Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 495 - 504, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1023438

Abstract

References

  • 1. Memon AR, Aktoprakligil D, Özdemir A, Vertii A. Heavy metal accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in plants. Turk J Botany. 2001;25(3):111–21.
  • 2. Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology [Internet]. 2011;283(2–3):65–87.
  • 3. Tiwari S, Lata C. Heavy metal stress, signaling, and tolerance due to plant-associated microbes: An overview. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9(April):1–12.
  • 4. Khlifi R, Hamza-Chaffai A. Head and neck cancer due to heavy metal exposure via tobacco smoking and professional exposure: A review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010;248(2):71–88.
  • 5. Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: A review. Vol. 8, Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2010. p. 199–216.
  • 6. Zhang C, Miura J, Nagaosa Y. Determination of cadmium, zinc, nickel and cobalt in tobacco by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with 2-(8-quinolylazo)-4, 5-diphenylimidazole as a chelating reagent. Anal Sci. 2005;21(9):1105–10.
  • 7. Masindi V, Muedi KL. Environmental Contamination by Heavy Metals. Heavy Met. 2018;
  • 8. Salla V, Hardaway CJ, Sneddon J. Preliminary investigation of Spartina alterniflora for phytoextraction of selected heavy metals in soils from Southwest Louisiana. Microchem J [Internet]. 2011;97(2):207–12.
  • 9. Verma S, Yadav S, Singh I. Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2010;48(8–9):2291–7.
  • 10. Järup L. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:167–82.
  • 11. Nnorom IC, Osibanjo O, Oji-Nnorom CG. Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria. African J Biotechnol. 2005;4(10):1128–32.
  • 12. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi NG, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Sirajuddin, et al. Evaluation of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc status in biological samples of smokers and nonsmokers hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2010;24(1):34–43.
  • 13. Lindberg AL, Goessler W, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Rudnai P, Kumar R, et al. Arsenic exposure in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. J Environ Monit. 2006;8(1):203–8.
  • 14. Regassa G, Chandravanshi BS. Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1–9.
  • 15. Tassew Z, Chandravanshi BS. Levels of nicotine in Ethiopian tobacco leaves. Springerplus. 2015;4(1).
  • 16. Azeez SO, Saheed IO, Ashiyanbola IO. Assessment of Cr, Cd and Pb levels in tobacco leaves andselected cigarette samples from Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2019;22(12):1937.
  • 17. Ajab H, Yaqub A, Malik SA, Junaid M, Yasmeen S, Abdullah MA. Characterization of toxic metals in tobacco, tobacco smoke, and cigarette ash from selected imported and local brands in Pakistan. Sci World J. 2014;2014.
  • 18. Lugon-Moulin N, Zhang M, Gadani F, Rossi L, Koller D, Krauss M, et al. Critical Review of the Scienceand Options for Reducing Cadmium in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L. ) and Other Plants. Adv Agron. 2004;83(04):111–80.
  • 19. Angelova V, Ivanov K, Ivanova R. Effect of chemical forms of lead, cadmium, and zinc in polluted soils on their uptake by tobacco. J Plant Nutr. 2004;27(5):757–73.
  • 20. Bozhinova R. Heavy metal concentrations in soil and tobacco plants following long-term phosphorus fertilization. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2016;22(1):16–20.
  • 21. Golia EE, Dimirkou A, Mitsios IK. Levels of heavy metals pollution in different types of soil of Central Greece. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008;80(3):206–10.
  • 22. Lecours N, Almeida GEG, Abdallah JM, Novotny TE. Environmental health impacts of tobacco farming: A review of the literature. Tob Control. 2012;21(2):191–6.
  • 23. Selassie SG, Gebre A. Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Ethiopia. Bull Narc [Internet]. 1996;48(1–2):53—63.
  • 24. Kelepertzis E. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma [Internet]. 2014;221–222:82–90.
  • 25. Imran H, Gul T, Naz F, Brabazon D, Naher S. Clinica Chimica Acta Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2013;426:51–7.
  • 26. ICH Q 2 (R1). European Medicines Agency: An unacceptable choice. Prescrire Int. 2011;20(121):278.
  • 27. Miller JN, Miller JC. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. Sixth. London: Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England; 2010. 297 p.
  • 28. Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang MQ. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics. 2021;9(3):1–34.
  • 29. Golia EE, Dimirkou A, Mitsios IK. Heavy-metal concentration in tobacco leaves in relation to their available Soil fractions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2009;40(1–6):106–20.
  • 30. Rubio Armendáriz C, Garcia T, Soler A, Gutiérrez Fernández ÁJ, Glez-Weller D, Luis González G, et al. Heavy metals in cigarettes for sale in Spain. Environ Res [Internet]. 2015;143:162–9.
  • 31. Benson NU, Anake WU, Adedapo AE, Fred-Ahmadu OH, Ayejuyo OO. Toxic metals in cigarettes and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189(12).
  • 32. Ajab H, Yasmeen S, Yaqub A, Ajab Z, Junaid M, Siddique M, et al. Evaluation of trace metals in tobacco of local and imported cigarette brands used in Pakistan by spectrophotometer through microwave digestion. J Toxicol Sci. 2008;33(4):415–20.
  • 33. Martínez T, Aguilar F, Lartigue J, Navarrete M, Cuapio LA, López C, et al. Analysis of Mexican cigarettes by INAA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2008;278(2):365–70.
  • 34. Rodríguez-Ortíz JC, Valdez-Cepeda RD, Lara-Mireles JL, Rodríguez-Fuentes H, Vázquez-Alvarado RE, Magallanes-Quintanar R, et al. Soil nitrogen fertilization effects on phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Bioremediat J. 2006;10(3):105–14.
  • 35. Abera G, Bhagwan SC, Taddese WG. Metals in green coffee beans from major coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia. Chem Int [Internet]. 2017;3 (4)(October):359–69.
  • 36. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Talpur FN, Brabazon D, Naher S. Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2013;426:51–7.
  • 37. De Sousa Viana GF, Garcia KS, Menezes-Filho JA. Assessment of carcinogenic heavy metal levels in Brazilian cigarettes. Environ Monit Assess. 2011;181(1–4):255–65.
  • 38. Yang G, Li Z, Shi H, Wang J. Study on the determination of heavy-metal ions in tobacco and tobacco additives by microwave digestion and HPLC with PAD detection. J Anal Chem. 2005;60(5):480–5.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Tobacco Leaves and Their Growing Soils in Assosa District, Benshangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 495 - 504, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1023438

