Research Article
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Copper Oxide Nano Biochar from Spent Coffee Grounds for Phosphate Removal and its Application as an Antibacterially Active Entity

Year 2024, , 835 - 844, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1369920

Abstract

From the viewpoint of both eutrophication and sustainable use of phosphate, the removal and recovery of phosphate from wastewater are important. Adsorption is seen as a viable alternative for effective phosphate removal, even at low concentrations. It is very simple to operate and cheaper. Among the various adsorbents tested, biomass-derived nanomaterials, such as nanobiochar, have shown promising efficiency. However, the use of pristine biochar is often less effective and difficult to recycle. In the present study, copper oxide-modified nanobiochar from spent coffee grounds is presented as an effective phosphate adsorbent. The adsorbent was prepared by the acid digestion of spent coffee grounds, followed by the co-precipitation of copper metal. The developed adsorbent was characterized by BET, FTIR, and XRD. Batch mode adsorption studies were conducted to assess the adsorption efficiency of the developed adsorbent and to investigate the effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose. It was observed that acidic conditions favored the adsorption of phosphate, with maximum adsorption efficiency (93%) at pH 3. The maximum equilibrium phosphate adsorption capacity in this study was 50.2 mg/g at 25 oC, pH 3, a phosphate concentration of 20 mg/L, and an adsorbent dose of 35 mg/mL. The batch experimental data fit the Freundlich isotherm with regression (R2 = 0.991), which signifies that the surface of the adsorbent is heterogeneous. Adsorption kinetic data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.996), indicating that the adsorption process was dominated by chemisorption. The copper oxide nanoparticles and Cu/NBC showed relatively higher zone inhibition in gram-positive bacteria than in gram-negative bacteria at similar concentrations. This might be due to the higher activity of the nanoparticle extract on gram-positive bacteria, as most nanoparticle extracts were more active in gram-positive bacteria. This difference may be explained by the difference in the structure of the cell wall in gram-positive bacteria, which consists of a single layer, and in gram-negative bacteria, which has a multi-layered structure and is quite complex. In the majority of test bacteria, Cu/NBC showed better activity. The higher activity of this nanomaterial might be associated with the number of bioactive metabolites and their synergetic activities.

