FROM HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION TO INTEGRATED ADAPTIVE REUSE DECISION-MAKING: A STRUCTURED REVIEW OF HBIM APPLICATIONS AND A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Abstract

Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is frequently presented as a digital response to the geometric and informational complexity of historic buildings. Existing HBIM research has largely focused on surveying, point-cloud processing, and three-dimensional reconstruction. However, decisions concerning the adaptive reuse of historic buildings also require the consideration of heritage significance, spatial compatibility, physical condition, environmental performance, regulatory constraints, costs, and stakeholder priorities. This article examines how HBIM can operate as a transparent decision-support environment rather than solely as a documentation product. A structured, purposive critical review was undertaken using keyword searches in Crossref-indexed metadata and publisher search interfaces, followed by backward citation tracing. The search covered publications from 2009 to 2026. The final analytical corpus comprised 24 peer-reviewed publications, supplemented by one conservation doctrine source. Studies were coded according to the types of input data incorporated into the model, the model entities to which these data were assigned, the analyses enabled, the decisions supported, and the limitations reported. The synthesis suggests six interdependent information layers: Heritage significance, geometry and space, fabric and condition, performance, intervention and governance. These layers inform a six-stage framework connecting evidence acquisition, uncertainty construction, compatibility screening, scenario development, multi-criteria comparison, and post-occupancy updating. Unlike approaches focusing primarily on geometric documentation, value assessment or scenario ranking, the framework foregrounds continuity of evidence, explicit uncertainty, accountable governance, and operational feedback. The framework remains conceptual and requires case-based validation; nevertheless, it provides a traceable structure for developing and comparing value-sensitive adaptive reuse alternatives.

Keywords

• HBIM
• Adaptive Reuse
• Architecture Heritage
• Conservation
• Information Management

MİRASIN BELGELENMESİNDEN BÜTÜNLEŞİK YENİDEN İŞLEVLENDİRME KARARLARINA: HBIM UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK YAPILANDIRILMIŞ BİR İNCELEME VE KAVRAMSAL BİR ÇERÇEVE

Abstract

Tarihî Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (HBIM), tarihî yapıların geometrik ve bilgisel karmaşıklığına yönelik dijital bir yaklaşım olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Mevcut HBIM araştırmaları büyük ölçüde belgeleme, nokta bulutu işleme ve üç boyutlu modelleme süreçlerine odaklanmaktadır. Ancak tarihî yapıların yeniden işlevlendirilmesine ilişkin kararlar; kültürel miras değerlerinin, mekânsal uyumluluğun, fiziksel durumun, çevresel performansın, mevzuat kısıtlarının, maliyetlerin ve paydaş önceliklerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, HBIM’in bir belgeleme ürününün ötesinde, şeffaf bir karar destek ortamı olarak nasıl kullanılabileceğini incelemektedir. Crossref’te indekslenen bibliyografik kayıtlar ve yayıncı arama arayüzlerinde gerçekleştirilen anahtar kelime taramaları ile kaynakçaların geriye doğru izlenmesine dayanan, amaçlı seçime sahip yapılandırılmış bir eleştirel derleme yürütülmüştür. Tarama, 2009–2026 yılları arasındaki yayınları kapsamaktadır. Nihai analiz kümesi, bir koruma ilkeleri belgesiyle desteklenen 24 hakemli yayından oluşmaktadır. Yayınlar; modele dahil edilen veriler, bu verilerin ilişkilendirildiği model varlıkları, olanak sağlanan analizler, desteklenen kararlar ve bildirilen sınırlılıklar açısından kodlanmıştır. Sentez sonucunda birbiriyle ilişkili altı bilgi katmanı önerilmiştir: kültürel miras değerleri, geometri ve mekân, yapı dokusu ve mevcut durum, performans, müdahale ve yönetişim. Bu katmanlar; kanıtların toplanması, model ve belirsizliklerin yapılandırılması, uyumluluk değerlendirmesi, senaryo geliştirme, çok ölçütlü karşılaştırma ve kullanım sonrası güncelleme süreçlerini birbirine bağlayan altı aşamalı bir çerçeveyi desteklemektedir. Önerilen çerçeve, kanıtların sürekliliğini, bilgi kaynaklarının izlenebilirliğini, belirsizliklerin açıkça kaydedilmesini, hesap verebilir yönetişimi ve kullanım sürecinden elde edilen geri bildirimleri ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Kavramsal nitelikteki çerçevenin uygulama örnekleriyle doğrulanması gerekmekle birlikte, kültürel miras değerlerine duyarlı yeniden işlevlendirme alternatiflerinin geliştirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması için izlenebilir bir yapı sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• HBIM
• yeniden işlevlendirme
• mimari miras
• karar desteği
• koruma
• bilgi yönetimi

