The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sleeping status

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 5, 334 - 339, 01.05.2020

Ülkü Figen Demir

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.737088

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Aim: Sleep is a physiological condition that is needed by the animal organism and required for the regular function of organ systems and mental health. The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread anxiety worldwide with health-related, economic, and social burdens. The aim of this study is to determine the sleep-related perturbances and the level of anxiety in a Turkish population and compare the outcomes between the genders and working status of the subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We performed a phone-based cross-sectional semi-structured questionnaire on 100 adult volunteers in May 2020. Sociodemographic data, the responses for ten questions on sleep performance and their level of anxiety and life satisfaction were noted and reported.
Results: Male subjects reported a higher incidence of change in their waking hours, and an increased need for sleep during daytime (P=0.008). The anxiety level was significantly higher among female subjects, and the main causes of the anxiety were different between the two groups (P=0.035, P<0.001, respectively). Female subjects described a higher rate of change in their well-being (P<0.001), and the overall scores for well-being and life satisfaction were significantly lower among the females (P<0.001). The non-working group had an increased incidence of severe anxiety and an increased ratio of change in their lifestyle in comparison to usual (P=0.006, P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this report is the first survey analysis on anxiety and sleep performance following the COVID-19 infections in Turkey. We report a high incidence of impaired sleep status, change of lifestyle, satisfaction, and increased anxiety in the population independent from the gender and current working status. 

Keywords

COVID-19, Pandemic, Sleeping status, Anxiety

COVID-19 pandemisinin uyku durumu üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Uyku, organizma tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan ve organ sistemlerinin ve zihinsel sağlığın düzenli işlevi için gerekli olan fizyolojik bir durumdur. Son zamanlarda COVID-19 salgını dünya çapında sağlık, ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar ile ilgili yaygın endişeye neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk toplumundaki uyku ile ilgili sorunları ve kaygı düzeyini belirlemek ve katılımcıların cinsiyetleri ile COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında aktif olarak çalışma durumları arasındaki sonuçları karşılaştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: 100 adet yetişkin, gönüllü birey üzerinde telefon temelli kesitsel yarı yapılandırılmış bir anket uygulandı. Sosyodemografik veriler, uyku performansı, kaygı düzeyleri ve yaşam memnuniyeti ile ilgili on soruya verilen yanıtlar analiz edilerek raporlandı..

Bulgular: Erkek katılımcıların uyanıklık saatlerindeki değişim ve gündüz uykusuna artmış düzeyde gereksinimi daha yüksek oranda saptandı (P=0,008). Anksiyete düzeyi kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti ve anksiyetenin ana nedenleri iki grup arasında farklıydı (sırasıyla P=0,035, P<0,001). Kadın katılımcılar, sağlık durumlarında daha yüksek oranda bir değişim tanımladılar (P<0,001) ve sağlık durumu ile yaşam memnuniyeti için toplam puan kadınlar arasında anlamlı olarak daha düşük olarak saptandı (P<0,001). Pandemi döneminde aktif olarak çalışmayan grubun anksiyete oranı daha yüksek ve yaşam tarzında meydana gelen değişikliklerin oranı anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla P=0,006, P<0,001).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de COVID-19 enfeksiyonlarını takiben ortaya çıkan kaygı ve uyku bozukluğu üzerine yapılan ilk araştırma analizidir. Çalışmamız ile, Türk toplumunda cinsiyet ve mevcut çalışma durumundan bağımsız olarak uyku bozukluğu, yaşam tarzı değişikliği, memnuniyet ve artan kaygı insidansının yüksek olduğunu bildirmekteyiz.

Keywords

COVID-19, Pandemi, Uyku durumu, Kaygı

References

• 1. Unhealthy Sleep-Related Behaviors --- 12 States, 2009, CDC, March 4, 2011 / 60(08);233-238. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a2.htm
• 2. Grandner MA, Alfonso-Miller P, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Shetty S, Shenoy S, et al. Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2016 Sep;31(5):551-65. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000324.
• 3. Mendoza JF, He F, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO. Interplay of Objective Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases on Cause‐Specific Mortality. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019;8(20). doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013043
• 4. Shamim SA, Warriach ZI, Tariq MA, Rana KF, Malik BH. Insomnia: Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cureus. 2019 Oct 26;11(10):e6004. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6004.
• 5. Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2007;3(5):553-67.
• 6. Coronavirus cases. Available at: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-cases// Last accessed: 12 May 2020.
• 7. Honigsbaum M. An inexpressible dread": psychoses of influenza at fin-de-siècle. Lancet. 2013 Mar 23;381(9871):988-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60701-1.
• 8. Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Apr 13:S0889-1591(20)30489-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027.
• 9. People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
• 10. Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J. Sleep and immune function. Pflugers Arch. 2012 Jan;463(1):121-37. doi: 10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0.
• 11. WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. WHO. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic
• 12. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Apr 12;288:112954. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954.
• 13. Wang S, Xie L, Xu Y, Yu S, Yao B, Xiang D. Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occup Med (Lond). 2020 May 6. pii: kqaa074. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa074.
• 14. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak. Front Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 14;11:306. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306.
• 15. Zarghami M . Psychiatric Aspects of Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection, Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2020;14(1):e102957. doi: 10.5812/ijpbs.102957.
• 16. Banerjee DD. The other side of COVID-19: Impact on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Apr 11;288:112966. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112966. Epub ahead of print.
• 17. Fineberg NA, Van Ameringen M, Drummond L, Hollander E, Stein DJ, Geller D, et al. How to manage obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) under COVID-19: A clinician's guide from the International College of Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) and the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Research Network (OCRN) of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. Compr Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 12;100:152174. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152174.
• 18. Pagel JF, Parnes BL. Medications for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders: An Overview. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;3(3):118-125. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v03n0303.