Research Article
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Algılanmış sosyal desteğin doğum sonrası depresyona etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 298 - 302, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.433898

Abstract

Amaç: Özellikle doğumdan sonraki ilk aylarda gebelik ve depresyon arasındaki ilişki iyi bilinmektedir. Gebelikle ilgili depresyon hem anne, hem de bebek sağlığını tehlikeye atabilir. Bu araştırmada sosyal desteğin doğum sonrası dönemdeki annelerde depresyona olan etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Erzurum şehir merkezinde 110 anneyi içeren kesitsel bir araştırma yürütüldü. Veriler Edinburg Postpartum Depresyon skalası (EPDS) ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanmış Depresyon Skalası (MSPSS) ile toplandı.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 28,8±5,9 yıl idi. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu ev hanımı idi ‎‎(%75,5; n=83). Katılımcıların  %26,4’ünün (n=29) depresyon öyküsü vardı. EPDS’ye göre annelerin %47,3’ü (n=52) kesme düzeyinin üzerinde puana sahipti. Ortalama ‎EPDS ve MSPSS puanları sırasıyla 12,0±4,7 ve 58,3±13,0 idi. EPDS ve MSPSS puanları arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptandı (r=-0.42; p<0.001)‎.

Sonuç: Sosyal destek ve doğum sonrası depresyon sıkı bir şekilde ilişkilidir. Depresyonun anne, bebek ve aile üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için özellikle yüksek risk altındaki bölgelerde birinci basamak sağlık hizmeti sunucularıyla bağlantılı olarak doğum sonrası depresyonun erken tanınması için etkili tarama yöntemleri kullanılmalıdır.


