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Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Blue Crab and Synthesis of Chitosan Cryogel Scaffolds

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 131 - 144, 08.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.00634

Abstract

Polymeric scaffolds produced by cryogelation technique have attracted increasing attention for tissue engineering applications. Cryogelation is a technique which enables to produce interconnected porous matrices from the frozen reaction mixtures of polymers or monomeric precursors. Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal natural polymer that is obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is mostly found in the exoskeleton of many crustacean. In this study, chitin was isolated from the exoskeleton of blue crap (Callinectes sapidus) using a chemical method. Callinectes sapidus samples were collected from a market, as a waste material after it has been consumed as food. Demineralization, deproteinization and decolorization steps were applied to the samples to obtain chitin. Chitosan was prepared from isolated chitin by deacetylation at high temperatures. The chemical compositon of crab shell, extracted chitin and chitosan were characterized with FTIR analyses. And also to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of the produced chitosan; solubility, water binding and fat binding analysis were performed. Chitosan cryogel scaffolds were prepared by crosslinking reaction at cryogenic conditions at constant amount of chitosan (1%, w/v) with different ratios of glutaraldehyde (1, 3, and 6%, v/v) as crosslinker. The chemical structure of the scaffolds were examined by FTIR. Also, the water uptake capacity of scaffolds have been determined. Collectively, the results suggested that the characterized chitosan cryogels can be potential scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering applications.

References

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  • Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science. 2006 July;31(7):603-32. DOI:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001.
  • Brugnerotto J, Lizardi J, Goycoole FM, Argüelles-Monal J, Desbrières J, Rinaudo M. An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization. Polymer. 2001 Apr;42:3569-80. DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00713-8.
  • Hossain MS, Iqbal A. Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University. 2014;12(1):153-60. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/209911/2/21405-76710-1-PB.pdf.
  • Özbay T, Bastürk Ö, Sungur MA. Physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan extracted from shell waste of mantis shrimp (Squilla sp.) and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun, 1896). Journal of Eğirdir Fisheries Faculty, 2011;7(2):1-10. http://edergi.sdu.edu.tr/index.php/esufd/article/viewFile/3235/3210.
  • Yuan Y, Chesnutt BM, Utturkar G. Haggard WO, Yang Y, Ong JL, Bumgardner JD. The effect of cross-linking of chitosan microspheres with genipin on protein release. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2007 Oct;68:561-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.10.023.
  • Nazemi K, Moztarzadeh F, Jalali N, Asgari FS, Mozafari M. Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles-loaded chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds as a localized delivery system in the bone defects. BioMed Research International. 2014 May;2014:1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2014/898930.
  • Mirzaei BE, Ramazani SA, Shafiee M, Danaei M. Studies on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan hydrogel properties for drug delivery systems, International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2013 Jun;62(11):605-11. DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.769165.
  • Beppu MM, Vieira RS, Aimoli CG, Santana CC, Vieira RS, Aimoli CG. Crosslinking of chitosan membranes using glutaraldehyde: Effect on ion permeability and water absorption. Journal of Membrane Science. 2007 Jun;301:126-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.06.015.
Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 131 - 144, 08.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.00634

