Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Comparison of primipara women's pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 11, 1018 - 1022, 01.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.765082

Abstract

Aim: Sexual dysfunction can affect women's quality of life and marriage. This study compared the sexual lives of primipara women before, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
Methods: This descriptive follow-up research comprised 100 primipara women who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected using the survey form and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale. Number, percentage, means, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum values and Friedman analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: Women's sexual desire and orgasm level before pregnancy were significantly better than their postpartum orgasm level. Our study results showed that the level of sexual arousal and lubrication before pregnancy was significantly better than that after birth. We also determined that women's postpartum orgasm satisfaction was significantly less than their pre-pregnancy and pregnancy orgasm satisfaction. Based on Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale average, the sexual dysfunction of women before pregnancy was significantly less than during the pregnancy and postpartum periods and the pregnancy period was better than the postpartum period (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study has reported that sexual dysfunction in women is less during pre-pregnancy; however, it increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

References

  • 1. Taylor TF. The origins of human sexual culture. Journal of Psychology&Human Sexuality. 2007;18(2):69-105. doi: 10.1300/J056v18n02_03.
  • 2. Moseley A. Philosophy from A to Z. 2. Printing. Istanbul: NTV Publications; 2010. pp.55-8.
  • 3. Bozdemir N, Özcan S. Sexuality and sexual health overview. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2011;5(4):37-46.
  • 4. Karakoyunlu F, Oncel S. Example of the nursing care process in women's sexual dysfunctions. Ataturk Univ J Nurs Stud. 2009;12(3):8-10.
  • 5. Fiskin G, Beji N. Valuation of sexual function and role of nurse. i.u. florence nightingale faculty of nursing, department of women's health and diseases nursing. Androl Bull. 2010;73–6.
  • 6. Oberg K, Fugl-Meyer AR, Fugl-Meyer KS. On categorization and quantification of women’s sexual dysfunctions: an epidemiological approach. Int J Impot Res. 2004; 6:261–69.
  • 7. Golbasi Z, Tugut, N Erenel A, Eroğlu K. Sexual dysfunction, prevalence and related factors in married women admitted to gynecology polyclinic. Repub Med J. 2014;36:1–10. doi: 10.7197/cmj.v36i1.1008002434.
  • 8. Yarali S. Sexual dysfunction in married women and investigation of quality of sexual life. Department of Public Health Nursing [Master's Thesis]. Erzurum, Turkey, 2013.
  • 9. Gökyıldız S, Beji NK. The moneffects of pregnancy on sexual life. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2005;31(3):201-15.
  • 10. Incesu C. Sexual functions and sexual dysfunctions. Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;3:3-13.
  • 11. Arslan F, Uzun İ. Examination of nursing postnatal training and counseling services. Turkey Clinics J Med Sci. 2008;28:736-742.
  • 12. Rogers RG, Leeman LM, Migliaccio L, Albers LL. Does the severity of spontaneous genital tract trauma affect postpartum pelvic floor function?. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19(3):429–35. doi: 10.1007/s00192-007-0458-x.
  • 13. Blackburn ST. Maternal, fetal & neonatal physiology:A clinical perspective. 2 Ed., Saunders, New York. Nd; 2003, pp. 158-79,
  • 14. Doganer, G, Bekar M. Determining the problems of women having vaginal delivery in the early postpartum period for the care of her and newborn. Health and Society. 2006;16(4):60-70.
  • 15. Eryilmaz HY, Abali S, Dondar C, Kurnaz E. Sexual functions of women in postpartum period and affecting factors. 4th International Congress of Reproductive Health Book, Bilkent Hotel and Conference Center, Ankara, Turkey; 20-23 April, 2005, pp. 198,
  • 16. Barrett G, Pendry E, Peacock J, Victor C, Thakar R, Manyonda I. Women’s sexual health after childbirth. An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000;107(2):186-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11689.x.
  • 17. Demireloz Akyuz M, Ceber Turfan E, Cetintas Oner S, Sakar T, Mamik Aktay D. Sexual functions in pregnancy: different situations in near geography:a case study on Turkey, Iran and Greece. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2020;33(2):222–9. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1488164.
  • 18. Akyüz EO. Postnatal sexual problems and investigation of affecting factors. Published Master Thesis. Adnan Menderes University Institute of Health Sciences Health and Obstetrics Nursing, Aydin, Turkey, 2009.
  • 19. Yoruk F, Karacam Z. The effectiveness of PLISSIT model in solving sexual problems of postpartum women. Published Master's Thesis, Institute of Adnan Menderes University of Health Sciences Health and Obstetrics Nursing, Aydin, Turkey in 2014.