References

  • 1. Gabbard G. Mood disorders: psychodynamic etiology. Baltimore: Williams And Wilkins; 1995.
  • 2. Brown S, Lumley J. Physical health problems after childbirth and maternal depression at six to seven months postpartum. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107:1194–201. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11607.x.
  • 3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • 4. Uher R, Payne JL, Pavlova B, Perlis RH. Major depressive disorder in DSM-5: Implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM-IV. Depress Anxiety 2014;31:459–71.
  • 5. Libiger J. Depression is frequent in primary care. WPA Bull Depress 2005;10:1–4.
  • 6. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2013: Research for Universal Health Coverage. Luxembourg: 2013.
  • 7. Da Costa D, Larouche J, Dritsa M, Brender W. Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2000;2:148. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00128-7.
  • 8. Bowen A, Muhajarine N. Prevalence of Antenatal Depression in Women Enrolled in an Outreach Program in Canada. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2006;35:491–8. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2006.00064.x.
  • 9. Pereira PK, Lovisi GM, Pilowsky DL, Lima LA, Legay LF. Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2009;25:2725–36. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2009001200019.
  • 10. Karaçam Z, Ançel G. Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in pregnancy: a study in a Turkish population. Midwifery 2009;25:344–56. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2007.03.006.
  • 11. Caliskan D, Oncu B, Kose K, Ocaktan ME, Ozdemir O. Depression scores and associated factors in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a community-based study in Turkey. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2007;28:195–200. doi:10.1080/01674820701450649.
  • 12. Golbasi Z, Kelleci M, Kisacik G, Cetin A. Prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnancy among Turkish women. Matern Child Health J 2010;14:485–91. doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0459-0.
  • 13. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:782–6. doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.
  • 14. Holt-Lunstad J, Uchino BN. Social Support and Health. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons; 2015.
  • 15. Razurel C, Kaiser B, Sellenet C, Epiney M. Relation Between Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Coping Strategies and Maternal Well-Being: A Review of the Literature. Women Health 2013;53:74–99. doi:10.1080/03630242.2012.732681.
  • 16. Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess 1990;55:610–7. doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
  • 17. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med 2007;4:1623–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
  • 18. Beck AT, Guth D, Steer RA, Ball R. Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care. Behav Res Ther 1997;35:785–91. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00025-9.
  • 19. Aktürk Z, Dağdeviren N, Türe M, Tuğlu C. [The reliability and validity analysis of the Turkish version of Beck Depressıon Inventory for primary care]. Türk Ai̇le Heki̇mli̇ği Dergi̇si̇ 2005;9:117–22.
  • 20. Engindeniz A, Küey L, Kültür S. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması., 1996, p. 51–2.
  • 21. Lee DT, Yip SK, Chiu HF, et al. Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women. Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1998;172:433–7.
  • 22. Eker D, Arkar H. [Factorial Structure, Validity, and Reliability of Revised Form of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]. Türk Psikol Derg 1995;10:45–55.
  • 23. Ayvaz S, Hocaoglu C, Tiryaki A, Ak I. [Incidence of postpartum depression in Trabzon province and risk factors at gestation]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2006;17:243–51.
  • 24. Nur N, Çetinkaya S, Bakir DA, Demirel Y. [Prevalence of Postnatal Depression and Risk Factors in Women in Sivas City]. CÜ Tip Fakültesi Derg 2004;26:55–9.
  • 25. Sunter AT, Guz H, Canbaz S, Dundar C. [Postpartum Depression in Turkey: Prevalence and Related Factors]. Turk Soc Obs Gynecol 2006;3:26–31.
  • 26. Danaci AE, Dinc G, Deveci A, Sen FS, Icelli I. The prevalence of postpartum depression in Manisa province and Influencing factors. Türk Psikiyatr Derg 2000;11:204–11.
  • 27. Atasoy N, Bayar Ü, Sade H, et al. Clinical and sociodemographic risk factors effecting level of postpartum depressive symptoms during postpartum period. Turkiye Klin J Gynecol Obstet 2004;14:252–7.
  • 28. Aydin N, Inandi T, Karabulut N. Depression and associated factors among women within their first postnatal year in Erzurum province in eastern Turkey. Women Heal 2005;41:1–12. doi:10.1300/J013v41n02_01.
  • 29. Inandi T, Elci OC, Ozturk A, Egri M, Polat A, Sahin TK. Risk factors for depression in postnatal first year, in eastern Turkey. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1201–7. doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1201.
  • 30. Yildirim A, Hacihasanoglu R, Karakurt P. [The relationship between postpartum depression and social support and affecting factors]. Uluslararasi Insa Bilim Derg 2011;8:31–46.
  • 31. Klainin P, Arthur DG. Postpartum depression in Asian cultures: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46:1355–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.02.012.
  • 32. Stepanikova I, Kukla L. Is Perceived Discrimination in Pregnancy Prospectively Linked to Postpartum Depression? Exploring the Role of Education. Matern Child Health J 2017;21:1669–77. doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2259-7.
  • 33. Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geçkil E, Sunar-Reeder B. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008;34:585–93. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00718.x.
  • 34. Beck CT. Predictors of Postpartum Depression. Nurs Res 2001;50:275–85. doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004.
  • 35. Hahn-Holbrook J, Dunkel Schetter C, Arora C, Hobel CJ. Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone mediates the association between prenatal social support and postpartum depression. Clin Psychol Sci 2013;1:253–65. doi:10.1177/2167702612470646.
  • 36. Webster J, Linnane JWJ, Dibley LM, Hinson JK, Starrenburg SE, Roberts JA. Measuring social support in pregnancy: Can it be simple and meaningful? Birth 2000;27:97–101. doi:10.1046/j.1523-536x.2000.00097.x.
  • 37. Myors KA, Schmied V, Johnson M, Cleary M. “My special time”: Australian women’s experiences of accessing a specialist perinatal and infant mental health service. Heal Soc Care Community 2014;22:268–77. doi:10.1111/hsc.12079.

The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 298 - 302, 01.09.2018
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.433898

Abstract

Aim: Links between pregnancy and depression, especially during the first postpartum months are well recognized. Pregnancy-related depression may harm the mother as well as her baby. We aimed to investigate the effects of social support on depression in mothers during the postpartum period.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Erzurum city center involving 110 mothers. Data was collected using The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.8±5.9 years. Majority of the participants were housewives (75.5%; n=83). Of the participants, 26.4% (n=29) reported of having depression history. According to the EPDS, 47.3% of the mothers (n=52) had scores above the cutoff. The mean EPDS and MSPSS scores were 12.0±4.7 and 58.3±13.0, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the EPDS and the MSPSS scores (r=-0.42; p<0.001)

Conclusion: Social support and postpartum depression are firmly connected. Effective screening methods and early detection of postpartum depression should be utilized in connection with the primary healthcare providers, especially in areas with high risk, to prevent harmful effects of postpartum depression on maternal, infant and family health.


