MISENS DEVICE AS A NEW AUTOMATED BIOSENSING PLATFORM BASED ON REAL-TIME ELECTROCHEMICAL PROFILING (REP)

Abstract

In various fields like health, environmental control, food security and military defense; there is an increasing demand for on-site detection, fast identification and urgent response which brings the necessity to employ laboratory detection procedures on standalone automatic devices. In response to that TUBITAK BILGEM’s Bioelectronic Devices and Systems Group has been developing portable and fully automated biosensor devices using optical and electrochemical biosensor detection techniques. Here we describe a new integrated and fully automated lab-on-a-chip based biosensor device ‘MiSens’. The key features of the MiSens include a new electrode array, an integrated microfluidic system and real-time amperometric measurements during the flow of enzyme substrate. While simple protocols can be controlled from the LCD display on the device, other main device control procedures can be run wireless by a tablet/PC using the MiCont™ software developed by the team. For the device, a new plug and play type sensor chip docking station has been designed that with one move it enables the formation of a ~ 7-10 µl capacity flow cell on the electrode array with the necessary microfluidic and electronic connections. The MiSens device has been developed by our multi-disciplinary team by integrating and automatising the earlier developed sensing platform REP™ (Real-time Electrochemical Profiling). The performance of the MiSens device has been tested using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry tests and the results were compared with an of the shelf potantiostat. 

Keywords

• Real-time electrochemical profiling,biosensor,amperometry

References

1. Lowe CR. An introduction to the concepts and technology of biosensors. Biosensors. 1985;1(1):3-16.
2. D'Orazio P. Biosensors in clinical chemistry-2011 update. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2011;412(19-20):1749-61.
3. Keusgen M. Biosensors: new approaches in drug discovery. Naturwissenschaften. 2002;89(10):433-44.
4. Turner APF. Biosensors: sense and sensibility. Chemical Society Reviews. 2013:3184-96.
5. Luong JHT, Male KB, Glennon JD. Biosensor technology: Technology push versus market pull. Biotechnology Advances. 2008;26(5):492-500.
6. Tothill IE. Biosensors for cancer markers diagnosis. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2009;20(1):55-62.
7. Healy DA, Hayes CJ, Leonard P, McKenna L, O'Kennedy R. Biosensor developments: application to prostate-specific antigen detection. Trends in Biotechnology. 2007;25(3):125-31.
8. Wu J, Fu Z, Yan F, Ju H. Biomedical and clinical applications of immunoassays and immunosensors for tumor markers. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2007;26(7):679-88.

9. Li Y, Liu X, Lin Z. Recent developments and applications of surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the detection of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Food Chemistry. 2012;132(3):1549-54.
10. Svabenska E, Kovar D, Krajicek V, Pribyl J, Skladal P. Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Bioagents. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 2011;6(12):5968-79.
11. Piliarik M, Parova L, Homola J. High-throughput SPR sensor for food safety. Biosensors & Bioelectronics. 2009;24(5):1399-404.
12. Mascini M, Tombelli S. Biosensors for biomarkers in medical diagnostics. Biomarkers. 2008;13(7-8):637-57.
13. Eicher D, Merten CA. Microfluidic devices for diagnostic applications. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics. 2011;11(5):505-19.
14. Gervais L, de Rooij N, Delamarche E. Microfluidic Chips for Point-of-Care Immunodiagnostics. Advanced Materials. 2011;23(24):H151-H76.
15. Trietsch SJ, Hankemeier T, van der Linden HJ. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for massive parallel data generation in the life sciences: A review. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 2011;108(1):64-75.
16. Uludag Y, Sagiroglu M, Ersoy A, Edis A, Budak S, Demiralp A, inventorsAn electrochemical sensor array and apparatus, PCT/IB2015/0524792015.
17. Olcer Z, Esen E, Muhammad T, Ersoy A, Budak S, Uludag Y. Fast and sensitive detection of mycotoxins in wheat using microfluidics based Real-time Electrochemical Profiling. Biosensors & Bioelectronics. 2014;62:163-9.
18. Uludag Y, Olcer Z, Samil Sagiroglu M. Design and characterisation of a thin-film electrode array with shared reference/counter electrodes for electrochemical detection. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2014;57(0):85-90.
19. García-Raya D, Madueño R, Sevilla JM, Blázquez M, Pineda T. Electrochemical characterization of a 1,8-octanedithiol self-assembled monolayer (ODT-SAM) on a Au(1 1 1) single crystal electrode. Electrochimica Acta. 2008;53(27):8026-33.
20. Cavallini M, Bracali M, Aloisi G, Guidelli R. Electrochemical STM investigation of 1,8-octanedithiol self-assembled monolayers on Ag(111) in aqueous solution. Langmuir. 1999;15(8):3003-6.
21. Campuzano S, Pedrero M, Montemayor C, Fatas E, Pingarron JM. Characterization of alkanethiol-self-assembled monolayers-modified gold electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2006;586(1):112-21.
22. Senaratne W, Andruzzi L, Ober CK. Self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes in biotechnology: Current applications and future perspectives. Biomacromolecules. 2005;6(5):2427-48.
23. Volpe G, Compagnone D, Draisci R, Palleschi G. 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine as electrochemical substrate for horseradish peroxidase based enzyme immunoassays. A comparative study. Analyst. 1998;123(6):1303-7.