Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 179 - 182, 01.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.857193

Abstract

References

  • 1. Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018 Apr 1;138:271–81.
  • 2. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  • 3. Meurs M, Roest AM, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Stolk RP, Jonge P De, Rosmalen JGM. Association of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders With Diagnosed Versus Undiagnosed Diabetes : An Epidemiological Study of 90, 686 Participants. Psychosom Med. 2016;78(2):233–41.
  • 4. Goldney RD, Phillips PJ, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH. Diabetes, Depression, and Quality of Life. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2004 May 1;27(5):1066 LP – 1070.
  • 5. Buzlu S. Diyabetin Psikososyal Boyutu. In: S. E, editor. Diyabet Hemşireliği Temel Bilgiler. 2002. p. 195–203.
  • 6. Özkan S. Psikiyatrik Tıp: Konsultasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi. 1. Ed. İstanbul: Roche Publishing; 1993. 93–99 p.
  • 7. Akbay Pırıldar Ş. Dahiliye ve Psikiyatri, Diyabette Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozuklukları. 1. Edition. İstanbul: Okuyan Us Publishing; 2003. 7–44 p.
  • 8. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71
  • 9. Roy T, Lloyd CE. Epidemiology of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2012 Oct;142 Suppl:S8-21. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70004-6. PMID: 23062861.
  • 10. Hermanns N, Kulzer B, Krichbaum M, Kubiak T, Haak T. Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2005 Mar 1;22(3):293–300.
  • 11. Rajput R, Gehlawat P, Gehlan D, Gupta R, Rajput M. Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety in patients of diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(6):746–51.
  • 12. Noh JH, Park JK, Lee HJ, Kwon SK, Lee SH, Park JH, et al. Depressive symptoms of type 2 diabetics treated with insulin compared to diabetics taking oral anti-diabetic drugs : A Korean study. 2005;69:243–8.
  • 13. Işık NA, Buzlu S. Compared to Depressive Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Who were Treated with Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin. Gazi Med J. 2016;27(4):189–92.
  • 14. Alghamdi J, Matou-Nasri S, Alghamdi F, Alghamdi S, Alfadhel M, Padmanabhan S. Risk of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs : A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;21(12):1067–75.
  • 15. Agustini B, Mohebbi M, Woods RL, McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Shah RC, et al. Association Between Statin Use and Depressive Symptoms in a Large Community-Dwelling Older Population Living in Australia and the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study. CNS Drugs [Internet]. 2019 Jul;33(7):685–94.
  • 16. Köhler-Forsberg O, Gasse C, Petersen L, Nierenberg AA, Mors O, Østergaard SD. Statin treatment and the risk of depression. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2019;246(December 2018):706–15.
  • 17. Cham S, Koslik HJ, Golomb BA. Mood, Personality, and Behavior Changes During Treatment with Statins: A Case Series. Drug Saf - case reports [Internet]. 2016 Dec;3(1):1.
  • 18. Musselman DL, Betan E, Larsen H, Phillips LS. Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment. Biol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2003 Aug 1;54(3):317–29.
  • 19. Raval A, Dhanaraj E, Bhansali A, Grover S, Tiwari P. Prevalence & determinants of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Med Res. 2014;132(2):195–200.
  • 20. Reddy P, Philpot B, Ford D, Dunbar JA. Identification of depression in diabetes: the efficacy of PHQ-9 and HADS-D. Br J Gen Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jun;60(575):e239–45.
  • 21. Nichols GA, Brown JB. Unadjusted and Adjusted Prevalence of Diagnosed Depression in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2003 Mar 1;26(3):744 LP – 749.
  • 22. Asghar S, Hussain A, Ali SMK, Khan AKA, Magnusson A. Prevalence of depression and diabetes: a population-based study from rural Bangladesh. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2007 Aug 1;24(8):872–7.
  • 23. Li C, Ford ES, Strine TW, Mokdad AH. Prevalence of depression among US adults with diabetes: findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):105–7.
  • 24. Nouwen A, Nefs G, Caramlau I, Connock M, Winkley K, Lloyd CE, et al. Prevalence of depression in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2011 Mar;34(3):752–62.
  • 25. El Mahalli AA. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) [Internet]. 2015 Apr;9(2):119–26.
  • 26. Öyekçin D. Bir devlet hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniğine bir yıl içinde başvuran olguların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve psikiyatrik tanı dağılımı. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2008;9(1):39–43.
  • 27. Johnson B, Eiser C, Young V, Brierley S, Heller S. Prevalence of depression among young people with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1;30(2):199–208.
  • 28. Atasoy V, Anaforoğlu İ, Algün E, Kutanis R. Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life Among Adult Turkish Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Turkish J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28–32.

Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 179 - 182, 01.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.857193

Abstract

Background/Aim: Living with diabetes brings psychological difficulties for many patients and puts them in a depressed state. This reduces follow-up and treatment compliance and increases anxiety in terms of complications. Incompliance of follow-up and treatment can increase macro and micro complications in patients in a vicious circle. In this respect, clinicians should be careful during the follow-up and treatment of the patients. In this study, our aim was to determine the depression rate among diabetic patients and its relationship with demographic findings and complications.
Methods: Patients who are followed up regularly at our hospital’s diabetes clinic between July and August 2019 were included and a case-control study was planned. BDI questions were answered by patients under supervision after obtaining patient consent. Patients with BDI >16 were considered depressed. Demographic characteristics, habits, data about diabetes follow-up, treatments and results of BDI were analyzed. The patients were evaluated in terms of cardiovascular, neurological, and ophthalmologic complications. The control group comprised healthy volunteers without any additional diseases.
Results: A total of 281 patients participated in this study and the depression rate was 66.5%. There were 156 females (55.5%) and 125 males (44.5%). Among them, 60.3% of females and 74.4% of males had depression. The mean blood glucose and HbA1c levels were 151 mg/dl (68-475) and 8 mg/dL (4-14), respectively. Based on BDI, 68% of T2DM patients (n=83) and 50% of T1DM patients (n=11) had depression (P=0.087). Depression rates were 66.7% (n=9) between the ages of 20 and 34 years (P=0.035), 50% (n=36) between the ages of 35 and 49 years, 27.5% (n=138) between the ages of 50 and 64 years, and 32.7% (n=98) over the age of 65 years. The control group (n=50) included 32 females (64%) and the depression rate was 35% (n=17).
Conclusion: Every stage of diagnosis, treatment and follow up of diabetes causes physiological stress in patients, which reflects in their lives. We must consider that depression, a treatable disease, affects the management and treatment of diabetes.

