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Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPS) from Snail Shells Using Hydrothermal Method

Year 2024, , 825 - 834, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1416214

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) holds significant importance as a catalyst and effective chemisorbent for hazardous gases. This study presents the synthesis of CaO nanoparticles (NPs) using the hydrothermal technique with snail shells' calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the starting material. The hydrothermal method offers several advantages over alternative approaches for producing metal oxide NPs, including its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to operate at low temperatures and pressures. By utilizing waste materials like snail shells as a precursor, the entire process becomes more economical, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. The synthesized NPs were analyzed using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) model for pore structure quantification, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for surface area calculation, and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA-DSC). XRD analysis confirmed that the size of the synthesized CaO NPs was 43.14 nm, determined using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image provided valuable insight into the morphology of the nano-catalyst. The analysis revealed that the nano-catalyst displayed a spherical shape, with an average particle size measuring 50 nanometers. The FTIR and XRD results unequivocally demonstrated the successful conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) derived from snail shells into calcium oxide (CaO). TGA exhibited a significant weight loss peak at 700 °C, indicating the transformation of CaCO3 into CaO. The DTA-DSC curve exhibited sharp endothermic peaks at 700 °C, suggesting a decomposition reaction and the formation of a new compound. SEM images displayed porous, rough, and fragile surfaces that became agglomerated at higher temperatures. In other words, the FE-SEM images of NPs illustrated that the particles were predominantly spherical in morphology. Hence, waste snail shells hold promise as a valuable source of calcium for various applications in different fields.

References

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  • 9. Granados-Pichardo A, Granados-Correa F, Sánchez-Mendieta V, Hernández-Mendoza H. New CaO-based adsorbents prepared by solution combustion and high-energy ball-milling processes for CO2 adsorption: Textural and structural influences. Arab J Chem [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;13(1):171–83. Available from: <URL>.
  • 10. Mirghiasi Z, Bakhtiari F, Darezereshki E, Esmaeilzadeh E. Preparation and characterization of CaO nanoparticles from Ca(OH)2 by direct thermal decomposition method. J Ind Eng Chem [Internet]. 2014 Jan 25;20(1):113–7. Available from: <URL>.
  • 11. Asikin-Mijan N, Taufiq-Yap YH, Lee HV. Synthesis of clamshell derived Ca(OH)2 nano-particles via simple surfactant-hydration treatment. Chem Eng J [Internet]. 2015 Feb 15;262:1043–51. Available from: <URL>.
  • 12. Gaurav K, Kumari S, Dutta J. Utilization of Waste Chicken Eggshell as Heterogeneous CaO Nanoparticle for Biodiesel Production. J Biochem Technol [Internet]. 2021 Jun 17;12(1):49–57. Available from: <URL>.
  • 13. Sumathi N. Optical characterization of calcium oxide nanoparticles. Int J Adv Technol Eng Sci. 2017;5(2):63–7.
  • 14. Kalanakoppal Venkatesh Y, Mahadevaiah R, Haraluru Shankaraiah L, Ramappa S, Sannagoudar Basanagouda A. Preparation of a CaO Nanocatalyst and Its Application for Biodiesel Production Using Butea monosperma Oil: An Optimization Study. J Am Oil Chem Soc [Internet]. 2018 May 19;95(5):635–49. Available from: <URL>.
  • 15. Rajkumari K, Rokhum L. A sustainable protocol for production of biodiesel by transesterification of soybean oil using banana trunk ash as a heterogeneous catalyst. Biomass Convers Biorefinery [Internet]. 2020 Dec 28 [cited 2024 Mar 22];10(4):839–48. Available from: <URL>.
  • 16. Charles Ugbede A, Elizabeth Jumoke E, Abdullahi Abdullahi M. Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. Am J Chem Eng [Internet]. 2021;9(1):1–17. Available from: <URL>.
  • 17. Almutairi FM. Biopolymer Nanoparticles: A Review of Prospects for Application as Carrier for Therapeutics and Diagnostics. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci [Internet]. 2019;8(1):25–35. Available from: <URL>.
  • 18. Babaei H, Sepahy AA, Amini K, Saadatmand S. The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by bacillus tequilensis on clb gene expression of colorectal cancer-causing Escherichia coli. Arch Pharm Pract. 2020;11(1):22–31.
  • 19. Gupta J, Agarwal M. Preparation and characterizaton of CaO nanoparticle for biodiesel production. AIP Conf Proc [Internet]. 2016 Apr 13;1724(1):020066. Available from: <URL>.
  • 20. Bet-Moushoul E, Farhadi K, Mansourpanah Y, Nikbakht AM, Molaei R, Forough M. Application of CaO-based/Au nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalysts in biodiesel production. Fuel [Internet]. 2016 Jan 15;164:119–27. Available from: <URL>.
  • 21. Simpen IN, Winaya INS, Subagia IDGA, Suyasa IWB. Green Nano-Composite of CaO/K-Sulfated TiO2 and Its Potential as a Single-Step Reaction Solid Catalyst for Biofuel Production. KnE Life Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jun 7;2022:382-392–382–392. Available from: <URL>.
  • 22. Kodeh FS, El-Nahhal IM, Elkhair EA, Darwish AH. Synthesis of CaO–Ag-NPs @CaCO3 Nanocomposite via Impregnation of Aqueous Sol Ag-NPs onto Calcined Calcium Oxalate. Chem Africa [Internet]. 2020 Sep 14;3(3):679–86. Available from: <URL>.
Year 2024, , 825 - 834, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1416214

