ÜRETİMDE DİJİTAL İKİZLERİN KULLANIMI: ISO 23247 STANDARDI

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 157 - 177, 31.07.2025

Orhan Engin , Kadircan Muhammet Yazıcı , Emre Yaşa , Furkan Çakırköy

Abstract

Dijital ikiz, fiziksel ve dijital sistemler arasında, sürekli veri akışı ve senkronizasyon sağlayarak, süreçlerin izlenmesini, optimize edilmesini ve hata tahminini mümkün kılan bir Endüstri 4.0 teknolojisidir. Dijital İkiz (Dİ) teknolojisi, Siber-Fiziksel Sistemler (SFS) ve akıllı üretim süreçlerinin izlenmesi ve kontrol edilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Hem akademik hem de endüstriyel alanda yaygın olarak araştırılan Dİ’ler, akıllı üretimde kritik bir teknoloji olarak görülmektedir. ISO 23247 standardı, üretimde dijital ikizler için varlık tabanlı bir referans modeli ve işlevsel varlıklar açısından tanımlanan işlevsel bir bakış açısını içeren bir referans mimari önermektedir. Bu araştırmada, Dİ’lerin, Endüstri 4.0 ve 5.0 sürecinde kullanımı ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Dİ’ler için önerilen ISO 23247 standardı açıklanmış ve kullanımı ile sağladığı katkılar araştırılmıştır. Dijital İkizler ‘in araştırma ve sanayide, otomotiv, biyoloji, tıp ve üretim gibi birçok alanda Siber-Fiziksel Sistemleri izlemek ve kontrol etmek için kullanıldığı çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir. Dİ’lerin Siber-Fiziksel Üretim Sistemleri'ni iyileştirmek için kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Dijital ikizlerin, karmaşık durumlarda karar destek aracı olarak kullanılabileceği, gerçek sistem davranışını tahmin edebileceği ve çözüm arayışlarında yardımcı olabileceği belirlenmiştir. Dijital ikizlerin, sistemlerin gelecekteki durumlarını anlamak için gerekli veriyi sağlayabilmesi ve sanal sistemle gerçek sistemi senkronize edebilmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Dijital ikizler, otomasyonun yüksek olduğu ortamlarda daha etkili uygulanabileceği gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Dijital İkiz, Endüstri 4.0 ve 5.0, ISO 23247 Standardı, Akıllı Fabrika, Arttırılmış Gerçeklik, Sanal Gerçeklik, Simülasyon.

USE OF DIGITAL TWINS IN PRODUCTION: ISO 23247 STANDARD

Abstract

Digital twin is an Industry 4.0 technology that enables monitoring, optimizing, and error prediction of processes by providing continuous data flow and synchronization between physical and digital systems. Digital Twin (DT) technology plays an important role in monitoring and controlling Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and smart manufacturing processes. DTs, which are widely researched in both academic and industrial fields, are seen as a critical technology in smart manufacturing. In manufacturing environments, digital twin frameworks are often used in Product Lifecycle Management, machine tool cyber twins and robotic assembly applications, in many sectors such as security, construction, transportation and healthcare, to simplify product maintenance, reduce costs and increase safety standards. New models are supported by technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, sensor data, artificial intelligence and blockchain. Although the concept of digital twins has attracted great interest in academic and industrial fields, it poses some challenges, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The most important of these challenges is that the terminology and application standards for digital twins are not yet fully established. For digital twins to be widely used in production, standardized definitions, common terminologies and application frameworks are needed. To address these needs, ISO 21597, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), provides data containers and connectivity, while ITU-T Y.3090 and ISO 23247 provide frameworks that support the process of creating digital twins. The ISO 23247 standard was published in 2020 by the ISO TC 184/SC 4 committee to support the development of digital twins in manufacturing applications. The standard provides a comprehensive architectural framework for the creation of digital twins and provides an adaptable structure for different types of manufacturing. It proposes a flexible structure based on existing standards and technologies, especially for modeling observable elements in manufacturing environments. The ISO 23247 standard proposes a reference architecture for digital twins in manufacturing, including an asset-based reference model and a functional perspective defined in terms of functional assets. Digital twins can be used for different purposes.
DTs provide bidirectional and automatic data flow with physical systems, reflecting the current state of the system and predicting and optimizing performance. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is a widely used technique for the analysis and optimization of industrial systems. DES models simulate the operation of real systems by monitoring the interactions between various events and the system state at discrete times. These traditional applications of simulation are based on creating a static model and performing analyses on it, and the model is usually retired after a single analysis. In this research, studies in the literature on the use of DTs in the Industry 4.0 and 5.0 process were examined.
The lack of standards regarding the terms, architecture and models for DTs leads users to understand DTs differently when developing applications that enable DTs, making it difficult to connect data, models and services across different companies or domains. Therefore, developing DTs according to standardized reference architectures is a future necessity to ensure their adoption and facilitate their creation, processing and integration.

Keywords

Digital Twin, Industry 4.0 and 5.0, ISO 23247 Standard, Smart Factory, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Simulation.

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