. Spinal anesthesia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Ghanavatian S, Leslie SW, Derian A. Pudendal nerve block. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Lee B, Schug SA, Joshi GP, Kehlet H; PROSPECT Working Group. Procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT)-an update. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2018;32(2):101-111. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018. 06.012
  • Tepetes K, Symeonidis D, Christodoulidis G, Spyridakis M, Hatzitheofilou K. Pudendal nerve block versus local anesthesia for harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective randomized study.Tech Coloproctol. 2010;14(Suppl 1):S1-S3. doi:10.1007/s10151-010-0614-z
  • Şahin S, Yazkan C, Dere Ö, Kayılıoğlu I, Özcan Ö. Comparison of pudendal nerve block and spinal anesthesia in proctological surgeries: efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(10): 1651. doi:10.3390/medicina60101651
  • Mongelli F, Treglia G, La Regina D, et al. Pudendal nerve block in hemorrhoid surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64(5):617-631. doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001985
  • He J, Zhang L, Li DL, et al. Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block combined with propofol deep sedation versus spinal anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy: a prospective randomized study. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021:6644262. doi:10.1155/2021/6644262
  • Pomajzl AJ, Siref LE. Postoperative urinary retention. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2025.
  • Hadi Shalan B, Tariq Hasson Z, Hadi Shaalan A, Abd Elmohsen Abo El nour R. Post-operative urinary retention beyond spinal anesthesia. Egyptian J Health Care. 2024;15(3):1020-1027. doi:10.21608/ejhc.2024. 383668
  • Castellví J, Sueiras A, Espinosa J, Vallet J, Gil V, Pi F. Ligasure versus diathermy hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia or pudendal block with ropivacaine: a randomized prospective clinical study with 1-year follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24(9):1011-1018. doi:10.1007/s00384-009-0715-1
  • Pan P, Jiang J, Zhang X, Yang W, Ding W. Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block for postoperative pain management in procedures for prolapse and hemorrhoids: a randomized, double-blinded trial. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2025;40(1):159. doi:10.1007/s00384-025-04953-3
  • Bonatti L, Soncini S, Bellocchia AB, et al. Pudendal nerve block: a safe, simple and effective approach in surgical proctological patients. Minerva Surg. 2022;77(3):257-262. doi:10.23736/S2724-5691.21.08810-9
  • Soucy B, Luong DH, Michaud J, Boudier-Revéret M, Sobczak S. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block in the ıschial spine and alcock's canal levels: a cadaveric study. Pain Med. 2020;21(11):2692-2698. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa136
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Surgery, Anaesthesiology
Journal Section Research Articles [en] Araştırma Makaleleri [tr]
Authors

Suat Evirgen 0000-0003-1979-2426

Harun Tolga Duran 0000-0002-6521-8313

Şirin Çetin 0000-0001-9878-2554

Publication Date October 24, 2025
Submission Date August 15, 2025
Acceptance Date September 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Evirgen S, Duran HT, Çetin Ş. Comparison of anesthesia techniques in laser hemorrhoid surgery: pudendal nerve block vs. spinal anesthesia. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. October 2025;6(5):496-501.

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1d)

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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