Abstract

References

  • 1. Habte L, Shiferaw N, Mulatu D, Thenepalli T, Chilakala R, Ahn J. Synthesis of Nano-Calcium Oxide from Waste Eggshell by Sol-Gel Method. Sustainability [Internet]. 2019 Jun 7;11(11):3196. Available from: <URL>.
  • 2. Cree D, Rutter A. Sustainable Bio-Inspired Limestone Eggshell Powder for Potential Industrialized Applications. ACS Sustain Chem Eng [Internet]. 2015 May 4;3(5):941–9. Available from: <URL>.
  • 3. Alobaidi YM, Ali MM, Mohammed AM. Synthesis of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Waste Eggshell by Thermal Decomposition and their Applications. Jordan J Biol Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jun 1;15(2):269–74. Available from: <URL>.
  • 4. Bano S, Pillai S. Green synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures. World J Sci Technol Sustain Dev [Internet]. 2020 May 19;17(3):283–95. Available from: <URL>.
  • 5. Bensebaa F. Nanoparticle Fundamentals. In: Interface Science and Technology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2013. p. 1–84. Available from: <URL>.
  • 6. Banković–Ilić IB, Miladinović MR, Stamenković OS, Veljković VB. Application of nano CaO–based catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev [Internet]. 2017 May 1;72:746–60. Available from: <URL>.
  • 7. Serp P, Philippot K. Nanomaterials in Catalysis [Internet]. Serp P, Philippot K, editors. Nanomaterials in Catalysis: First Edition. Wiley; 2013. Available from: <URL>.
  • 8. Khine EE, Koncz-Horvath D, Kristaly F, Ferenczi T, Karacs G, Baumli P, et al. Synthesis and characterization of calcium oxide nanoparticles for CO2 capture. J Nanoparticle Res [Internet]. 2022 Jul 1;24(7):139. Available from: <URL>.
  • 9. Granados-Pichardo A, Granados-Correa F, Sánchez-Mendieta V, Hernández-Mendoza H. New CaO-based adsorbents prepared by solution combustion and high-energy ball-milling processes for CO2 adsorption: Textural and structural influences. Arab J Chem [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;13(1):171–83. Available from: <URL>.
  • 10. Mirghiasi Z, Bakhtiari F, Darezereshki E, Esmaeilzadeh E. Preparation and characterization of CaO nanoparticles from Ca(OH)2 by direct thermal decomposition method. J Ind Eng Chem [Internet]. 2014 Jan 25;20(1):113–7. Available from: <URL>.
  • 11. Asikin-Mijan N, Taufiq-Yap YH, Lee HV. Synthesis of clamshell derived Ca(OH)2 nano-particles via simple surfactant-hydration treatment. Chem Eng J [Internet]. 2015 Feb 15;262:1043–51. Available from: <URL>.
  • 12. Gaurav K, Kumari S, Dutta J. Utilization of Waste Chicken Eggshell as Heterogeneous CaO Nanoparticle for Biodiesel Production. J Biochem Technol [Internet]. 2021 Jun 17;12(1):49–57. Available from: <URL>.
  • 13. Sumathi N. Optical characterization of calcium oxide nanoparticles. Int J Adv Technol Eng Sci. 2017;5(2):63–7.