References

1. Australia ICOMOS. (2013). The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. Australia ICOMOS. https://australia.icomos.org/publications/burra-charter-practice-notes/
2. Akyol, G., Avci, A. B. (2023). AI applications in cultural heritage preservation: Technological advancements for the conservation. 4th Baskent International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies. (Ankara, Türkiye, 4–6 August 2023). p.94–101. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24077862
3. Bastem, S. S., Cekmis, A. (2022). Development of historic building information modelling: a systematic literature review. Building Research & Information, Vol. 50, Issue 5, p.527–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2021.1983754
4. Bouzas, Ó., Cabaleiro, M., Conde, B., Cruz, Y., Riveiro, B. (2022). Structural health control of historical steel structures using HBIM. Automation in Construction, Vol. 140, 104308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104308
5. Bullen, P. A., Love, P. E. D. (2011). Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. Structural Survey, Vol. 29, Issue 5, p.411–421. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630801111182439
6. Bullen, P., Love, P. (2011). A new future for the past: a model for adaptive reuse decision‐making. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, Vol. 1, Issue 1, p.32–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/20441241111143768
7. Cheng, Y.-M., Kuo, C.-L., Mou, C.-C. (2021). Ontology-Based HBIM For Historic Buildings With Traditional Woodwork In Taiwan. Journal Of Civil Engineering And Management, Vol. 27, Issue 1, p.27–44. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14115
8. Colucci, E., Xing, X., Kokla, M., Mostafavi, M. A., Noardo, F., & Spanò, A. (2021). Ontology-Based Semantic Conceptualisation of Historical Built Heritage to Generate Parametric Structured Models from Point Clouds. Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 6, 2813. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062813

9. Dore, C., Murphy, M. (2012). Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and 3D GIS for recording and managing cultural heritage sites. 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM 2012). (Milan, Italy, 2–5 September 2012). p.369–376. https://doi.org/10.1109/VSMM.2012.6365947
10. Doria, E., Moussallieh, M., Morandotti, M. (2026). A Use-Centred Evaluation Framework for HBIM and Heritage Digital Twins. Heritage, Vol. 9, Issue 8, p.309. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage9080309
11. Fernández Resta, L. (2024). Integration of multi-criteria decision-making in heritage building information management. 35th Forum Bauinformatik. (Hamburg, Germany, 18–20 September 2024). p.366–373. https://doi.org/10.15480/882.13488
12. Khodeir, L. M., Aly, D., Tarek, S. (2016). Integrating HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) Tools in the Application of Sustainable Retrofitting of Heritage Buildings in Egypt. Procedia Environmental Sciences, Vol. 34, p.258–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.024
13. Logothetis, S., Delinasiou, A., Stylianidis, E. (2015). Building Information Modelling for Cultural Heritage: A review. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. II-5/W3, p.177–183. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W3-177-2015
14. López, F. J., Lerones, P. M., Llamas, J., Gómez-García-Bermejo, J., Zalama, E. (2018). A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM). Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021
15. Lovell, L. J., Davies, R. J., Hunt, D. V. L. (2023). The Application of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Cultural Heritage: A Review. Heritage, Vol. 6, Issue 10, p.6691–6717. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6100350
16. Massafra, A., Predari, G., Gulli, R. (2022). Towards Digital Twin Driven Cultural Heritage Management: A HBIM-Based Workflow for Energy Improvement Of Modern Buildings. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XLVI-5/W1-2022, p.149–157. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-5-W1-2022-149-2022
17. Moyano, J., Pili, A., Nieto-Julián, J. E., Della Torre, S., Bruno, S. (2023). Semantic interoperability for cultural heritage conservation: Workflow from ontologies to a tool for managing and sharing data. Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 80, 107965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107965
18. Murphy, M., McGovern, E., Pavia, S. (2009). Historic building information modelling (HBIM). Structural Survey, Vol. 27, Issue 4, p.311–327. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800910985108
19. Murphy, M., McGovern, E., Pavia, S. (2013). Historic Building Information Modelling – Adding intelligence to laser and image-based surveys of European classical architecture. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 76, 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.11.006
20. Parente, M., Bruno, N., Ottoni, F. (2025). HBIM and Information Management for Knowledge and Conservation of Architectural Heritage: A Review. Heritage, Vol. 8, Issue 8, 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8080306
21. Penjor, T., Banihashemi, S., Hajirasouli, A., Golzad, H. (2024). Heritage building information modeling (HBIM) for heritage conservation: Framework of challenges, gaps, and existing limitations of HBIM. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Vol. 35, e00366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00366
22. Pocobelli, D. P., Boehm, J., Bryan, P., Still, J., Grau-Bové, J. (2018). BIM for heritage science: a review. Heritage Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0191-4
23. Samy, A., El-Habashi, A. E., Al-Behiery, A.-M. (2024). A Value-Based HBIM Framework for Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: A Case Study of Bayt Yakan. Journal of Engineering Research. https://doi.org/10.70259/engJER.2024.861803
24. Vafaie, F., Remøy, H., Gruis, V. (2023). Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings; a systematic literature review of success factors. Habitat International, vol. 142, 102926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102926
25. Yang, X., Grussenmeyer, P., Koehl, M., Macher, H., Murtiyoso, A., Landes, T. (2020). Review of built heritage modelling: Integration of HBIM and other information techniques. Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol. 46, p.350–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.05.008
26. Yang, Z., Zeng, C., Bao, L. (2026). Preserving Historic Architecture, Mitigating Climate Change: Life Cycle Carbon Footprint and Sustainability Insights from World Heritage Fujian Tulou. Sustainable Development, Vol. 34, Issue 4, p.4964–4978. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70599