  • 20. McGahuey AC, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, Moreno FA, Delgado PL. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): Reliability and validity. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2000;26:25–40. doi: 10.1080/009262300278623.
  • 21. Soykan A. The reliability and validity of arizona sexual experiences scale in Turkish ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2004;16:531-4.
  • 22. Bayık A. Cs in nursing research. (In) the first of nursing research, process and methods. the Focus Offset, Istanbul, Turkey; 2004,pp:27-48,
  • 23. Kaviani M, Rahnavard T, Azima S, Emamghoreishi M, Asadi N, Sayadi M. The effect of education on sexual health of women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2014; 2(2):94.
  • 24. Yeniel AO, Petri E. Pregnancy, childbirth and sexual function: perceptions and facts. Int Urogynecol J. 2014; 25(1):5–14. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2118-7.
  • 25. Hobbs K, Bramwell R & May K. Sexuality, sexual behaviour and pregnancy. Sexual and Marital Therapy. 1999;4:371–83.
  • 26. Fan D, Li S, Wang W, Tian G, Liu L, Wu S, et al. Sexual dysfunction and mode of delivery in chinese primiparous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017;17:408. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1583-2.
  • 27. Banaei M, Tork Zahrani S, Pormehr-Yabandeh A, Ozgoli G, Azad M. Investigating the ımpact of counseling based on PLISSIT model on sexual ıntimacy and satisfaction of breastfeeding women. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2016;5(3):489–99.
  • 28. Demir O, Parlakay N, Gök G, Esen AA. Sexual dysfunction in female hospital workers. Andrology. 2007;33 (2):156-60.
  • 29. Ege E, Akın B, Yaralı Arslan, S, Bilgili N. Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in healthy women. TÜBAV Journal of Science. 2010;3(1):137-44.
  • 30. Brtnicka H, Weiss P, Zverina J. Human sexuality during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Bratislava Medical Journal 2009;110:427–31.
  • 31. Johnson CE. Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2011;8:1267–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02223.x.
  • 32. Trutnovsky G, Haas J, Lang U, Petru E. Women’s perception of sexuality during pregnancy and after birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2006;46:282–7.
  • 33. McCabe MP, Sharlip ID, Lewis R, Atalla E, Balon R, Fisher A, et al. Incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women and men: a consensus statement from the fourth ınternational consultation on sexual medicine 2015. J Sex Med. 2015;13(2):144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.034.
  • 34. Yıldız H. The relation between prepregnancy sexuality and sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a prospective study. Journal of Sex & Marıtal Therapy. 2015;41(1):49–59. doi: 10.1080/0092623X.2013.811452.
  • 35. Komurcu N, Demirci N, Yildiz H, Gün C. Sexuality in Turkish journals of nursing: a literature review. J Train Res Nurs. 2014;11(1):9–17.
  • 36. Sadi Z, Aksu H. Sexual life of partners during pregnancy and affecting factors. Anatolian J Nurs Health Sci. 2016;19(2).
  • 37. Banael M, Morldl A, Dashti S. Sexual dysfunction and its associated factors after delivery: longitudinal study in iranian women. Mater Sociomed. 2018;30(3):198-203. doi: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.198-203.
  • 38. Erenel AS, Eroglu K, Vural G & Dilbaz B. A pilot study: in what ways do women in turkey experience a change in their sexuality during pregnancy. Sexuality and Disability. 2011;29:207–16. doi: 10.1007/s11195-011-9200-1.
  • 39. Glazener CM. Sexual function after childbirth: women’s experiences, persistent morbidity and lack of professional recognition. British J Obstetr Gynaecol. 1997;104(3):330–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11463.x.
  • 40. Xu XY, Yao ZW, Wang HY, Zhou Q, Zhang W. Women’s postpartum sexuality and delivery types. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2003;38(4):219–22.
  • 41. Türk R, Erkaya R. An evaluatıon of the postpartum sexual lıves of prımıparous women. International Refereed Journal of Nursing Researches;T January / February / March / April 2019 Winter Spring Semester, Issue: 15. doi: 10.17371/UHD.2019.1.10.
  • 42. Safarinejad MR. Female sexual dysfunction in a populationbased study in iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Impot Res. 2006;18:382. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901440.
  • 43. Johnson SD, Phelps DL, Cottler LB. The association of sexual dysfunction and substance use among a community epidemiological sample. Arch Sex Behav. 2004 33:55. doi: 10.1023/B:ASEB.0000007462.97961.5a.
  • 44. Wouda JC, Hartman PM, Bakker RM, Bakker JO, van de Wiel HBM & Schultz WCMW. Vaginal plethysmography in women with dyspareunia. The Journal of Sex Research. 1998;35:141–7. doi: 10.1080/00224499809551927.
  • 45. Brauer M, ter Kuile MM, Janssen SA, Laanc E. The effect of painrelated fear on sexual arousal in women with superficial dyspareunia. European Journal of Pain. 2007;11:788–98. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.12.006.