Abstract

References

  • Yang S, Leong KF, Du Z, Chua CK. The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part I. Traditional factors. Tissue Engineering. 2001 Dec;7(6):679-89. DOI: 10.1089/107632701753337645.
  • Eisenbarth E. Biomaterials for tissue engineering. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2007 Dec;9(12):1051-60. DOI: 10.1002/adem.200700287.
  • Kim BS, Baez CE, Atala A. Biomaterials for tissue engineering. World Journal of Urology. 2000 Feb;18(1):2-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766037.
  • Ma Z, Kotaki M, Inai R, Ramakrishna S. Potential of nanofiber matrix as tissue-engineering scaffolds. Tissue Engineering. 2005 Feb;11(1-2):101-9. DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.101.
  • Gualandi C. Porous polymeric bioresorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering. Doctoral Thesis University of Bologna, Italy. 2011. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19272-2.
  • Dutta PK, Dutta J, Tripathi VS. Chitin and chitosan: Chemistry, properties and applications. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2004 Jan;63:20-31. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/5397/1/JSIR%2063(1)%2020-31.pdf.
  • Majeti NV, Kumar R. A review of chitin and chitosan applications. Reactive and functional polymers. 2000 Nov;46(1):1-27. DOI: 10.1016/S1381-5148(00)00038-9.
  • Bolat Y, Bilgin Ş, Günlü A, Izci L, Bahadır Koca S, Çetinkaya S, Koca HU. Chitin-chitosan yield of freshwater crab (Potamon potamios, Olivier 1804) shell. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2010; 30 (4);227-31. http://www.pvj.com.pk/abstract/30_4/9.htm.
  • Kumari S, Rath PK. Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from (Labeo rohit) fish scales. Procedia Materials Science. 2014;6:482-9. DOI:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.062.
  • Lertsutthiwong P, HOW NC, Suwalee C, Stevens WF. Effect of chemical treatment on the characteristics of shrimp chitosan. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 2002 Jan;12(1):11-8. http://www.material.chula.ac.th/Journal/V12-1/11-18%20LERTSUTTHIWONG.pdf
  • Türeli C, Celik M, Unal E. Comparison of meat composition and yield of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus RATHBUN, 1896) and sand crab (Portunus pelagicus LINNE, 1758) caught in İskenderun Bay, North-East Mediterranean. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 2000 May;24(3):195-03. http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/tbtkveterinary/article/view/5000032294.
  • Nessa F, Masum SM, Asaduzzaman M, Roya SK, Hossain MM, Jahan MS. A process for the preparation of chitin and chitosan from prawn shell waste. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2010;45(4):323-30. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7330.
  • Kaya M, Dudakli F, Asan Ozusaglam M, Cakmak YS, Baran T, Mentes A, Erdogan S. Porous and nanofiber a-chitosan obtained from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2016 Jan;65:1109-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.001.
  • Oduor-Odote PM, Struszczyk MH, Peter MG, Characterisation of chitosan from blowfly larvae and some crustacean species from kenyan marine waters prepared under different conditions. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science. 2005;4(1):99-107. DOI: 10.4314/wiojms.v4i1.28478.
  • Wanule D, Balkhande JV, Ratnakar PU, Kulkarni AN, Bhowate CS. Extraction and FTIR analysis of chitosan from American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology. 2014 May;3(3):299-04. http://www.ijesit.com/Volume%203/Issue%203/IJESIT201403_39.pdf.
  • Zhang Y, Xue C, Xue Y, Gao R, Zhang X. Determination of the degree of deacetylation of chitin and chitosan by X-ray powder diffraction. Carbohydrate Research. 2012 Aug;340(11):85-9. DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2005.05.005.
  • Zvezdova D. Investigation of some physicochemical properties of chitin from crab shells. Proceedings of University of Ruse, 2010;36-40. http://conf.uni-ruse.bg/bg/docs/cp10/9.1/9.1-6.pdf.
  • Abdulwadud A, Muhammed TI, Surajudeen A. Abubakar JM, Alewo OA. Extraction and characterisation of chitin and chitosan from mussel shell. Civil and Environmental Research. 2013;3(2):108-14. http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CER/article/view/4237.
  • Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science. 2006 July;31(7):603-32. DOI:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.001.
  • Brugnerotto J, Lizardi J, Goycoole FM, Argüelles-Monal J, Desbrières J, Rinaudo M. An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization. Polymer. 2001 Apr;42:3569-80. DOI:10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00713-8.
  • Hossain MS, Iqbal A. Production and characterization of chitosan from shrimp waste. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University. 2014;12(1):153-60. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/209911/2/21405-76710-1-PB.pdf.
  • Özbay T, Bastürk Ö, Sungur MA. Physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan extracted from shell waste of mantis shrimp (Squilla sp.) and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun, 1896). Journal of Eğirdir Fisheries Faculty, 2011;7(2):1-10. http://edergi.sdu.edu.tr/index.php/esufd/article/viewFile/3235/3210.
  • Yuan Y, Chesnutt BM, Utturkar G. Haggard WO, Yang Y, Ong JL, Bumgardner JD. The effect of cross-linking of chitosan microspheres with genipin on protein release. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2007 Oct;68:561-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.10.023.
  • Nazemi K, Moztarzadeh F, Jalali N, Asgari FS, Mozafari M. Synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles-loaded chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds as a localized delivery system in the bone defects. BioMed Research International. 2014 May;2014:1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2014/898930.
  • Mirzaei BE, Ramazani SA, Shafiee M, Danaei M. Studies on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan hydrogel properties for drug delivery systems, International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, 2013 Jun;62(11):605-11. DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.769165.
  • Beppu MM, Vieira RS, Aimoli CG, Santana CC, Vieira RS, Aimoli CG. Crosslinking of chitosan membranes using glutaraldehyde: Effect on ion permeability and water absorption. Journal of Membrane Science. 2007 Jun;301:126-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.06.015.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nimet Bölgen

Didem Demir

Fatma Öfkeli This is me

Seda Ceylan This is me

Publication Date January 8, 2017
Submission Date July 4, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Bölgen N, Demir D, Öfkeli F, Ceylan S. Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Blue Crab and Synthesis of Chitosan Cryogel Scaffolds. JOTCSA. 2017;3(3):131-44.

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