  • 14. Kalanakoppal Venkatesh Y, Mahadevaiah R, Haraluru Shankaraiah L, Ramappa S, Sannagoudar Basanagouda A. Preparation of a CaO Nanocatalyst and Its Application for Biodiesel Production Using Butea monosperma Oil: An Optimization Study. J Am Oil Chem Soc [Internet]. 2018 May 19;95(5):635–49. Available from: <URL>.
  • 15. Rajkumari K, Rokhum L. A sustainable protocol for production of biodiesel by transesterification of soybean oil using banana trunk ash as a heterogeneous catalyst. Biomass Convers Biorefinery [Internet]. 2020 Dec 28 [cited 2024 Mar 22];10(4):839–48. Available from: <URL>.
  • 16. Charles Ugbede A, Elizabeth Jumoke E, Abdullahi Abdullahi M. Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. Am J Chem Eng [Internet]. 2021;9(1):1–17. Available from: <URL>.
  • 17. Almutairi FM. Biopolymer Nanoparticles: A Review of Prospects for Application as Carrier for Therapeutics and Diagnostics. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci [Internet]. 2019;8(1):25–35. Available from: <URL>.
  • 18. Babaei H, Sepahy AA, Amini K, Saadatmand S. The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by bacillus tequilensis on clb gene expression of colorectal cancer-causing Escherichia coli. Arch Pharm Pract. 2020;11(1):22–31.
  • 19. Gupta J, Agarwal M. Preparation and characterizaton of CaO nanoparticle for biodiesel production. AIP Conf Proc [Internet]. 2016 Apr 13;1724(1):020066. Available from: <URL>.
  • 20. Bet-Moushoul E, Farhadi K, Mansourpanah Y, Nikbakht AM, Molaei R, Forough M. Application of CaO-based/Au nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalysts in biodiesel production. Fuel [Internet]. 2016 Jan 15;164:119–27. Available from: <URL>.
  • 21. Simpen IN, Winaya INS, Subagia IDGA, Suyasa IWB. Green Nano-Composite of CaO/K-Sulfated TiO2 and Its Potential as a Single-Step Reaction Solid Catalyst for Biofuel Production. KnE Life Sci [Internet]. 2022 Jun 7;2022:382-392–382–392. Available from: <URL>.
  • 22. Kodeh FS, El-Nahhal IM, Elkhair EA, Darwish AH. Synthesis of CaO–Ag-NPs @CaCO3 Nanocomposite via Impregnation of Aqueous Sol Ag-NPs onto Calcined Calcium Oxalate. Chem Africa [Internet]. 2020 Sep 14;3(3):679–86. Available from: <URL>.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Wısdom Chukwuemeke Ulakpa 0000-0002-3128-5956

Ijara Maryjane Adaeze This is me

Ohiri Augustine Chimezie This is me

Ayodeji Arnold Olaseinde This is me

Eyide Odeworitse

Erhinyodavwe Onoriode This is me

Oluwatosin Azeez Sarafa This is me

Moses Aderemi Olutoye This is me

Paul Dim This is me

Mohammad Siddique This is me

Publication Date May 15, 2024
Submission Date January 8, 2024
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

Vancouver Chukwuemeke Ulakpa W, Adaeze IM, Chimezie OA, Olaseinde AA, Odeworitse E, Onoriode E, Sarafa OA, Olutoye MA, Dim P, Siddique M. Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPS) from Snail Shells Using Hydrothermal Method. JOTCSA. 2024;11(2):825-34.