References

  • 1. Gabbard G. Mood disorders: psychodynamic etiology. Baltimore: Williams And Wilkins; 1995.
  • 2. Brown S, Lumley J. Physical health problems after childbirth and maternal depression at six to seven months postpartum. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2000;107:1194–201. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11607.x.
  • 3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • 4. Uher R, Payne JL, Pavlova B, Perlis RH. Major depressive disorder in DSM-5: Implications for clinical practice and research of changes from DSM-IV. Depress Anxiety 2014;31:459–71.
  • 5. Libiger J. Depression is frequent in primary care. WPA Bull Depress 2005;10:1–4.
  • 6. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2013: Research for Universal Health Coverage. Luxembourg: 2013.
  • 7. Da Costa D, Larouche J, Dritsa M, Brender W. Psychosocial correlates of prepartum and postpartum depressed mood. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2000;2:148. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00128-7.
  • 8. Bowen A, Muhajarine N. Prevalence of Antenatal Depression in Women Enrolled in an Outreach Program in Canada. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2006;35:491–8. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2006.00064.x.
  • 9. Pereira PK, Lovisi GM, Pilowsky DL, Lima LA, Legay LF. Depression during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors among women attending a public health clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2009;25:2725–36. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2009001200019.
  • 10. Karaçam Z, Ançel G. Depression, anxiety and influencing factors in pregnancy: a study in a Turkish population. Midwifery 2009;25:344–56. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2007.03.006.
  • 11. Caliskan D, Oncu B, Kose K, Ocaktan ME, Ozdemir O. Depression scores and associated factors in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a community-based study in Turkey. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2007;28:195–200. doi:10.1080/01674820701450649.
  • 12. Golbasi Z, Kelleci M, Kisacik G, Cetin A. Prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnancy among Turkish women. Matern Child Health J 2010;14:485–91. doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0459-0.
  • 13. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:782–6. doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.
  • 14. Holt-Lunstad J, Uchino BN. Social Support and Health. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons; 2015.
  • 15. Razurel C, Kaiser B, Sellenet C, Epiney M. Relation Between Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Coping Strategies and Maternal Well-Being: A Review of the Literature. Women Health 2013;53:74–99. doi:10.1080/03630242.2012.732681.
  • 16. Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric Characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess 1990;55:610–7. doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095.
  • 17. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med 2007;4:1623–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296.
  • 18. Beck AT, Guth D, Steer RA, Ball R. Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care. Behav Res Ther 1997;35:785–91. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00025-9.
  • 19. Aktürk Z, Dağdeviren N, Türe M, Tuğlu C. [The reliability and validity analysis of the Turkish version of Beck Depressıon Inventory for primary care]. Türk Ai̇le Heki̇mli̇ği Dergi̇si̇ 2005;9:117–22.
  • 20. Engindeniz A, Küey L, Kültür S. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması., 1996, p. 51–2.
  • 21. Lee DT, Yip SK, Chiu HF, et al. Detecting postnatal depression in Chinese women. Validation of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1998;172:433–7.
  • 22. Eker D, Arkar H. [Factorial Structure, Validity, and Reliability of Revised Form of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]. Türk Psikol Derg 1995;10:45–55.
  • 23. Ayvaz S, Hocaoglu C, Tiryaki A, Ak I. [Incidence of postpartum depression in Trabzon province and risk factors at gestation]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2006;17:243–51.
  • 24. Nur N, Çetinkaya S, Bakir DA, Demirel Y. [Prevalence of Postnatal Depression and Risk Factors in Women in Sivas City]. CÜ Tip Fakültesi Derg 2004;26:55–9.
  • 25. Sunter AT, Guz H, Canbaz S, Dundar C. [Postpartum Depression in Turkey: Prevalence and Related Factors]. Turk Soc Obs Gynecol 2006;3:26–31.
  • 26. Danaci AE, Dinc G, Deveci A, Sen FS, Icelli I. The prevalence of postpartum depression in Manisa province and Influencing factors. Türk Psikiyatr Derg 2000;11:204–11.
  • 27. Atasoy N, Bayar Ü, Sade H, et al. Clinical and sociodemographic risk factors effecting level of postpartum depressive symptoms during postpartum period. Turkiye Klin J Gynecol Obstet 2004;14:252–7.
  • 28. Aydin N, Inandi T, Karabulut N. Depression and associated factors among women within their first postnatal year in Erzurum province in eastern Turkey. Women Heal 2005;41:1–12. doi:10.1300/J013v41n02_01.
  • 29. Inandi T, Elci OC, Ozturk A, Egri M, Polat A, Sahin TK. Risk factors for depression in postnatal first year, in eastern Turkey. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1201–7. doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1201.
  • 30. Yildirim A, Hacihasanoglu R, Karakurt P. [The relationship between postpartum depression and social support and affecting factors]. Uluslararasi Insa Bilim Derg 2011;8:31–46.
  • 31. Klainin P, Arthur DG. Postpartum depression in Asian cultures: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46:1355–73. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.02.012.
  • 32. Stepanikova I, Kukla L. Is Perceived Discrimination in Pregnancy Prospectively Linked to Postpartum Depression? Exploring the Role of Education. Matern Child Health J 2017;21:1669–77. doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2259-7.
  • 33. Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geçkil E, Sunar-Reeder B. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008;34:585–93. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00718.x.
  • 34. Beck CT. Predictors of Postpartum Depression. Nurs Res 2001;50:275–85. doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004.
  • 35. Hahn-Holbrook J, Dunkel Schetter C, Arora C, Hobel CJ. Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone mediates the association between prenatal social support and postpartum depression. Clin Psychol Sci 2013;1:253–65. doi:10.1177/2167702612470646.
  • 36. Webster J, Linnane JWJ, Dibley LM, Hinson JK, Starrenburg SE, Roberts JA. Measuring social support in pregnancy: Can it be simple and meaningful? Birth 2000;27:97–101. doi:10.1046/j.1523-536x.2000.00097.x.
  • 37. Myors KA, Schmied V, Johnson M, Cleary M. “My special time”: Australian women’s experiences of accessing a specialist perinatal and infant mental health service. Heal Soc Care Community 2014;22:268–77. doi:10.1111/hsc.12079.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Kenan Taştan 0000-0002-6020-1379