Primipar kadınların gebelik öncesi, gebelik ve doğum sonrası cinsel yaşamlarının karşılaştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 11, 1018 - 1022, 01.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.765082

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, primipar kadınların gebelik öncesi, gebelik ve doğum sonrası cinsel yaşamlarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı izlem araştırması olarak yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 100 primipar kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri; anket formu ve Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, medyan, minimum, maksimum değerleri ve friedman analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda, kadınların gebelik öncesi cinsel istek ve orgazm düzeyi doğum sonrası orgazm düzeyinden anlamlı derecede daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda, gebelik öncesi cinsel uyarılma ve lubrikasyon, düzeyinin doğum sonrası cinsel uyarılma ve lubrikasyon düzeyinden anlamlı derecede daha iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda kadınların doğum sonu orgazm tatminin, gebelik öncesi ve gebelik dönemi orgazm tatmininden anlamlı derecede daha kötü düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Arizona Cinsel Yaşantılar Ölçeği ortalamasına baktığımızda, kadınların gebelik öncesi dönemde cinsel disfonksiyonlarının gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemden, gebelik döneminin ise, doğum sonu dönemden anlamlı düzeyde daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0,001).
Sonuç: Kadınların gebelik öncesi dönemde daha az olmak üzere cinsel disfonksiyonun gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemlerde artarak devam ettiği belirlenmiştir.