Abstract

Tobacco is a commercial plant that can accumulate heavy metals in its leaves. In this study, we investigated the levels of selected heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in tobacco leaves and their growing soils from Assosa District, Benshangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. Both samples were collected from five tobacco farmlands. The samples were digested before quantitative determinations of the metals via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Repeatability and recovery studies were used to evaluate the efficiency of the method. Repeatability was evaluated by analyzing replicate samples and expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 10.0. Recovery or percent recovery (%R) studies, which were performed by spiking known concentrations of metals into the samples, ranged from 85.67 - 111.33% and 84.25 - 114.00% for tobacco leaves and soil samples, respectively, indicating that the employed method is valid for the analysis of the metals. The concentrations of metals in tobacco leaf samples were: 0.75 -1.18 mg/kg, Mn; 0.11-0.21 mg/kg, Cu; 0.58-1.16 mg/kg, Zn; and not quantified (NQ) - 0.01 mg/kg, Cd. In soil samples, their concentrations were: 1.59-8.04 mg/kg, Mn; 0.32 - 0.38 mg/kg, Cu; and 0.29 - 1.26 mg/kg, Zn; and 0.17 - 0.31 mg/kg, Pb. Except in one tobacco leaf sample, Pb was below the limit of quantification (LOQ). Similarly, in all soil samples, the concentration of Cd was below LOQ. The findings indicate that the concentrations of the studied heavy metals in both tobacco leaves and soil samples are below their WHO permissible limits in soil and plants. However, the levels of Zn in Amba and Basha tobacco leaves were higher than the WHO permissible limit in plants.