References

  • 1. Sisay GB, Atisme TB, Workie YA, Negie ZW, Mekonnen ML. Mg/Zr modified nanobiochar from spent coffee grounds for phosphate recovery and its application as a phosphorous release fertilizer. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 2023 May 1;19:100766. Available from: <URL>
  • 2. Jiang D, Chu B, Amano Y, Machida M. Removal and recovery of phosphate from water by Mg-laden biochar: Batch and column studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2018 Dec 5;558:429-37. Available from: <URL>
  • 3. Nobaharan K, Bagheri Novair S, Asgari Lajayer B, van Hullebusch ED. Phosphorus removal from wastewater: The potential use of biochar and the key controlling factors. Water. 2021 Feb 17;13(4):517. Available from: <URL>
  • 4. Seo YI, Hong KH, Kim SH, Chang D, Lee KH, Do Kim Y. Phosphorus removal from wastewater by ionic exchange using a surface-modified Al alloy filter. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2013 May 25;19(3):744-7. Available from: <URL>
  • 5. Mbamba CK, Lindblom E, Flores-Alsina X, Tait S, Anderson S, Saagi R, Batstone DJ, Gernaey KV, Jeppsson U. Plant-wide model-based analysis of iron dosage strategies for chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment systems. Water research. 2019 May 15;155:12-25. Available from: <URL>
  • 6. Liu X, Shen F, Qi X. Adsorption recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by CaO-biochar composites prepared from eggshell and rice straw. Science of the total environment. 2019 May 20;666:694-702. Available from: <URL>
  • 7. Gusain R, Gupta K, Joshi P, Khatri OP. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. Advances in colloid and interface science. 2019 Oct 1;272:102009. Available from: <URL>
  • 8. Huang W, Zhu Y, Tang J, Yu X, Wang X, Li D, Zhang Y. Lanthanum-doped ordered mesoporous hollow silica spheres as novel adsorbents for efficient phosphate removal. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2014;2(23):8839-48. Available from: <URL>
  • 9. De Gisi S, Lofrano G, Grassi M, Notarnicola M. Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2016 Sep 1;9:10-40. Available from: <URL>
  • 10. Zhu D, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang S, Chen H. Synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide nanoparticle-containing biochar composites for efficient phosphorus removal from aqueous solution. Chemosphere. 2020 May 1;247:125847. Available from: <URL>
  • 11. Kizito S, Wu S, Kirui WK, Lei M, Lu Q, Bah H, Dong R. Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry. Science of the Total Environment. 2015 Feb 1;505:102-12. Available from: <URL>
  • 12. Tavakoli S, Kharaziha M, Ahmadi S. Green synthesis and morphology dependent antibacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Nanostructures. 2019 Jan 1;9(1):163-71. Available from: <URL>
  • 13. Kassaw S, Tamir A, Yimam BB. Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antibacterial Activities of the Fruit and Leaf Crude Extract of Ficus palmata. Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci. 2022;5(4):61-6. Available from: <URL>
  • 14. Sisay GB, Mekonnen ML. Mg modified nanobiochar from spent coffee grounds: Evaluation of the phosphate removal efficiency and its application as a phosphorous release fertilizer. Chemistry Select. 2023; 8(47):e202302288. Available from: <URL>
  • 15. Wang J, Guo X. Adsorption isotherm models: Classification, physical meaning, application and solving method. Chemosphere. 2020 Nov 1;258:127279. Available from: <URL>
  • 16. Bekele T, Yimam BB. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Schinus molle linens. Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci. 2023;6(5):108-14. Available from: <URL>
  • 17. Melkamu WW, Feleke EG. Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Justicia Schimperiana and their Antibacterial Activity. Research Square. 2022. Available from: <URL>
  • 18. Legesse BA, Tamir A, Bezabeh B. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Dovyalis abyssinica. J Emerg Technol Innov Res. 2019;6(6):453-65.
  • 19. Yin Q, Ren H, Wang R, Zhao Z. Evaluation of nitrate and phosphate adsorption on Al-modified biochar: influence of Al content. Science of the Total Environment. 2018 Aug 1;631:895-903. Available from: <URL>
  • 20. Deng W, Zhang D, Zheng X, Ye X, Niu X, Lin Z, Fu M, Zhou S. Adsorption recovery of phosphate from waste streams by Ca/Mg-biochar synthesis from marble waste, calcium-rich sepiolite and bagasse. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021 Mar 15;288:125638. Available from: <URL>
  • 21. Shin H, Tiwari D, Kim, DJ. Phosphate adsorption/desorption kinetics and P bioavailability of Mg-biochar from ground coffee waste, Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020;37: 101484. Available from: <URL>
  • 22. Kim TH, Lundehøj L, Nielsen UG. An investigation of the phosphate removal mechanism by MgFe layered double hydroxides. Applied Clay Science. 2020;189:105521. Available from: <URL>
  • 23. Humayro A, Harada H, Naito KJJOAC. Environment, adsorption of phosphate and nitrate using modified spent coffee ground and ıts application as an alternative nutrient source for plant growth. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment. 2020;10(1):80-90. Available from: <URL>
Year 2024, , 835 - 844, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1369920

