TEK VE ÇİFT BİLEŞENLİ AHŞAP AĞARTICILARININ OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) ODUNUNA UYGULANMASI İLE MEYDANA GELEN BAZI YÜZEY DEĞİŞİMLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Okan odunu bahçe mobilyaları, doğrama, deniz inşaatı ve köprüler, araç gövdeleri, ağır döşeme, maden ocağında, spor malzemeleri, tarım aletleri, demiryolu traversleri, oyma ve tornacılıkta kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tek [oksalik asit (C2H2O4)] ve çift bileşenli [hidrojen peroksit (H2O2): + sodyum hidroksit (NaOH)] ahşap ağartıcılarının okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [taub.] harms) odununa uygulanması ile meydana gelen bazı yüzey özellikleri (beyazlık indeksi: WI*, renk parametreleri ve parlaklık değerleri) üzerindeki değişimleri belirlenmiştir. L*, b*, ho değerleri ile her iki yönlerdeki WI* değerleri tek komponentli ağartma kimyasalı ile azalırken, çift komponentli ağartma kimyasalı ile artmıştır. C* değerleri ise her iki ağartma kimyasalı ile artış göstermiştir. a* değerlerine göre de çift komponentli ağartma kimyasalı ile azalırken, tek komponentli ağartma kimyasalı ile artış verdiği gözlemlenmiştir. ∆E* değerleri tek komponentli ile 3.98 ve çift komponentli ile 12.13 olarak bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Parlaklık
• Okan odunu
• Renk
• Ağartma
• Beyazlık indeksi

SURFACE CHANGES INDUCED BY SINGLE- AND TWO-COMPONENT BLEACHING AGENTS ON OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) WOOD AFTER APPLICATION

Abstract

Okan wood is used for garden furniture, joinery, marine construction and bridges, vehicle bodies, heavy flooring, mining, sports equipment, agricultural tools, railway sleepers, carving, and turnery. In this study, changes in some surface properties (whiteness index: WI*, color parameters, and gloss values) resulting from the application of single-component [oxalic acid (C2H2O4)] and two-component [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] wood bleaches on okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) wood were determined. While L*, b*, and ho values, as well as WI* values in both directions, decreased with the single-component bleaching chemical, they increased with the two-component bleaching chemical. C* values increased with both bleaching chemicals. According to a* values, it was observed that they decreased with the two-component bleaching chemical, while they increased with the single-component bleaching chemical. The ∆E* values were found to be 3.98 for the single-component and 12.13 for the two-component.

Keywords

• Glossiness
• Okan wood
• Color
• Bleaching
• Whiteness index

References

1. Adjanohoun, J.E., Aboubakar, N., Dramane, K., Ebot, M.E., Ekpere, J.A., Enow-Orock, E.G., Focho, D., Gbile, Z.E., Kamanyi, A., Kamsu Kom, J., Keita, A., Mbenkum, T., Mbi, C.N., Mbiele, A.L., Mbome, I.L., Miburu, N.K., Nancy, W.L., Nkongmeneck, B., Satabie, B., Sofowara, A., Tamze, V., & Wirmum, C.K., (1996). Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia: Contributionto Ethnopharmacological and Floristic Studies in Cameroon, OAU/STRC, Lagos.
2. Aldulaimi, O., Uche, F. I., Hameed, H., Mbye, H., Ullah, I., Drijfhout, F., Claridge, T.D.W., Horrocks, P., & Li, W.W., (2017). A characterization of the antimalarial activity of the bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 198: 221-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.014.
3. Anonim, (2012). Lettre de l’ATIBT N°34. Association Technique Internationale des bois Tropicaux; 6, avenue de saint Mandé - 75012 Paris. 44 p.
4. ASTM D 2244-3, (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
5. ASTM E313-15e1, (2015). Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
6. Ayata, Ü., & Çamlıbel, O., (2024). Determination of optical properties of ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (A.Chev.) J.Léonard) wood treated with oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, in press.
7. Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O., & Bilginer, E.H., (2024b). Investigation of some surface changes occurring after bleaching treatment on ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) wood, Wood Industry and Engineering, 6(1): 1-8.
8. Ayata, Ü., Kaplan, Ş., Çamlıbel, O., & Bilginer, E.H., (2024c). Amazon rosewood (Dalbergia spruceana Benth.) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 2(1): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.5281/ze-nodo.11176375.

