Methanolysis of Gmelina Seed Oil to Biodiesel with KNO3 Activated MgO-ZnO Composite Catalyst

Year 2019, , 335 - 348, 20.10.2019

Hamza Sani Umar Gaya

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.491458

Abstract

The present study juxtaposes for the first time the heterogeneous
methanolysis of gmelina oil over KNO₃ activated MgO-ZnO with a NaOH
base methanolysis for biodiesel production. The conditions for biodiesel
production such as temperature, reaction time, NaOH (or KNO₃ dose)
and methanol-gmelina oil ratio were optimised. The 4%w/w KNO₃ activated
MgO-ZnO afforded high biodiesel yield (71.5 %) at 65^oC predominantly
consisting of C13-C25 cuts of linear fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This heterogeneous
catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive
X-ray (EDX) analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
revealed the selectivity to petroselinic
acid methyl ester. The fuel properties of the biodiesel and its blends were consistent with
standards. Relatively, the NaOH process yielded higher biodiesel (96.8%) at 60^oC,
90 min, 1.2 % NaOH and 9:1 methanol-oil ratio.

Keywords

Transesterification, methyl esters, composite

Thanks

Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC), Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

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