Production of SBS Reinforced Polyester Composite: Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties

Abstract

In this study, dissolved styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) copolymer is homogeneously reinforced into orthophthalic unsaturated polyester (UP) resin. Polyester composite production is carried out with the help of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and cobalt octoate (Co Oc) catalysts. The density, Shore D hardness, thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal stability, morphological surface structure, and chemical bond structure of the obtained composite have been examined. According to the results, SBS reinforcement decreases the density of the composite and increases the thermal conductivity coefficient. The addition of SBS at different weight ratios (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% w/w) reduces both the hardness and thermal stability of the polyester composite. According to the test and analysis results, 5 wt.% SBS reinforced polyester composite production is determined as the optimum ratio. 7 wt.% and above SBS reinforcement negatively affect the physical and chemical properties of the obtained composite. For example, when 10 wt.% SBS reinforced composite is examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and irregular pores are observed in the surface morphology. Also, it is understood by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that there is a physical interaction between SBS and polyester and that no chemical bond is formed. The thermal decomposition behavior of the composite has been determined according to the decrease in the activation energy. As SBS ratio increases, it is understood that the thermal stability of the product obtained with the decrease in the activation energy of the polyester composite weakens.

Keywords

• activation energy
• density
• hardness
• polyester composite
• SBS
• thermal conductivity

References

1. 1. Chirtoc M, Horny N, Tavman I, Turgut A, Kökey I, Omastová M. Preparation and photothermal characterization of nanocomposites based on high density polyethylene filled with expanded and unexpanded graphite: Particle size and shape effects. Int J Therm Sci [Internet]. 2012 Dec 1;62:50–5. Available from: .
2. 2. Mohan VB, Lau K, Hui D, Bhattacharyya D. Graphene-based materials and their composites: A review on production, applications and product limitations. Compos Part B Eng [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1;142:200–20. Available from: .
3. 3. Neto J, Banea M, Cavalcanti D, Queiroz H, Aguiar R. Analysis of mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy multiwalled carbon nanocomposites. J Compos Mater [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1;54(30):4831–40. Available from: .
4. 4. Marchetto DB, Moreira DC, Ribatski G. A review on polymer heat sinks for electronic cooling applications. In: Proceedings of the 17th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering, ABCM, Águas de Lindóia, SP, Brazil. 2018. p. 25–8.
5. 5. Holden G, Bishop ET, Legge NR. Thermoplastic elastomers. J Polym Sci Part C Polym Symp [Internet]. 2007 Mar 8;26(1):37–57. Available from: .
6. 6. Holden G, Legge NR, Quirk R, Schroeder HE. Thermoplastic Elastomers. 2nd edition. Munich, Germany; 1996.
7. 7. Legge NR, Holden G, Schroeder HE. Thermoplastic Elastomers, A Comprehensive Review. Munich, Germany; 1987.
8. 8. Jerome R, Fayt R, Teyssie P, Legge NR, Holden G, Schroeder HE. Thermoplastic elastomers. Munich, Germany; 1987.