References

  • 1. Taylor TF. The origins of human sexual culture. Journal of Psychology&Human Sexuality. 2007;18(2):69-105. doi: 10.1300/J056v18n02_03.
  • 2. Moseley A. Philosophy from A to Z. 2. Printing. Istanbul: NTV Publications; 2010. pp.55-8.
  • 3. Bozdemir N, Özcan S. Sexuality and sexual health overview. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2011;5(4):37-46.
  • 4. Karakoyunlu F, Oncel S. Example of the nursing care process in women's sexual dysfunctions. Ataturk Univ J Nurs Stud. 2009;12(3):8-10.
  • 5. Fiskin G, Beji N. Valuation of sexual function and role of nurse. i.u. florence nightingale faculty of nursing, department of women's health and diseases nursing. Androl Bull. 2010;73–6.
  • 6. Oberg K, Fugl-Meyer AR, Fugl-Meyer KS. On categorization and quantification of women’s sexual dysfunctions: an epidemiological approach. Int J Impot Res. 2004; 6:261–69.
  • 7. Golbasi Z, Tugut, N Erenel A, Eroğlu K. Sexual dysfunction, prevalence and related factors in married women admitted to gynecology polyclinic. Repub Med J. 2014;36:1–10. doi: 10.7197/cmj.v36i1.1008002434.
  • 8. Yarali S. Sexual dysfunction in married women and investigation of quality of sexual life. Department of Public Health Nursing [Master's Thesis]. Erzurum, Turkey, 2013.
  • 9. Gökyıldız S, Beji NK. The moneffects of pregnancy on sexual life. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2005;31(3):201-15.
  • 10. Incesu C. Sexual functions and sexual dysfunctions. Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;3:3-13.
  • 11. Arslan F, Uzun İ. Examination of nursing postnatal training and counseling services. Turkey Clinics J Med Sci. 2008;28:736-742.
  • 12. Rogers RG, Leeman LM, Migliaccio L, Albers LL. Does the severity of spontaneous genital tract trauma affect postpartum pelvic floor function?. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008;19(3):429–35. doi: 10.1007/s00192-007-0458-x.
  • 13. Blackburn ST. Maternal, fetal & neonatal physiology:A clinical perspective. 2 Ed., Saunders, New York. Nd; 2003, pp. 158-79,
  • 14. Doganer, G, Bekar M. Determining the problems of women having vaginal delivery in the early postpartum period for the care of her and newborn. Health and Society. 2006;16(4):60-70.
  • 15. Eryilmaz HY, Abali S, Dondar C, Kurnaz E. Sexual functions of women in postpartum period and affecting factors. 4th International Congress of Reproductive Health Book, Bilkent Hotel and Conference Center, Ankara, Turkey; 20-23 April, 2005, pp. 198,
  • 16. Barrett G, Pendry E, Peacock J, Victor C, Thakar R, Manyonda I. Women’s sexual health after childbirth. An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000;107(2):186-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11689.x.
  • 17. Demireloz Akyuz M, Ceber Turfan E, Cetintas Oner S, Sakar T, Mamik Aktay D. Sexual functions in pregnancy: different situations in near geography:a case study on Turkey, Iran and Greece. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2020;33(2):222–9. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1488164.
  • 18. Akyüz EO. Postnatal sexual problems and investigation of affecting factors. Published Master Thesis. Adnan Menderes University Institute of Health Sciences Health and Obstetrics Nursing, Aydin, Turkey, 2009.
  • 19. Yoruk F, Karacam Z. The effectiveness of PLISSIT model in solving sexual problems of postpartum women. Published Master's Thesis, Institute of Adnan Menderes University of Health Sciences Health and Obstetrics Nursing, Aydin, Turkey in 2014.
  • 20. McGahuey AC, Gelenberg AJ, Laukes CA, Moreno FA, Delgado PL. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): Reliability and validity. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2000;26:25–40. doi: 10.1080/009262300278623.
  • 21. Soykan A. The reliability and validity of arizona sexual experiences scale in Turkish ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2004;16:531-4.
  • 22. Bayık A. Cs in nursing research. (In) the first of nursing research, process and methods. the Focus Offset, Istanbul, Turkey; 2004,pp:27-48,
  • 23. Kaviani M, Rahnavard T, Azima S, Emamghoreishi M, Asadi N, Sayadi M. The effect of education on sexual health of women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2014; 2(2):94.
  • 24. Yeniel AO, Petri E. Pregnancy, childbirth and sexual function: perceptions and facts. Int Urogynecol J. 2014; 25(1):5–14. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2118-7.
  • 25. Hobbs K, Bramwell R & May K. Sexuality, sexual behaviour and pregnancy. Sexual and Marital Therapy. 1999;4:371–83.
  • 26. Fan D, Li S, Wang W, Tian G, Liu L, Wu S, et al. Sexual dysfunction and mode of delivery in chinese primiparous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017;17:408. doi: 10.1186/s12884-017-1583-2.
  • 27. Banaei M, Tork Zahrani S, Pormehr-Yabandeh A, Ozgoli G, Azad M. Investigating the ımpact of counseling based on PLISSIT model on sexual ıntimacy and satisfaction of breastfeeding women. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci. 2016;5(3):489–99.
  • 28. Demir O, Parlakay N, Gök G, Esen AA. Sexual dysfunction in female hospital workers. Andrology. 2007;33 (2):156-60.
  • 29. Ege E, Akın B, Yaralı Arslan, S, Bilgili N. Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in healthy women. TÜBAV Journal of Science. 2010;3(1):137-44.
  • 30. Brtnicka H, Weiss P, Zverina J. Human sexuality during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Bratislava Medical Journal 2009;110:427–31.
  • 31. Johnson CE. Sexual health during pregnancy and the postpartum. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2011;8:1267–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02223.x.
  • 32. Trutnovsky G, Haas J, Lang U, Petru E. Women’s perception of sexuality during pregnancy and after birth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2006;46:282–7.
  • 33. McCabe MP, Sharlip ID, Lewis R, Atalla E, Balon R, Fisher A, et al. Incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women and men: a consensus statement from the fourth ınternational consultation on sexual medicine 2015. J Sex Med. 2015;13(2):144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.12.034.
  • 34. Yıldız H. The relation between prepregnancy sexuality and sexual function during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a prospective study. Journal of Sex & Marıtal Therapy. 2015;41(1):49–59. doi: 10.1080/0092623X.2013.811452.
  • 35. Komurcu N, Demirci N, Yildiz H, Gün C. Sexuality in Turkish journals of nursing: a literature review. J Train Res Nurs. 2014;11(1):9–17.
  • 36. Sadi Z, Aksu H. Sexual life of partners during pregnancy and affecting factors. Anatolian J Nurs Health Sci. 2016;19(2).
  • 37. Banael M, Morldl A, Dashti S. Sexual dysfunction and its associated factors after delivery: longitudinal study in iranian women. Mater Sociomed. 2018;30(3):198-203. doi: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.198-203.
  • 38. Erenel AS, Eroglu K, Vural G & Dilbaz B. A pilot study: in what ways do women in turkey experience a change in their sexuality during pregnancy. Sexuality and Disability. 2011;29:207–16. doi: 10.1007/s11195-011-9200-1.
  • 39. Glazener CM. Sexual function after childbirth: women’s experiences, persistent morbidity and lack of professional recognition. British J Obstetr Gynaecol. 1997;104(3):330–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11463.x.
  • 40. Xu XY, Yao ZW, Wang HY, Zhou Q, Zhang W. Women’s postpartum sexuality and delivery types. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2003;38(4):219–22.
  • 41. Türk R, Erkaya R. An evaluatıon of the postpartum sexual lıves of prımıparous women. International Refereed Journal of Nursing Researches;T January / February / March / April 2019 Winter Spring Semester, Issue: 15. doi: 10.17371/UHD.2019.1.10.
  • 42. Safarinejad MR. Female sexual dysfunction in a populationbased study in iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Impot Res. 2006;18:382. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901440.
  • 43. Johnson SD, Phelps DL, Cottler LB. The association of sexual dysfunction and substance use among a community epidemiological sample. Arch Sex Behav. 2004 33:55. doi: 10.1023/B:ASEB.0000007462.97961.5a.
  • 44. Wouda JC, Hartman PM, Bakker RM, Bakker JO, van de Wiel HBM & Schultz WCMW. Vaginal plethysmography in women with dyspareunia. The Journal of Sex Research. 1998;35:141–7. doi: 10.1080/00224499809551927.
  • 45. Brauer M, ter Kuile MM, Janssen SA, Laanc E. The effect of painrelated fear on sexual arousal in women with superficial dyspareunia. European Journal of Pain. 2007;11:788–98. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2006.12.006.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Rukiye Türk 0000-0002-1424-1564

