Association of hypertension with generalized obesity in rural south-western Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: There is a rising prevalence of hypertension worldwide with Africa reported to have the greatest disease burden. Obesity is the major risk factor for hypertension. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with general obesity in rural south-western Nigeria.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in two rural communities in Remo North Local Government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Four hundred and twelve (412) participants comprising 216 (50%) males, aged 20-70 years, were studied. Participants were screened for generalized obesity and hypertension according to standard protocols. Hypertension was defined according to the seventh report of Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII). Associations between obesity and hypertension were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation and Chi-Square tests.
Results: The mean of all the blood pressure indices (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure) increased from first to fourth quartile of body mass index (BMI) (For trend, P<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.5% (28.6% in males and 36.4% in females). Compared to males, more females had systolic hypertension (45.1% vs 33.5%, P=0.02). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P<0.001 for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); P=0.019 for isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), and BMI (X2=8.508, P=0.019 [95% CI, 0.001-0.038]). BMI correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension is high and it is positively associated with obesity in the population. Aggressive lifestyle intervention to curb obesity is necessary to prevent hypertension and future cardiovascular disease.

Keywords

• Hypertension,Obesity,Cardiovascular diseases,Prevalence

Nijerya'nın kırsal güneyindeki genel obezite ile hipertansiyon ilişkisi

Öz

Amaç: Dünya çapında hipertansiyon prevelansında bir artış bildirilmekle birlikte, Afrika’nın en yüksek hastalık yüküne sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Obezite, hipertansiyon için major risk faktörüdür. Bu çalışmada Güneybatı Nijerya’nın kırsal kesiminde hipertansiyon prevalansı ve genel obezite ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler: Nijerya'nın Ogun Eyaleti, Remo Kuzey Yerel Yönetim bölgesinde iki kırsal toplulukta bir kesitsel tanımlayıcı anket yapılmıştır. Yaşları 20-70 arasında değişen, 216’sını erkeklerin oluşturduğu (%50) toplam 412 hasta incelenmiştir. Katılımcılar, standard protokollere göre genel obezite ve hipertansiyon açısından taranmıştır. Hipertansiyon, Ortak Ulusal Yüksek Tansiyonun Önlenmesi, Saptanması, Değerlendirilmesi ve Tedavisi Komitesi'nin yedinci raporuna göre tanımlanmıştır (JNC VII). Obezite ve hipertansiyon arasındaki ilişki Pearson’un korelasyon testi ve ki-kare testi ile belirlendi.
Bulgular: Tüm kan basıncı endekslerinin ortalaması (sistolik, diyastolik ve ortalama arteriyel kan basıncı) vücut kitle indeksinin (BMI) ilk dördüncü çeyreğinden arttı (Eğilim için P<0,001). Hipertansiyon prevalansı %32,5’tu (erkeklerde %28,6 ve kadınlarda %36,4). Erkek olgulara kıyasla kadınlarda sistolik hipertansiyon daha sık gözlemlenmekteydi (%45,1'e karşı %33,5, P=0,02). Hipertansiyon prevalansı yaşla birlikte artmaktaydı (sistolik kan basıncı (SBP) ve diyastolik kan basıncı (DBP) için P<0,001); izole sistolik hipertansiyon (ISH) ve BMI için P=0,019 (X2=8,508, P=0,019 [% 95 CI, 0,001-0,038]) BMI, hem sistolik hem de diyastolik kan basınçları ile korelasyon gösterdi (P<0,001).
Sonuç: Hipertansiyon prevalansı yüksektir ve popülasyondaki obezite ile pozitif olarak ilişkilidir. Hipertansiyonu ve gelecekteki kardiyovasküler hastalıkları önlemek amacıyla obeziteyi azaltmak için agresif yaşam tarzı müdahalesi gerektirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hipertansiyon,Obezite,Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar,Prevalans

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