Abstract

References

  • 1. Sisay GB, Atisme TB, Workie YA, Negie ZW, Mekonnen ML. Mg/Zr modified nanobiochar from spent coffee grounds for phosphate recovery and its application as a phosphorous release fertilizer. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 2023 May 1;19:100766. Available from: <URL>
  • 2. Jiang D, Chu B, Amano Y, Machida M. Removal and recovery of phosphate from water by Mg-laden biochar: Batch and column studies. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2018 Dec 5;558:429-37. Available from: <URL>
  • 3. Nobaharan K, Bagheri Novair S, Asgari Lajayer B, van Hullebusch ED. Phosphorus removal from wastewater: The potential use of biochar and the key controlling factors. Water. 2021 Feb 17;13(4):517. Available from: <URL>
  • 4. Seo YI, Hong KH, Kim SH, Chang D, Lee KH, Do Kim Y. Phosphorus removal from wastewater by ionic exchange using a surface-modified Al alloy filter. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2013 May 25;19(3):744-7. Available from: <URL>
  • 5. Mbamba CK, Lindblom E, Flores-Alsina X, Tait S, Anderson S, Saagi R, Batstone DJ, Gernaey KV, Jeppsson U. Plant-wide model-based analysis of iron dosage strategies for chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment systems. Water research. 2019 May 15;155:12-25. Available from: <URL>
  • 6. Liu X, Shen F, Qi X. Adsorption recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by CaO-biochar composites prepared from eggshell and rice straw. Science of the total environment. 2019 May 20;666:694-702. Available from: <URL>
  • 7. Gusain R, Gupta K, Joshi P, Khatri OP. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using metal oxides and their composites: A comprehensive review. Advances in colloid and interface science. 2019 Oct 1;272:102009. Available from: <URL>
  • 8. Huang W, Zhu Y, Tang J, Yu X, Wang X, Li D, Zhang Y. Lanthanum-doped ordered mesoporous hollow silica spheres as novel adsorbents for efficient phosphate removal. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2014;2(23):8839-48. Available from: <URL>
  • 9. De Gisi S, Lofrano G, Grassi M, Notarnicola M. Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2016 Sep 1;9:10-40. Available from: <URL>
  • 10. Zhu D, Chen Y, Yang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang S, Chen H. Synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide nanoparticle-containing biochar composites for efficient phosphorus removal from aqueous solution. Chemosphere. 2020 May 1;247:125847. Available from: <URL>
  • 11. Kizito S, Wu S, Kirui WK, Lei M, Lu Q, Bah H, Dong R. Evaluation of slow pyrolyzed wood and rice husks biochar for adsorption of ammonium nitrogen from piggery manure anaerobic digestate slurry. Science of the Total Environment. 2015 Feb 1;505:102-12. Available from: <URL>
  • 12. Tavakoli S, Kharaziha M, Ahmadi S. Green synthesis and morphology dependent antibacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Nanostructures. 2019 Jan 1;9(1):163-71. Available from: <URL>
  • 13. Kassaw S, Tamir A, Yimam BB. Phytochemical Investigation and Determination of Antibacterial Activities of the Fruit and Leaf Crude Extract of Ficus palmata. Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci. 2022;5(4):61-6. Available from: <URL>
  • 14. Sisay GB, Mekonnen ML. Mg modified nanobiochar from spent coffee grounds: Evaluation of the phosphate removal efficiency and its application as a phosphorous release fertilizer. Chemistry Select. 2023; 8(47):e202302288. Available from: <URL>
  • 15. Wang J, Guo X. Adsorption isotherm models: Classification, physical meaning, application and solving method. Chemosphere. 2020 Nov 1;258:127279. Available from: <URL>
  • 16. Bekele T, Yimam BB. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Bark Extracts of Schinus molle linens. Sch Int J Chem Mater Sci. 2023;6(5):108-14. Available from: <URL>
  • 17. Melkamu WW, Feleke EG. Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Justicia Schimperiana and their Antibacterial Activity. Research Square. 2022. Available from: <URL>
  • 18. Legesse BA, Tamir A, Bezabeh B. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Dovyalis abyssinica. J Emerg Technol Innov Res. 2019;6(6):453-65.
  • 19. Yin Q, Ren H, Wang R, Zhao Z. Evaluation of nitrate and phosphate adsorption on Al-modified biochar: influence of Al content. Science of the Total Environment. 2018 Aug 1;631:895-903. Available from: <URL>
  • 20. Deng W, Zhang D, Zheng X, Ye X, Niu X, Lin Z, Fu M, Zhou S. Adsorption recovery of phosphate from waste streams by Ca/Mg-biochar synthesis from marble waste, calcium-rich sepiolite and bagasse. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021 Mar 15;288:125638. Available from: <URL>
  • 21. Shin H, Tiwari D, Kim, DJ. Phosphate adsorption/desorption kinetics and P bioavailability of Mg-biochar from ground coffee waste, Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2020;37: 101484. Available from: <URL>
  • 22. Kim TH, Lundehøj L, Nielsen UG. An investigation of the phosphate removal mechanism by MgFe layered double hydroxides. Applied Clay Science. 2020;189:105521. Available from: <URL>
  • 23. Humayro A, Harada H, Naito KJJOAC. Environment, adsorption of phosphate and nitrate using modified spent coffee ground and ıts application as an alternative nutrient source for plant growth. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment. 2020;10(1):80-90. Available from: <URL>
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Instrumental Methods
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Biruk Yimam 0000-0001-9034-4971

Gamada Begna Sisay 0000-0002-5419-1469

Eskedar Getachew Feleke

Publication Date May 15, 2024
Submission Date October 5, 2023
Acceptance Date February 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

Vancouver Yimam B, Sisay GB, Feleke EG. Copper Oxide Nano Biochar from Spent Coffee Grounds for Phosphate Removal and its Application as an Antibacterially Active Entity. JOTCSA. 2024;11(2):835-44.