The moderating effect of job satisfaction between Turkish work environment and Syrian workers’ intention to leave

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 41 - 53, 30.12.2018

Abdulkarim Alhamoud

Abstract

This research investigates the case of Syrian
workers in Turkish work environment and was conducted in private and public
workplaces. This research discussed the moderating role of job satisfaction
between the Turkish work environment and the Syrian workers’ intention to leave.
Data based on (104) respondents were analyzed to investigate the relationships
between some research variables. The questionnaires were conducted in many
Turkish cities such as (Istanbul, Antakya, and Gaziantep) where many Syrians
people are present. To analyze the data, various statistical tools were used,
such as Correlation Matrix, Mean, Standard Deviation, Factor Analysis and
Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficients (a). To test the hypotheses, regression
analysis and moderator analysis were conducted. The main results of the
research are: the relationship between work environment and intention to leave
is significant and positive (β=.263;
p<.01); and the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction
is significant and positive (β=.856; p<.01); as such, the relationship between
job satisfaction and intention to leave is significant and positive (β=.245; p<.05); and lastly, the effect of interaction between work
environment and job satisfaction is significant in predicting intention to
leave (R²-change=.1736; p<.05).

Keywords

work environment, intention to leave, job satisfaction, Syrian refugees.

References

• Abd Hamid, N., & Hassan, N. (2015). The Relationship between Workplace Environment and Job Performance in Selected Government Offices in Shah Alam, Selangor. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(3), 845-851.
• Agbozo, G.K., Owusu, I.S., Hoedoafia, M.A., & Atakorah, Y.B. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Ghana. Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 12-18.
• Ali, U., & Khan, F. (2013). A cross-cultural study: work stress as mediator between job satisfaction and intention to quit. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(9), 305-311.
• Alsaqri, S.H. (2014). A survey of intention to leave, job stress, and burnout and job satisfaction among nurses employed in the Ha’il region’s hospitals in Saudi Arabia. School of health sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, 1-288.
• Ansmann, L., Wirtz, M., Kowalski, C., Pfaff, H., Visser, A., & Ernstmann, N. (2014). The impact of the hospital work environment on social support from physicians in breast cancer care. Patient Education and Counseling, 96, 352–360.
• Applebaum, D., Fowler, S., Fiedler, N., Osinubi, O., & Robson, M. (2010). The impact of environmental factors on nursing stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 40(78), 323-328.
• Berthelsen, M., Skogstad, A., Lau, B., & Einarsen, S. (2011). Do they stay or do they go? A longitudinal study of intentions to leave and exclusion from working life among targets of workplace bullying. International Journal of Manpower, 32(2), 178-193.
• Cowin, L.S., Johnson, M., Craven, R.G., & Marsh, H.W. (2008). Causal modeling of self-concept, job satisfaction, and retention of nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(10), 1449-1459.
• Darrat, M.A., Amyx, D.A., & Bennett, R.J. (2017). Examining the impact of job embeddedness on salesperson deviance: The moderating role of job satisfaction. Industrial Marketing Management, 63, 158–166.
• der Heijden, B, van Dam, K, & Hasselhorn, H.M. (2009). Intention to leave nursing: The importance of interpersonal work context, work-home interference, and job satisfaction beyond the effect of occupational commitment. Career Development International, 14(7), 616-635.
• Esen, O., & Binatlı, A.O. (2017). The impact of Syrian refugees on the Turkish economy: Regional labour market effects. Social Sciences, 6(129), 1-12.
• Fisher, V., & Hanna, J. (1931). The Dissatisfied Worker. New York: Macmillan.
• Foon, Y, Chee-Leong, L., & Osman, S. (2010). An exploratory study on turnover intention among private sector employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(8), 57-64.
• Gahlawat, N., & Kundu, S.C. (2016). High performance work systems and employees’ intention to leave exploring the mediating role of employee outcomes. Management Research Review, 39(12), 1587-1615.
• Gamage, P. N., & Buddhika, K.D.M. (2013). Job satisfaction and intention to leave of IT professionals in Sri Lanka. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Management Review, 2(9), 1-11.
• García-Chas, R., Neira-Fontela, E., & Castro-Casal, C. (2014). High-performance work system and intention to leave: A mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(3), 367-389. doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.789441.
• Gözükara, İ., & Çolakoğlu, N. (2016). The mediating effect of work family conflict on the relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 253 – 266.
• Gunaseelan, R., & Ollkkaran, B. A. (2012). A study on the impact of work environment on employee performance. Namex International Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 70-85.
• Hanaysha, J. (2016). Testing the effects of employee engagement, work environment, and organizational learning on organizational commitment. 5th International Conference on Leadership, Technology, Innovation and Business Management, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 289 – 297.
• Hang-yue, N., Foley, S., & Loi, R. (2005). Work role stressors and turnover intentions: a study of professional clergy in Hong Kong. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(11), 2133–2146.
