A rare case of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma presenting to the emergency department with acute paraplegias
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), neoplastic proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow, constitutes 1% of cancers. We discuss a rare case of newly diagnosed MM presenting to the emergency department with sudden strength loss in both legs and inability to walk, together with the current literature. Impaired balance and 2/5 strength loss in the bilateral lower extremities was determined in a 42-year-old man presenting due to weakness in both legs and inability to walk, noticed on waking in the morning. At blood tests, uric acid was 8.4 mg/dl, total protein 98.8 g/L, globulin 60.8 g/L. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass between T2 and T4 vertebrae. At mass biopsy immunohistochemical investigation, lesion cluster of differentiation (CD)38, CD138, endomysial antibody, kappa and lambda cells exhibited immune reactions. Serum IgA was 0.27 g/L, IgM 0.28 g/L, IgG 44.36 g/L, beta-2 microglobulin 4.78 mg/L, lambda light chain 0.230 g/L, and kappa light chain 5.25 g/L. Mass biopsy revealed plasma cell tumor, with atypical plasma cells at 52%, which was compatible with MM at bone marrow aspiration biopsy. Neoplastic plasma cell proliferation should be considered for differential diagnosis in sudden strength loss in the lower extremities.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Project Number
Thanks
References
- 1. Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma. Curr Probl Cancer. 2009 Jan-Feb;33(1):7-64.
- 2. Bolaman AZ. Diagnosis of multiple myeloma and criteria for response. Turkiye Klinikleri J Hem Onc Special Topics. 2008 July;1:1-4.
- 3. Günçag D. Hemolitik Anemiler. In: Dinçol G, Pekçelen Y, Atamer T, Sargın D, Nalçacı M, Aktan M, Beşışık SK, Eds. Klinik Hematoloji, İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi. 2003:87-152.
- 4. Tesei F, Caliceti U, Sorrenti G, Canciullo A, Sabbatini E, Pileri S, et al. Extramedullary plasmocytoma (EMP) of the head and neck: a series of 22 cases. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. 1995 Dec;15:437-42.
- 5. International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classifi cation of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol. 2003 Jun;121:749-57.
- 6. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Criteria for diagnosis, staging, risk stratifi cation and response assessment of multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2009 Jan;23:3-9.
- 7. Oymak FS, Karaman A, Soyuer I, Karaman H, Gülmez I, Demir R, et al. Multipl Miyelomada Akciğer ve Göğüs Duvarı Tutulumu. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi. 2003 Jan;51(1):27-32.
- 8. Ersoy O, Sanlier T, Yigit O, Halefoglu AM, Ucak S, Altuntaş Y. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the maxillary sinus. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Aug;124:642-44.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Emergency Medicine
Journal Section
Case Report
Authors
Sunay Yıldırım
0000-0003-1268-7113
Türkiye
Selman Yeniocak
*
0000-0002-1124-396X
Türkiye
Mesut Ayer
0000-0003-1977-0104
Türkiye
Adem Az
0000-0002-7204-6185
Türkiye
Muhammed Özden
0000-0003-1027-0015
Türkiye
Ahmet Demirel
0000-0002-7905-5850
Türkiye
Publication Date
December 3, 2019
Submission Date
November 29, 2019
Acceptance Date
December 27, 2019
Published in Issue
Year 2019 Volume: 3 Number: 12