9. 9. Sengoz B, Isikyakar G. Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2008 Sep;22(9):1897–905. Available from: .
10. 10. Galooyak SS, Dabir B, Nazarbeygi AE, Moeini A. Rheological properties and storage stability of bitumen/SBS/montmorillonite composites. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1;24(3):300–7. Available from: .
11. 11. Aydoğmuş E, Demirel MH. Waste Tire Rubber Reinforced Polyester Composite Production and Characterization. In: 8th International Conference on Materials Science and Nanotechnology for Next Generation, Elazığ. 2021.
12. 12. Levchik S V., Weil ED. A review on thermal decomposition and combustion of thermoplastic polyesters. Polym Adv Technol [Internet]. 2004 Dec;15(12):691–700. Available from: .
13. 13. Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of the polyester nanocomposites. Pet Sci Technol [Internet]. 2021 Jul 18;39(13–14):484–500. Available from: .
14. 14. Ribeiro CEG, Rodriguez RJS, Vieira CMF, de Carvalho EA, Candido VS, Monteiro SN. Production of Synthetic Ornamental Marble as a Marble Waste Added Polyester Composite. Mater Sci Forum [Internet]. 2014 Jan;775–776:341–5. Available from: .
15. 15. Yenier Z, Aker S, Seki Y, Altay L, Bigun O, Sarikanat M. Improving thermal conductivity of polybutylene terephthalate composites with hybrid synthetic graphite and carbon fiber. J Thermoplast Compos Mater [Internet]. 2023 Feb 19;36(2):595–614. Available from: .
16. 16. Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H, Dağ M. Production of waste polyethylene terephthalate reinforced biocomposite with RSM design and evaluation of thermophysical properties by ANN. J Build Eng [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1;44:103337. Available from: .
17. 17. Orhan R, Aydoğmuş E, Topuz S, Arslanoğlu H. Investigation of thermo-mechanical characteristics of borax reinforced polyester composites. J Build Eng [Internet]. 2021 Oct 1;42:103051. Available from: .
18. 18. Yanen C, Aydoğmuş E. Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Nanoparticle Reinforced the Polyester Nanocomposite. Dicle Univ J Inst Nat Appl Sci [Internet]. 2021;10(2):121–32. Available from: .
19. 19. Aydoğmuş E. Biohybrid nanocomposite production and characterization by RSM investigation of thermal decomposition kinetics with ANN. Biomass Convers Biorefinery [Internet]. 2022 Oct 11;12(10):4799–816. Available from: .
20. 20. Şahal H, Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H. Investigation of thermophysical properties of synthesized SA and nano-alumina reinforced polyester composites. Pet Sci Technol [Internet]. 2022 Aug 8;Article in Press:1–17. Available from: .
21. 21. Aydoğmuş E, Dağ M, Yalçın ZG, Arslanoğlu H. Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene reinforced modified castor oil‐based polyester biocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jul 15;139(27):e52526. Available from: .
22. 22. Şahal H, Aydoğmuş E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Polyester Composites Produced with Synthesized MSG and Nano-Alumina. Eur J Sci Technol [Internet]. 2022 Feb 15;34:95–9. Available from: .
23. 23. Demirel MH, Aydoğmuş E. Production and Characterization of waste Mask Reinforced Polyester Composite. J Inonu Univ Heal Serv Vocat Sch [Internet]. 2022 Mar 10;10(1):41–9. Available from: .
24. 24. Demirel MH, Aydoğmuş E. Waste Polyurethane Reinforced Polyester Composite, Production, and Characterization. J Turkish Chem Soc Sect A Chem [Internet]. 2022 May 31;9(2):443–52. Available from: .
25. 25. Yanen C, Dağ M, Aydoğmuş E. Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Colemanite, Ulexite, and Tincal Reinforced Polyester Composites. Eur J Sci Technol [Internet]. 2022 May 3;36:155–9. Available from: .
26. 26. Orhan R, Aydoğmuş E. Production and Characterization of Waste Corncob Reinforced Polyester Composite. Eur J Sci Technol [Internet]. 2022 Oct 26;42:176–9. Available from: .
27. 27. Orhan R, Aydoğmuş E. Investigation of some thermophysical properties of Asphodelus aestivus reinforced polyester composite. Firat Univ J Exp Comput Eng [Internet]. 2022;1(3):103–9. Available from: .
28. 28. Yılmaz E, Aydoğmuş E, Demir A. Life Cycle Assessment and Characterization of Tincal Ore Reinforced Polyester and Vinylester Composites. J Turkish Chem Soc Sect B Chem Eng [Internet]. 2022;5(2):183–94. Available from: .
29. 29. Pekdemir E, Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H. Thermal decomposition kinetics of synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Fe 3 O 4 coated nanocomposite: Evaluation of calculated activation energy by RSM. Pet Sci Technol [Internet]. 2023 Feb 7;Article in:1–18. Available from: .
30. 30. Karataş M, Aydoğmuş E. Obtaining Pectin Reinforced Polyester Composite and Investigation of Thermophysical Properties. Eur J Sci Technol [Internet]. 2023 Mar 25;48:64–6. Available from: .
31. 31. Dağ M, Aydoğmuş E, Yalçin ZG, Arslanoğlu H. Diatomite reinforced modified safflower oil-based epoxy biocomposite production: Optimization with RSM and assessment of outcomes by ANN. Mater Today Commun [Internet]. 2023 Jun 1;35:106327. Available from: .
32. 32. Buran A, Durğun ME, Aydoğmuş E, Arslanoğlu H. Determination of thermophysical properties of Ficus elastica leaves reinforced epoxy composite. Firat Univ J Exp Comput Eng [Internet]. 2023;2(1):12–22. Available from: .
33. 33. Karataş M, Aydoğmuş E. Use of Inorganic Wastes as Fillers in Production of Polyester Composites and Evaluation of Properties of Obtained Composite. Int J Adv Nat Sci Eng Res [Internet]. 2023 Apr 22;7(4):20–4. Available from: .
34. 34. Şahal H, Aydoğmuş E. Use of Sunflower Seed Shells as Filler in Polyester Resin and Characterization of Obtained Composite. In: 2nd International Conference on Engineering, Natural and Social Sciences [Internet]. 2023. p. 233–6. Available from: .
35. 35. Karataş M, Aydoğmuş E. Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Waste Reinforced Polyester Composites. Int J Adv Nat Sci Eng Res [Internet]. 2023 Apr 22;7(4):16–9. Available from: .