Research Article
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Hearing loss and associated risk factors in newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome: a single-center retrospective comparative cross-sectional study

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 582 - 587, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in newborns diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and to evaluate potential risk factors.
Methods: A retrospective, comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2024, at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Malatya Training and Research Hospital. The study included 91 newborns diagnosed with MAS and 14.998 newborns in the control group. All cases were screened using automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) in accordance with the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2019) guidelines. Hearing loss was diagnosed based on clinical brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) at ≥60 dB HL. The groups were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and treatment variables.
Results: The rate of permanent hearing loss was 2.17% (n=2) in the MAS group and 0.40% (n=60) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (OR: 5.57; 95% CI: 1.31–23.61; p=0.054). The use of furosemide was higher in infants with hearing loss in the MAS group (OR: 28.67; p=0.086). No significant association was found between hyperbilirubinemia history and mechanical ventilation use and hearing loss.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss in newborns with MAS appeared higher than in the general population. However, the very small number of cases limits the statistical power of our study. These findings should therefore be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating. Hearing screening before discharge and careful use of ototoxic medications are recommended, while lifelong follow-up suggestions should be confirmed by larger prospective studies.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (Karar No: 2025/44, Tarih: 03.06.2025; Evrak No: E-30785963-020-311236). Çalışma retrospektif olarak yürütülmüş, veriler anonimleştirilmiş ve bireysel yazılı onam gerekliliği kurul tarafından muaf tutulmuştur. Araştırma, Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

YOK

References

  • Dini G, Cavigioli F. Meconium aspiration syndrome: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Children (Basel). 2024;11(1):57. doi:10.3390/children11010057
  • Monfredini C, Cavallin F, Villani PE, Paterlini G, Allais B, Trevisanuto D. Meconium aspiration syndrome: a narrative review. Children (Basel). 2021;8(3):230. doi:10.3390/children8030230
  • Luo L, Zhang M, Tang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates with different gestational ages and the risk factors for neurological injury and death: a 9-year cohort study. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1110891. doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1110891
  • Moin K, Raza AB, Nawaz N. Meconium aspiration syndrome: overview of the literature. Tungs’ Med J. 2024;18(1):6-14. doi:10.4103/tmj.tmj_84_23
  • Ghotbeddin Z. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:198. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-02889-y
  • Vain NE. Meconium aspiration syndrome: an update. Neonatology. 2022;119(3):283–294. doi:10.1159/000521799
  • Peterson J, Muddiman L, Groves F, et al. A national survey of first line antibiotic use in neonatal units-and the potential scope for iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss prevention. Front Pediatr. 2024;12:1471463. doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1471463
  • McDermott JH, Mahaveer A, James RA, et al. Rapid point-of-care genotyping to avoid aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in neonatal intensive care. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(5):486-492. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0187
  • Çelik T. Antibiotic use in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(2):165–171. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.21385
  • Iacobelli S, Lorrain S, Rabe E, Gouyon B, Gouyon JB, Bonsante F. Diuretic drug utilization in neonates: a French prescription database analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1358761. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024. 1358761
  • Rivetti S, Romano A, Mastrangelo S, Attinà G, Maurizi P, Ruggiero A. Aminoglycosides-related ototoxicity: mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention in pediatric patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(10): 1353. doi:10.3390/ph16101353
  • Diepstraten FA, Hoetink AE, van Grotel M, et al. Aminoglycoside- and glycopeptide-induced ototoxicity in children: a systematic review. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(4):dlab184. doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlab184
  • Robertson CM, Tyebkhan JM, Etches PC, Cheung PY. Ototoxicity associated with loop diuretics in neonates. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019; 20(6):e293-e299. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001807
  • Frezza S, Tiberi E, Corsello M, et al. Hearing loss and risk factors in very low birth weight infants. J Clin Med. 2023;12(24):7583. doi:10.3390/jcm 12247583
  • Sarı N, Bülbül A, Ersü NF. Neonatal hearing screening results with screening ABR protocol. Pediatr Pract Res. 2022;10(2):97-102. doi:10. 21765/pprjournal.1148011
  • Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ. Newborn screening: from the past to the future. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(5):473-475. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022. 16082
  • Nagal J, Choudhary R, Jain M, Meena K, Nagpal J. Assessment of hearing impairment in sick newborns (NICU≥48 h). J Family Med Prim Care. 2023;12:3110-3116. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1697_22
  • Kim H. Effects of hyperoxia on cochlear hair cells in neonatal mice. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;135:110107. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020. 110107
  • Olgun Y, Bayram A, Ceylan ME, et al. Newborn hearing screening results and risk factors for hearing loss in Turkey. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;140:110496. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110496
  • Korver AMH. Risk factors for permanent childhood hearing loss: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:307-316. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03736-y
  • Borradori C, Chanal I, Bertrand Y, et al. Risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in very preterm infants. Biol Neonat. 1997;71(1):1-10. doi:10. 1159/000244367
  • Smith TL, Paradise JL, Sabo DL, et al. Hearing loss in children with meconium aspiration syndrome: a population-based study. J Perinatol. 2005;25(10):660-665. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211361
  • Coenraad S. Neonatal hearing loss associated with ototoxic medication and asphyxia. Pediatrics. 2010;125(4):e859-e867. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1785
  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2019 position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. J Early Hear Detect Interv. 2019;4(2):1-44. doi:10.15142/fptk- b748

Mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu tanılı yenidoğanlarda işitme kaybı sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler: tek merkezli retrospektif karşılaştırmalı kesitsel bir çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 5, 582 - 587, 24.10.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu (MAS) tanısı alan yenidoğanlarda işitme kaybı prevalansını belirlemek ve olası risk faktörlerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem:1 Ocak 2022 – 31 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’nde yürütülen retrospektif, karşılaştırmalı kesitsel çalışmaya MAS tanılı 91 yenidoğan ve kontrol grubunu oluşturan 14.998 yenidoğan dâhil edildi. Tüm olgular, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2019) kılavuzuna uygun şekilde Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) ile tarandı. İşitme kaybı tanısı, klinik Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) ile ≥60 dB HL eşiğine göre konuldu. Gruplar demografik, klinik ve tedavi değişkenleri açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: MAS grubunda kalıcı işitme kaybı oranı %2,17 (n=2) iken kontrol grubunda %0,40 (n=60) olarak saptandı. Aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık sınırındaydı (OR: 5,57; %95 GA: 1,31–23,61; p=0,054). MAS grubunda işitme kaybı olan bebeklerde furosemid kullanımı daha yüksekti (OR: 28,67; p=0,086). Hiperbilirubinemi öyküsü ve mekanik ventilasyon kullanımı ile işitme kaybı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı.
Sonuç: MAS tanılı yenidoğanlarda işitme kaybı prevalansı genel popülasyona göre yüksektir. Bu nedenle MAS olgularında taburculuk öncesi işitme taramasının eksiksiz yapılması, ototoksik ilaç kullanımında dikkatli olunması ve riskli bebeklerin yaşam boyu işitme takibinin planlanması önerilmektedir. Daha geniş örneklemli prospektif çalışmalar, MAS ve işitme kaybı ilişkisine dair kanıt düzeyini güçlendirecektir.