9. Ayata, Ü., Peker, H., & Çamlıbel, O. (2023). Determination of shore D hardness value and surface roughness parameters in okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) wood. Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 1(2): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.5281/ze-nodo.10276934.
10. Ayata, Ü., & Bal, B.C., (2024). Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, Avrasya 10. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 2-5 Mayıs 2024, Tiflis, Gürcistan, 133-142
11. Chen, L., Zeng, S., Xu, Y., Nie, W., Zhou, Y., & Chen, P., (2022). Epoxy-modified silicone resin based N/P/Si synergistic flame-retardant coating for wood surface, Progress in Organic Coatings, 170: 106953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.106953.
12. Chudnoff, M., (1984). Tropical timbers of the world, Agric. Handb. 607. Madison, WL V.5 Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
13. Çamlıbel, O., & Ayata, Ü., (2024a). Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa Hemsl.,) odununda ağartma uygulamasının denenmesi, ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts, 6(1): 80-95.
14. Çamlıbel, O., & Ayata, Ü., (2024b). Farklı ağartma kimyasallarının Avrupa kirazı (Prunus avium L.) ahşabında uygulanması, European Conferences 5. Uluslararası Sağlık, Mühendislik ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 13-16 Haziran 2024, Roma, İtalya, 554-562.
15. DIN 5033, (1979). Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
16. Farr, J.P., Smith, W.L., & Steichen, D.S., (2000). Bleaching agents, Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.1921182206011818.a01.pub2.
17. Gan, W., Chen, C., Wang, Z., Pei, Y., Ping, W., Xiao, S., Dai, J., Yao, Y., He, S., Zhao, B., Das, S., & Yang, B., (2020). Fire-resistant structural material enabled by an anisotropic thermally conductive hexagonal boron nitride coating, Advanced Functional Materials, 30(10): 1909196. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909196.
18. Hidayat, W., Jang, J.H., Park, S.H., & Kim, N.H., (2014). Effect of heating temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of okan wood (Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Taub.) Harms), Proceeding The 6th international symposium of indonesian wood research society, The Utilization of Biomass from Forest and Plantation for Environment Conservation Efforts, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, ISSN: 2459-9867.
19. ISO 554, (1976). Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
20. ISO 2813, (1994). Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
21. Kadiri, A.B., Olowokudejo, J.D., & Ogundipe, O.T., (2005). Some aspects of foliar epidermal morphology of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Taub.) Harms (Mimosaceae), Journal of Scientific Research and Development, 10: 33-38.
22. Lange, D.R., (1999). Fundamentals of Colourimetry - Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA.
23. Lavers, G.M., (1983). The strength properties of timber, Buckinghamshire, England: Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury.
24. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A., & Brink, M., (2008). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, 7(1), Timbers 1, PROTA Foundation. Wageningen, Netherlands/Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/ CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands. 704 pp.
25. Peker, H., Bilginer, E.H., Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O., & Gürleyen, L., (2024). Ahşap ağartma kimyasalları uygulandıktan sonra balmumu ile muamele edilmiş balau red (Shorea guiso) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Türk Bilim ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 6(1): 14-21. https://doi.org/10.55979/tjse.1407845.
26. Simmonds, F.A., (1967). Bleaching wood, U.S. Forest Service Research Note FPL.
27. Sokamte, T.A., Mbougueng, P.D., Sachindra, N.M., Douanla, N.F.N., & Tatsadjieu, N.L., (2020). Characterization of volatile compounds of liquid smoke flavourings from some tropical hardwoods, Scientific African, 8: e00443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00443.