References

  • 1. Memon AR, Aktoprakligil D, Özdemir A, Vertii A. Heavy metal accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in plants. Turk J Botany. 2001;25(3):111–21.
  • 2. Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology [Internet]. 2011;283(2–3):65–87.
  • 3. Tiwari S, Lata C. Heavy metal stress, signaling, and tolerance due to plant-associated microbes: An overview. Front Plant Sci. 2018;9(April):1–12.
  • 4. Khlifi R, Hamza-Chaffai A. Head and neck cancer due to heavy metal exposure via tobacco smoking and professional exposure: A review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010;248(2):71–88.
  • 5. Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: A review. Vol. 8, Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2010. p. 199–216.
  • 6. Zhang C, Miura J, Nagaosa Y. Determination of cadmium, zinc, nickel and cobalt in tobacco by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with 2-(8-quinolylazo)-4, 5-diphenylimidazole as a chelating reagent. Anal Sci. 2005;21(9):1105–10.
  • 7. Masindi V, Muedi KL. Environmental Contamination by Heavy Metals. Heavy Met. 2018;
  • 8. Salla V, Hardaway CJ, Sneddon J. Preliminary investigation of Spartina alterniflora for phytoextraction of selected heavy metals in soils from Southwest Louisiana. Microchem J [Internet]. 2011;97(2):207–12.
  • 9. Verma S, Yadav S, Singh I. Trace metal concentration in different Indian tobacco products and related health implications. Food Chem Toxicol [Internet]. 2010;48(8–9):2291–7.
  • 10. Järup L. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull. 2003;68:167–82.
  • 11. Nnorom IC, Osibanjo O, Oji-Nnorom CG. Cadmium determination in cigarettes available in Nigeria. African J Biotechnol. 2005;4(10):1128–32.
  • 12. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi NG, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Sirajuddin, et al. Evaluation of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc status in biological samples of smokers and nonsmokers hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens [Internet]. 2010;24(1):34–43.
  • 13. Lindberg AL, Goessler W, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Rudnai P, Kumar R, et al. Arsenic exposure in Hungary, Romania and Slovakia. J Environ Monit. 2006;8(1):203–8.
  • 14. Regassa G, Chandravanshi BS. Levels of heavy metals in the raw and processed Ethiopian tobacco leaves. Springerplus. 2016;5(1):1–9.
  • 15. Tassew Z, Chandravanshi BS. Levels of nicotine in Ethiopian tobacco leaves. Springerplus. 2015;4(1).
  • 16. Azeez SO, Saheed IO, Ashiyanbola IO. Assessment of Cr, Cd and Pb levels in tobacco leaves andselected cigarette samples from Ilorin Metropolis Kwara State, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2019;22(12):1937.
  • 17. Ajab H, Yaqub A, Malik SA, Junaid M, Yasmeen S, Abdullah MA. Characterization of toxic metals in tobacco, tobacco smoke, and cigarette ash from selected imported and local brands in Pakistan. Sci World J. 2014;2014.
  • 18. Lugon-Moulin N, Zhang M, Gadani F, Rossi L, Koller D, Krauss M, et al. Critical Review of the Scienceand Options for Reducing Cadmium in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L. ) and Other Plants. Adv Agron. 2004;83(04):111–80.
  • 19. Angelova V, Ivanov K, Ivanova R. Effect of chemical forms of lead, cadmium, and zinc in polluted soils on their uptake by tobacco. J Plant Nutr. 2004;27(5):757–73.
  • 20. Bozhinova R. Heavy metal concentrations in soil and tobacco plants following long-term phosphorus fertilization. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2016;22(1):16–20.
  • 21. Golia EE, Dimirkou A, Mitsios IK. Levels of heavy metals pollution in different types of soil of Central Greece. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008;80(3):206–10.