References

  • Dini G, Cavigioli F. Meconium aspiration syndrome: from pathophysiology to clinical management. Children (Basel). 2024;11(1):57. doi:10.3390/children11010057
  • Monfredini C, Cavallin F, Villani PE, Paterlini G, Allais B, Trevisanuto D. Meconium aspiration syndrome: a narrative review. Children (Basel). 2021;8(3):230. doi:10.3390/children8030230
  • Luo L, Zhang M, Tang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of meconium aspiration syndrome in neonates with different gestational ages and the risk factors for neurological injury and death: a 9-year cohort study. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1110891. doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1110891
  • Moin K, Raza AB, Nawaz N. Meconium aspiration syndrome: overview of the literature. Tungs’ Med J. 2024;18(1):6-14. doi:10.4103/tmj.tmj_84_23
  • Ghotbeddin Z. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:198. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-02889-y
  • Vain NE. Meconium aspiration syndrome: an update. Neonatology. 2022;119(3):283–294. doi:10.1159/000521799
  • Peterson J, Muddiman L, Groves F, et al. A national survey of first line antibiotic use in neonatal units-and the potential scope for iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss prevention. Front Pediatr. 2024;12:1471463. doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1471463
  • McDermott JH, Mahaveer A, James RA, et al. Rapid point-of-care genotyping to avoid aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in neonatal intensive care. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(5):486-492. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0187
  • Çelik T. Antibiotic use in neonatal intensive care units in Turkey. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(2):165–171. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022.21385
  • Iacobelli S, Lorrain S, Rabe E, Gouyon B, Gouyon JB, Bonsante F. Diuretic drug utilization in neonates: a French prescription database analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1358761. doi:10.3389/fphar.2024. 1358761
  • Rivetti S, Romano A, Mastrangelo S, Attinà G, Maurizi P, Ruggiero A. Aminoglycosides-related ototoxicity: mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention in pediatric patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(10): 1353. doi:10.3390/ph16101353
  • Diepstraten FA, Hoetink AE, van Grotel M, et al. Aminoglycoside- and glycopeptide-induced ototoxicity in children: a systematic review. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(4):dlab184. doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlab184
  • Robertson CM, Tyebkhan JM, Etches PC, Cheung PY. Ototoxicity associated with loop diuretics in neonates. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019; 20(6):e293-e299. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001807
  • Frezza S, Tiberi E, Corsello M, et al. Hearing loss and risk factors in very low birth weight infants. J Clin Med. 2023;12(24):7583. doi:10.3390/jcm 12247583
  • Sarı N, Bülbül A, Ersü NF. Neonatal hearing screening results with screening ABR protocol. Pediatr Pract Res. 2022;10(2):97-102. doi:10. 21765/pprjournal.1148011
  • Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ. Newborn screening: from the past to the future. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(5):473-475. doi:10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2022. 16082
  • Nagal J, Choudhary R, Jain M, Meena K, Nagpal J. Assessment of hearing impairment in sick newborns (NICU≥48 h). J Family Med Prim Care. 2023;12:3110-3116. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1697_22
  • Kim H. Effects of hyperoxia on cochlear hair cells in neonatal mice. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;135:110107. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020. 110107
  • Olgun Y, Bayram A, Ceylan ME, et al. Newborn hearing screening results and risk factors for hearing loss in Turkey. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;140:110496. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110496
  • Korver AMH. Risk factors for permanent childhood hearing loss: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:307-316. doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03736-y
  • Borradori C, Chanal I, Bertrand Y, et al. Risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss in very preterm infants. Biol Neonat. 1997;71(1):1-10. doi:10. 1159/000244367
  • Smith TL, Paradise JL, Sabo DL, et al. Hearing loss in children with meconium aspiration syndrome: a population-based study. J Perinatol. 2005;25(10):660-665. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211361
  • Coenraad S. Neonatal hearing loss associated with ototoxic medication and asphyxia. Pediatrics. 2010;125(4):e859-e867. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1785
  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2019 position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. J Early Hear Detect Interv. 2019;4(2):1-44. doi:10.15142/fptk- b748
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Neonatology
Journal Section Research Articles [en] Araştırma Makaleleri [tr]
Authors

Abdulgani Gülyüz 0000-0001-5797-9115

Nuriye Aslı Melekoğlu 0000-0002-3491-2337

Yasin Özdemir 0009-0002-8855-6320

Publication Date October 24, 2025
Submission Date August 15, 2025
Acceptance Date October 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 5

Cite

AMA Gülyüz A, Melekoğlu NA, Özdemir Y. Hearing loss and associated risk factors in newborns with meconium aspiration syndrome: a single-center retrospective comparative cross-sectional study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. October 2025;6(5):582-587.

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Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency: Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]



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