Hasan Çılgın 0000-0002-7279-5995

Publication Date November 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Türk, R., & Çılgın, H. (2020). Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 4(11), 1018-1022. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.765082
AMA Türk R, Çılgın H. Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives. J Surg Med. November 2020;4(11):1018-1022. doi:10.28982/josam.765082
Chicago Türk, Rukiye, and Hasan Çılgın. “Comparison of Primipara women’s Pre-Pregnancy, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Sexual Lives”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, no. 11 (November 2020): 1018-22. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.765082.
EndNote Türk R, Çılgın H (November 1, 2020) Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4 11 1018–1022.
IEEE R. Türk and H. Çılgın, “Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives”, J Surg Med, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 1018–1022, 2020, doi: 10.28982/josam.765082.
ISNAD Türk, Rukiye - Çılgın, Hasan. “Comparison of Primipara women’s Pre-Pregnancy, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Sexual Lives”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4/11 (November 2020), 1018-1022. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.765082.
JAMA Türk R, Çılgın H. Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives. J Surg Med. 2020;4:1018–1022.
MLA Türk, Rukiye and Hasan Çılgın. “Comparison of Primipara women’s Pre-Pregnancy, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Sexual Lives”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 4, no. 11, 2020, pp. 1018-22, doi:10.28982/josam.765082.
Vancouver Türk R, Çılgın H. Comparison of primipara women’s pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum sexual lives. J Surg Med. 2020;4(11):1018-22.