  • 22. Lecours N, Almeida GEG, Abdallah JM, Novotny TE. Environmental health impacts of tobacco farming: A review of the literature. Tob Control. 2012;21(2):191–6.
  • 23. Selassie SG, Gebre A. Rapid assessment of drug abuse in Ethiopia. Bull Narc [Internet]. 1996;48(1–2):53—63.
  • 24. Kelepertzis E. Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Mediterranean: Insights from Argolida basin, Peloponnese, Greece. Geoderma [Internet]. 2014;221–222:82–90.
  • 25. Imran H, Gul T, Naz F, Brabazon D, Naher S. Clinica Chimica Acta Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2013;426:51–7.
  • 26. ICH Q 2 (R1). European Medicines Agency: An unacceptable choice. Prescrire Int. 2011;20(121):278.
  • 27. Miller JN, Miller JC. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. Sixth. London: Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England; 2010. 297 p.
  • 28. Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang MQ. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics. 2021;9(3):1–34.
  • 29. Golia EE, Dimirkou A, Mitsios IK. Heavy-metal concentration in tobacco leaves in relation to their available Soil fractions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2009;40(1–6):106–20.
  • 30. Rubio Armendáriz C, Garcia T, Soler A, Gutiérrez Fernández ÁJ, Glez-Weller D, Luis González G, et al. Heavy metals in cigarettes for sale in Spain. Environ Res [Internet]. 2015;143:162–9.
  • 31. Benson NU, Anake WU, Adedapo AE, Fred-Ahmadu OH, Ayejuyo OO. Toxic metals in cigarettes and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure. Environ Monit Assess. 2017;189(12).
  • 32. Ajab H, Yasmeen S, Yaqub A, Ajab Z, Junaid M, Siddique M, et al. Evaluation of trace metals in tobacco of local and imported cigarette brands used in Pakistan by spectrophotometer through microwave digestion. J Toxicol Sci. 2008;33(4):415–20.
  • 33. Martínez T, Aguilar F, Lartigue J, Navarrete M, Cuapio LA, López C, et al. Analysis of Mexican cigarettes by INAA. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2008;278(2):365–70.
  • 34. Rodríguez-Ortíz JC, Valdez-Cepeda RD, Lara-Mireles JL, Rodríguez-Fuentes H, Vázquez-Alvarado RE, Magallanes-Quintanar R, et al. Soil nitrogen fertilization effects on phytoextraction of cadmium and lead by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Bioremediat J. 2006;10(3):105–14.
  • 35. Abera G, Bhagwan SC, Taddese WG. Metals in green coffee beans from major coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia. Chem Int [Internet]. 2017;3 (4)(October):359–69.
  • 36. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Talpur FN, Brabazon D, Naher S. Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their impact on human health of Irish hypertensive consumers. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2013;426:51–7.
  • 37. De Sousa Viana GF, Garcia KS, Menezes-Filho JA. Assessment of carcinogenic heavy metal levels in Brazilian cigarettes. Environ Monit Assess. 2011;181(1–4):255–65.
  • 38. Yang G, Li Z, Shi H, Wang J. Study on the determination of heavy-metal ions in tobacco and tobacco additives by microwave digestion and HPLC with PAD detection. J Anal Chem. 2005;60(5):480–5.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tsegaye Melkamu This is me 0000-0003-3748-1218

Abera Gure 0000-0002-2777-3500

Tsegaye Girma Asere 0000-0003-0126-9098

Publication Date May 31, 2022
Submission Date November 14, 2021
Acceptance Date March 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Melkamu T, Gure A, Asere TG. Determination of Heavy Metals in Tobacco Leaves and Their Growing Soils in Assosa District, Benshangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. JOTCSA. 2022;9(2):495-504.