References

  • 1. Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018 Apr 1;138:271–81.
  • 2. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  • 3. Meurs M, Roest AM, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Stolk RP, Jonge P De, Rosmalen JGM. Association of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders With Diagnosed Versus Undiagnosed Diabetes : An Epidemiological Study of 90, 686 Participants. Psychosom Med. 2016;78(2):233–41.
  • 4. Goldney RD, Phillips PJ, Fisher LJ, Wilson DH. Diabetes, Depression, and Quality of Life. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2004 May 1;27(5):1066 LP – 1070.
  • 5. Buzlu S. Diyabetin Psikososyal Boyutu. In: S. E, editor. Diyabet Hemşireliği Temel Bilgiler. 2002. p. 195–203.
  • 6. Özkan S. Psikiyatrik Tıp: Konsultasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi. 1. Ed. İstanbul: Roche Publishing; 1993. 93–99 p.
  • 7. Akbay Pırıldar Ş. Dahiliye ve Psikiyatri, Diyabette Depresyon ve Anksiyete Bozuklukları. 1. Edition. İstanbul: Okuyan Us Publishing; 2003. 7–44 p.
  • 8. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71
  • 9. Roy T, Lloyd CE. Epidemiology of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2012 Oct;142 Suppl:S8-21. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(12)70004-6. PMID: 23062861.
  • 10. Hermanns N, Kulzer B, Krichbaum M, Kubiak T, Haak T. Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2005 Mar 1;22(3):293–300.
  • 11. Rajput R, Gehlawat P, Gehlan D, Gupta R, Rajput M. Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety in patients of diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(6):746–51.
  • 12. Noh JH, Park JK, Lee HJ, Kwon SK, Lee SH, Park JH, et al. Depressive symptoms of type 2 diabetics treated with insulin compared to diabetics taking oral anti-diabetic drugs : A Korean study. 2005;69:243–8.
  • 13. Işık NA, Buzlu S. Compared to Depressive Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Who were Treated with Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin. Gazi Med J. 2016;27(4):189–92.
  • 14. Alghamdi J, Matou-Nasri S, Alghamdi F, Alghamdi S, Alfadhel M, Padmanabhan S. Risk of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs : A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;21(12):1067–75.
  • 15. Agustini B, Mohebbi M, Woods RL, McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Shah RC, et al. Association Between Statin Use and Depressive Symptoms in a Large Community-Dwelling Older Population Living in Australia and the USA: A Cross-Sectional Study. CNS Drugs [Internet]. 2019 Jul;33(7):685–94.
  • 16. Köhler-Forsberg O, Gasse C, Petersen L, Nierenberg AA, Mors O, Østergaard SD. Statin treatment and the risk of depression. J Affect Disord [Internet]. 2019;246(December 2018):706–15.
  • 17. Cham S, Koslik HJ, Golomb BA. Mood, Personality, and Behavior Changes During Treatment with Statins: A Case Series. Drug Saf - case reports [Internet]. 2016 Dec;3(1):1.
  • 18. Musselman DL, Betan E, Larsen H, Phillips LS. Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment. Biol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2003 Aug 1;54(3):317–29.
  • 19. Raval A, Dhanaraj E, Bhansali A, Grover S, Tiwari P. Prevalence & determinants of depression in type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Med Res. 2014;132(2):195–200.
  • 20. Reddy P, Philpot B, Ford D, Dunbar JA. Identification of depression in diabetes: the efficacy of PHQ-9 and HADS-D. Br J Gen Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jun;60(575):e239–45.
  • 21. Nichols GA, Brown JB. Unadjusted and Adjusted Prevalence of Diagnosed Depression in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2003 Mar 1;26(3):744 LP – 749.
  • 22. Asghar S, Hussain A, Ali SMK, Khan AKA, Magnusson A. Prevalence of depression and diabetes: a population-based study from rural Bangladesh. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2007 Aug 1;24(8):872–7.
  • 23. Li C, Ford ES, Strine TW, Mokdad AH. Prevalence of depression among US adults with diabetes: findings from the 2006 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):105–7.
  • 24. Nouwen A, Nefs G, Caramlau I, Connock M, Winkley K, Lloyd CE, et al. Prevalence of depression in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2011 Mar;34(3):752–62.
  • 25. El Mahalli AA. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) [Internet]. 2015 Apr;9(2):119–26.
  • 26. Öyekçin D. Bir devlet hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniğine bir yıl içinde başvuran olguların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve psikiyatrik tanı dağılımı. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2008;9(1):39–43.
  • 27. Johnson B, Eiser C, Young V, Brierley S, Heller S. Prevalence of depression among young people with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabet Med [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1;30(2):199–208.
  • 28. Atasoy V, Anaforoğlu İ, Algün E, Kutanis R. Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life Among Adult Turkish Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Turkish J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28–32.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases, Psychiatry
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Arzu Cennet Işık 0000-0001-9844-8599

Seydahmet Akın 0000-0002-2557-3812

Publication Date February 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Işık, A. C., & Akın, S. (2021). Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 5(2), 179-182. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.857193
AMA Işık AC, Akın S. Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications. J Surg Med. February 2021;5(2):179-182. doi:10.28982/josam.857193
Chicago Işık, Arzu Cennet, and Seydahmet Akın. “Depression Prevalence Among Diabetic Patients and Comparison of Demographics and Complications”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5, no. 2 (February 2021): 179-82. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.857193.
EndNote Işık AC, Akın S (February 1, 2021) Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5 2 179–182.
IEEE A. C. Işık and S. Akın, “Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications”, J Surg Med, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 179–182, 2021, doi: 10.28982/josam.857193.
ISNAD Işık, Arzu Cennet - Akın, Seydahmet. “Depression Prevalence Among Diabetic Patients and Comparison of Demographics and Complications”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5/2 (February 2021), 179-182. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.857193.
JAMA Işık AC, Akın S. Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications. J Surg Med. 2021;5:179–182.
MLA Işık, Arzu Cennet and Seydahmet Akın. “Depression Prevalence Among Diabetic Patients and Comparison of Demographics and Complications”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 179-82, doi:10.28982/josam.857193.
Vancouver Işık AC, Akın S. Depression prevalence among diabetic patients and comparison of demographics and complications. J Surg Med. 2021;5(2):179-82.