Research Article
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Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 366 - 370, 28.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.518289

Abstract

Aim: Persons with type D personality have been shown to be predisposed to depression and anxiety disorders. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies which have investigated the relationship between panic disorder (PD) and type D personality. Our aim in the current study was to determine whether PD was associated with Type D personality, anxiety, depression, childhood trauma and somatosensory amplification by comparing the characteristics of patients with and without PD.

Methods: We designed a questionnaire based case-control study. The study group included 100 patients with panic disorder, and control group consisted of 100 healthy individuals. Sociodemographic Data Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Type D Personality Scale (DS14), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS) were carried out for each participant.

Results: The patient and control groups were found to be similar in terms of sex, marriage status, education status and employment status. Compared to the control group, scores for BAI (P<0.01), BDI (P<0.01), CTQ (P<0.01), DS-14 (P<0.01) were found to be significantly higher in the patient group. The frequency of Type D personality was also higher in the patient group.

Conclusion: Our findings show that patients with PD have significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression, Type D Personality, CTQ total scores measures compared to controls. We did not find any associations between PD and somatosensory amplification. We believe our findings will contribute significantly to the limited literature on this topic.

References

  • 1. Konkan R, Yalçınkaya S, Erkıran M, Erkmen H. Panik bozukluğu ve komorbid tanılar. Düşünen Adam. 2003;6:219-22.
  • 2. Goodwin RD, Faravelli C, Rosi S, Cosci F, Truglia E, de Graaf R, et al. The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;15(4):435-43.
  • 3. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. (vol 62, pg 617, 2005). Arch Gen Psychiat. 2005;62(7):709-.
  • 4. Kim MK, Kim B, Choi TK, Lee SH. White matter correlates of anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2017;207:148-56.
  • 5. Casey LM, Oei TP, Newcombe PA. An integrated cognitive model of panic disorder: The role of positive and negative cognitions. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004;24(5):529-55.
  • 6. Horesh N, Amir M, Kedem P, Goldberger Y, Kotler M. Life events in childhood, adolescence and adulthood and the relationship to panic disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1997;96(5):373-8.
  • 7. Denollet J, Schiffer AA, Spek V. A general propensity to psychological distress affects cardiovascular outcomes: evidence from research on the type D (distressed) personality profile. Circulation: cardiovascular quality outcomes. 2010;3(5):546-57.
  • 8. Michal M, Wiltink J, Grande G, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Type D personality is independently associated with major psychosocial stressors and increased health care utilization in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;134(1):396-403.
  • 9. Mols F, Denollet J. Type D personality in the general population: a systematic review of health status, mechanisms of disease, and work-related problems. Health Quality of Life Outcomes. 2010;8(1):9.
  • 10. Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic medicine. 1988;50(5):510-9.
  • 11. Beck AT, Steer R. Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). BiB. 1988;54.
  • 12. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1961;4(6):561-71.
  • 13. Bernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, Foote J, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, et al. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American journal of psychiatry. 1994;151(8):1132.
  • 14. Denollet J. DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosomatic medicine. 2005;67(1):89-97.
  • 15. Michal M, Wiltink J, Grande G, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Type D personality is independently associated with major psychosocial stressors and increased health care utilization in the general population. Journal of affective disorders. 2011;134(1-3):396-403.
  • 16. Grande G, Romppel M, Glaesmer H, Petrowski K, Herrmann-Lingen C. The type-D scale (DS14)–Norms and prevalence of type-D personality in a population-based representative sample in Germany. Personality Individual Differences. 2010;48(8):935-9.
  • 17. Kuijpers PMJC, Denollet J, Wellens HJJ, Crijns HM, Honig A. Noncardiac chest pain in the emergency department: the role of cardiac history, anxiety or depression and Type D personality. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. 2007;14(2):273-9.
  • 18. Lambertus F, Herrmann-Lingen C, Fritzsche K, Hamacher S, Hellmich M, Jünger J, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders among depressed coronary patients with and without Type D personality. Results of the multi-center SPIRR-CAD trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018 Jan - Feb;50:69-75.
  • 19. Brown GW, Harris TO, Eales MJ. Social factors and comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders. The British journal of psychiatry Supplement. 1996(30):50-7.
  • 20. Marshall RD, Schneier FR, Lin SH, Simpson HB, Vermes D, Liebowitz M. Childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms in panic disorder. The American journal of psychiatry. 2000;157(3):451-3.
  • 21. DeWit DJ, Chandler-Coutts M, Offord DR, King G, McDougall J, Specht J, et al. Gender differences in the effects of family adversity on the risk of onset of DSM-III-R social phobia. J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(5):479-502.
  • 22. Fernandes V, Osorio FL. Are there associations between early emotional trauma and anxiety disorders? Evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2015;30(6):756-64.
  • 23. Bandelow B, Spath C, Tichauer GA, Broocks A, Hajak G, Ruther E. Early traumatic life events, parental attitudes, family history, and birth risk factors in patients with panic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2002;43(4):269-78.
  • 24. Bandelow B, Charimo Torrente A, Wedekind D, Broocks A, Hajak G, Ruther E. Early traumatic life events, parental rearing styles, family history of mental disorders, and birth risk factors in patients with social anxiety disorder. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. 2004;254(6):397-405.
  • 25. Goodwin RD, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood. Psychological medicine. 2005;35(6):881-90.
  • 26. Seganfredo AC, Torres M, Salum GA, Blaya C, Acosta J, Eizirik C, et al. Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). 2009;31(4):314-21.
  • 27. Clark DM. A cognitive model of panic attacks. 1988.
  • 28. Kumar V, Avasthi A, Grover S. Somatosensory amplification, health anxiety, and alexithymia in generalized anxiety disorder. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2018;27(1):47-52.
  • 29. Spinhoven P, van der Does AJ. Somatization and somatosensory amplification in psychiatric outpatients: an explorative study. Comprehensive psychiatry. 1997;38(2):93-7.
  • 30. De Berardis D, Campanella D, Gambi F, La Rovere R, Sepede G, Core L, et al. Alexithymia, fear of bodily sensations, and somatosensory amplification in young outpatients with panic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2007;48(3):239-46.

Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda anksiyete, depresyon, D tipi kişilik, bedensel duyumları abartma seviyeleri ve çocukluk çağı travmaları

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 366 - 370, 28.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.518289

Abstract

Amaç: D tipi kişiliğe sahip kişilerin depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarına yatkın oldukları gösterilmiştir. Ancak, bildiğimiz kadarıyla panik bozukluğu ve D tipi kişilik arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran hiçbir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız, Panik bozukluk tanısı olan ve olmayan hastaların özelliklerini karşılaştırarak Panik bozukluğun D Tipi kişilik, kaygı, depresyon, bedensel duyumları abartma ve çocukluk çağı travmaları ile ilişkili olup olmadığını belirlemekti.

Yöntemler: Anket bazlı bir vaka kontrol çalışması tasarladık. Çalışmaya panik bozukluğu olan 100 kişi ve 100 sağlıklı kişi dahil edildi. Her bir katılımcıya Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ), D Tipi Kişilik Ölçeği (DS-14), Çocukluk Çağı Travma Ölçeği (ÇÇTÖ) ve Bedensel Duyumları abartma Ölçeği (BDAÖ) yapıldı.

Bulgular: Olgu ve kontrol gruplarının cinsiyet, evlilik durumu, eğitim ve çalışma durumu açısından farklılık olmadığı bulundu. Hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre BAÖ (P<0.01); BDÖ (P<0.01); ÇÇTÖ (P<0.01); DS-14 (P<0.01) anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. D Tipi kişilik sıklığı da hasta grubunda daha yüksekti.

Sonuç: Bulgularımız, Panik bozukluğu olan hastaların anksiyete, depresyon, D Tipi Kişilik, Çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantıları toplam puanları kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksektir. Panik bozukluk ve bedensel duyumları abartma arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulamadık. Bulgularımızın bu konudaki sınırlı literatüre önemli katkı sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