• İçduygu, A., & Diker, E. (2017). Labor market integration of Syrian refugees in Turkey: From refugees to settlers. The Journal of Migration Studies, 3(1), 12-35.
• Jain, R., & Kaur, S. (2014). Impact of work environment on job satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(1), 1-8.
• Jayaweera, T. (2015). Impact of work environmental factors on job performance, mediating role of work motivation: a study of hotel sector in England. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), 271-278.
• Kabare, K., & Kiruja, E.K. (2013). Linking work environment with employee performance in public middle level TIVET institutions in Kenya. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 2(4), 83-91.
• Kalliath, T., & Kalliath, P. (2012). Changing work environments and employee wellbeing: an introduction. International Journal of Manpower, 33(7), 729-737.
• Kanat, K.B., & Ustun, K. (2015). Turkey’s Syrian refugees toward integration. SETA Publications, 49, 1-50.
• Kenya Forest Service, (2013). Work environment survey. Envag Associates (K) Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya, 1-53. Retrieved in October, 18, 2018 from www.envagassociates.com.
• Kızıl, C. (2016). Turkey’s policy on employment of Syrian refugees and its impact on the Turkish labour market. Turkish Migration, selected papers, London: TPL, 1-7.
• Mahdi, A.F., Mohd Zin, M.Z., Mohd Nor, M.R., Sakat, A.A., & Abang Naim, A.S. (2012). The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(9), 1518-1526.
• Markey, R., Ravenswood, K., & Webber, D.J. (2014). The impact of the quality of the work environment on employees’ intention to quit, Economics Working Paper Series. University of the West of England, Faculty of Business and Law, 1-35.
• Masum, A.K., Azad, M.D., Hoque, K., Beh, L-S., Wanke, P., & Arslan, Ö. (2016). Job satisfaction and intention to quit: An empirical analysis of nurses in Turkey. PeerJ 4:e1896. 1-23. doi:10.7717/peerj.1896.
• Noorizan, M.M., Afzan, N., Norfazlina, G., & Sharidatul Akma, A. (2016). The moderating effects of motivation on work environment and training transfer: a preliminary analysis. Fifth International Conference on Marketing and Retailing, Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 158–163.
• Orhan, O., & Gündoğar, S.S. (2015). Effects of the Syrian refugees on Turkey. ORSAM and TESEV, ORSAM Report No: 195, 1-40.
• Osibanjo, A.O., Abiodun A.J, & Adeniji A.A. (2014). Impact of job environment on job satisfaction & commitment among Nigerian nurses. Journal of South African Business Research, 2014, 1-1.
• Pertusa-Ortega, E. M., Claver-Corte´s, E., & Molina-Azorı´n, J.F. (2008). Strategy, structure, environment and performance in Spanish firms. EuroMed Journal of Business, 3(2), 223-239.
• Ping, S.S. (2013). Work values, job satisfaction and intentions to leave a study of accounting professionals. Tunku Abdul Rahman University, 1-10.
• Pitaloka, E., & Sofia, I.P. (2014). The effect of work environment, job satisfaction, organization commitment on OCB of international auditors. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 5(2), 10-18.
• Porter, T.H., Riesenmy, K.D., & Fields, D. (2016). Work environment and employee motivation to lead: Moderating effects of personal characteristics. American Journal of Business, 31(2), 66-84.
• PSS [Public Service Secretariat], (2009). Work Environment Survey. Retrieved in October, 18, 2018 from http://www.exec.gov.nl.ca.
• Ramadhani, S. (2014). Factors influencing job satisfaction and turnover intentions in commercial banks. University of Tanzania, 1-54.
• Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. 2nd Gobal Coference on Business, Economics, Management and Tourism, Procedia Economics and Finance 23, 717-725.
• Rizwan, M., Arshad, M.Q., Munir, H., Iqbal, F., & Hussain, A. (2014). Determinants of employees’ intention to leave: A study from Pakistan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(3), 1-18.
• Robson, A., & Robson, F. (2016). Investigation of nurses’ intention to leave: a study of a sample of UK nurses. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 30(1), 154-173.
• Salunke, G. (2015). Work environment and its effect on job satisfaction in cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra, India. Abhinav International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management & Technology, 4(5), 21-31.
• Squires, A., & Juarez, A. (2012). A qualitative study of the work environments of Mexican nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49, 793–802.
• Thanacoody, P.R., Bartram, T., & Casimir, G. (2009). The effects of burnout and supervisory social support on the relationship between work-family conflict and intention to leave. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(1), 53-69.
• Turgut, H., Bekmezci, M., & Ateş, M.F. (2017). The moderating role of job satisfaction on the relationship between servant leadership and turnover intention. Journal of Business Research Turk, 9(2), 300-314.
• UNHCR [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees] (2018). Syrian refugees data. www.unhcr.org. Retrieved in October, 18, 2018 from http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees
• Waqas, A., Bashir, U., Sattar, M., Abdullah, H., Hussain, I., et al. (2014). Factors influencing job satisfaction and its impact on job loyalty. International Journal of Learning & Development, 4(2), 141-161. doi:10.5296/ ijld.v4i2.6095.
• Weisberg, J. (1994). Measuring workers’ burnout and intention to leave. International Journal of Manpower, 15(1), 4-14.
• Weiss, D.J., & Dawis, R.V. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Work Adjustment Project, University of Minnesota, 1-125.