Halime Pınar Demiröz This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Taştan, K., & Demiröz, H. P. (2018). The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2(3), 298-302. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.433898
AMA Taştan K, Demiröz HP. The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression. J Surg Med. September 2018;2(3):298-302. doi:10.28982/josam.433898
Chicago Taştan, Kenan, and Halime Pınar Demiröz. “The Effects of Perceived Social Support on Postpartum Depression”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2, no. 3 (September 2018): 298-302. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.433898.
EndNote Taştan K, Demiröz HP (September 1, 2018) The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2 3 298–302.
IEEE K. Taştan and H. P. Demiröz, “The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression”, J Surg Med, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 298–302, 2018, doi: 10.28982/josam.433898.
ISNAD Taştan, Kenan - Demiröz, Halime Pınar. “The Effects of Perceived Social Support on Postpartum Depression”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2/3 (September 2018), 298-302. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.433898.
JAMA Taştan K, Demiröz HP. The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression. J Surg Med. 2018;2:298–302.
MLA Taştan, Kenan and Halime Pınar Demiröz. “The Effects of Perceived Social Support on Postpartum Depression”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 2, no. 3, 2018, pp. 298-02, doi:10.28982/josam.433898.
Vancouver Taştan K, Demiröz HP. The effects of perceived social support on postpartum depression. J Surg Med. 2018;2(3):298-302.