References

  • 1. Konkan R, Yalçınkaya S, Erkıran M, Erkmen H. Panik bozukluğu ve komorbid tanılar. Düşünen Adam. 2003;6:219-22.
  • 2. Goodwin RD, Faravelli C, Rosi S, Cosci F, Truglia E, de Graaf R, et al. The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;15(4):435-43.
  • 3. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. (vol 62, pg 617, 2005). Arch Gen Psychiat. 2005;62(7):709-.
  • 4. Kim MK, Kim B, Choi TK, Lee SH. White matter correlates of anxiety sensitivity in panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2017;207:148-56.
  • 5. Casey LM, Oei TP, Newcombe PA. An integrated cognitive model of panic disorder: The role of positive and negative cognitions. Clinical Psychology Review. 2004;24(5):529-55.
  • 6. Horesh N, Amir M, Kedem P, Goldberger Y, Kotler M. Life events in childhood, adolescence and adulthood and the relationship to panic disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1997;96(5):373-8.
  • 7. Denollet J, Schiffer AA, Spek V. A general propensity to psychological distress affects cardiovascular outcomes: evidence from research on the type D (distressed) personality profile. Circulation: cardiovascular quality outcomes. 2010;3(5):546-57.
  • 8. Michal M, Wiltink J, Grande G, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Type D personality is independently associated with major psychosocial stressors and increased health care utilization in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;134(1):396-403.
  • 9. Mols F, Denollet J. Type D personality in the general population: a systematic review of health status, mechanisms of disease, and work-related problems. Health Quality of Life Outcomes. 2010;8(1):9.
  • 10. Barsky AJ, Goodson JD, Lane RS, Cleary PD. The amplification of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic medicine. 1988;50(5):510-9.
  • 11. Beck AT, Steer R. Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). BiB. 1988;54.
  • 12. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1961;4(6):561-71.
  • 13. Bernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, Foote J, Lovejoy M, Wenzel K, et al. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American journal of psychiatry. 1994;151(8):1132.
  • 14. Denollet J. DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosomatic medicine. 2005;67(1):89-97.
  • 15. Michal M, Wiltink J, Grande G, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Type D personality is independently associated with major psychosocial stressors and increased health care utilization in the general population. Journal of affective disorders. 2011;134(1-3):396-403.
  • 16. Grande G, Romppel M, Glaesmer H, Petrowski K, Herrmann-Lingen C. The type-D scale (DS14)–Norms and prevalence of type-D personality in a population-based representative sample in Germany. Personality Individual Differences. 2010;48(8):935-9.
  • 17. Kuijpers PMJC, Denollet J, Wellens HJJ, Crijns HM, Honig A. Noncardiac chest pain in the emergency department: the role of cardiac history, anxiety or depression and Type D personality. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. 2007;14(2):273-9.
  • 18. Lambertus F, Herrmann-Lingen C, Fritzsche K, Hamacher S, Hellmich M, Jünger J, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders among depressed coronary patients with and without Type D personality. Results of the multi-center SPIRR-CAD trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018 Jan - Feb;50:69-75.
  • 19. Brown GW, Harris TO, Eales MJ. Social factors and comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders. The British journal of psychiatry Supplement. 1996(30):50-7.
  • 20. Marshall RD, Schneier FR, Lin SH, Simpson HB, Vermes D, Liebowitz M. Childhood trauma and dissociative symptoms in panic disorder. The American journal of psychiatry. 2000;157(3):451-3.
  • 21. DeWit DJ, Chandler-Coutts M, Offord DR, King G, McDougall J, Specht J, et al. Gender differences in the effects of family adversity on the risk of onset of DSM-III-R social phobia. J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(5):479-502.
  • 22. Fernandes V, Osorio FL. Are there associations between early emotional trauma and anxiety disorders? Evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2015;30(6):756-64.
  • 23. Bandelow B, Spath C, Tichauer GA, Broocks A, Hajak G, Ruther E. Early traumatic life events, parental attitudes, family history, and birth risk factors in patients with panic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2002;43(4):269-78.
  • 24. Bandelow B, Charimo Torrente A, Wedekind D, Broocks A, Hajak G, Ruther E. Early traumatic life events, parental rearing styles, family history of mental disorders, and birth risk factors in patients with social anxiety disorder. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. 2004;254(6):397-405.
  • 25. Goodwin RD, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Childhood abuse and familial violence and the risk of panic attacks and panic disorder in young adulthood. Psychological medicine. 2005;35(6):881-90.
  • 26. Seganfredo AC, Torres M, Salum GA, Blaya C, Acosta J, Eizirik C, et al. Gender differences in the associations between childhood trauma and parental bonding in panic disorder. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). 2009;31(4):314-21.
  • 27. Clark DM. A cognitive model of panic attacks. 1988.
  • 28. Kumar V, Avasthi A, Grover S. Somatosensory amplification, health anxiety, and alexithymia in generalized anxiety disorder. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2018;27(1):47-52.
  • 29. Spinhoven P, van der Does AJ. Somatization and somatosensory amplification in psychiatric outpatients: an explorative study. Comprehensive psychiatry. 1997;38(2):93-7.
  • 30. De Berardis D, Campanella D, Gambi F, La Rovere R, Sepede G, Core L, et al. Alexithymia, fear of bodily sensations, and somatosensory amplification in young outpatients with panic disorder. Psychosomatics. 2007;48(3):239-46.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Yasin Taşdelen 0000-0003-4985-0690

İbrahim Yağcı 0000-0003-0755-2695

Publication Date May 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Taşdelen, Y., & Yağcı, İ. (2019). Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 3(5), 366-370. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.518289
AMA Taşdelen Y, Yağcı İ. Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. J Surg Med. May 2019;3(5):366-370. doi:10.28982/josam.518289
Chicago Taşdelen, Yasin, and İbrahim Yağcı. “Anxiety, Depression, Type D Personality, Somatosensory Amplification Levels and Childhood Traumas in Patients With Panic Disorders”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3, no. 5 (May 2019): 366-70. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.518289.
EndNote Taşdelen Y, Yağcı İ (May 1, 2019) Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3 5 366–370.
IEEE Y. Taşdelen and İ. Yağcı, “Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders”, J Surg Med, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 366–370, 2019, doi: 10.28982/josam.518289.
ISNAD Taşdelen, Yasin - Yağcı, İbrahim. “Anxiety, Depression, Type D Personality, Somatosensory Amplification Levels and Childhood Traumas in Patients With Panic Disorders”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3/5 (May 2019), 366-370. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.518289.
JAMA Taşdelen Y, Yağcı İ. Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. J Surg Med. 2019;3:366–370.
MLA Taşdelen, Yasin and İbrahim Yağcı. “Anxiety, Depression, Type D Personality, Somatosensory Amplification Levels and Childhood Traumas in Patients With Panic Disorders”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 3, no. 5, 2019, pp. 366-70, doi:10.28982/josam.518289.
Vancouver Taşdelen Y, Yağcı İ. Anxiety, depression, type D personality, somatosensory amplification levels and childhood traumas in patients with panic disorders. J Surg Med. 2019;3(5):366-70.