Residues from The Mishraq Sulfur Mine and The Nano_Sulfur Derived from Them as Modifiers for The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Iraqi Asphalt

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1055 - 1064, 30.08.2024

Saad Ahmed , Ammar A Hamdoon , Mote`a Abdulla

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1386031

Abstract

This study included the modification of asphalt using sulfur waste (foam) resulting from the purification of sulfur from the Al-Mishraq field through a chemical oxidation method. In addition, it utilized nano sulfur prepared from these wastes in the modification of asphalt. The study initiated with a comprehensive analysis of foam composition and employed various diagnostic techniques. It then proceeded to prepare calcium polysulfide, sodium polysulfide and potassium polysulfide from the foam, followed by the preparation of nano_sulfur from these salts. The sulfur's nano-sized particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to determine sulfur content, and the particle size range was (83.40nm), (45.13nm) and (38.51nm). The prepared nano-sulfur was used to modify the properties of Iraqi asphalt. The original and modified asphalt's rheological properties were determined by measuring properties such as Ductility, softening point, penetration, penetration index, Marshall stability, chemical immersion, and aging. The modified asphalt showed rheological properties that qualified it for use in paving operations, especially in terms of resistance to acid rain and stability.

Keywords

asphalt, nano_sulfur, foam, polysulfide

Ethical Statement

Non

Supporting Institution

Mishraq Sulfur State Company, University of Mosul

Project Number

3

Thanks

Upon the completion of this work, we express our sincere gratitude to both the University of Mosul, College of Pure Sciences, Department of Chemistry, and the General Company for Sulfur in Al-Mishraq for their invaluable assistance and support throughout the research process

References

• 1. Redelius P, Soenen H. Relation between bitumen chemistry and performance. Fuel [Internet]. 2015 Jan;140:34–43. Available from: <URL>.
• 2. Read J, Whiteoak D. The shell bitumen handbook [Internet]. Thomas Telford Publishing; 2003. Available from: <URL>.
• 3. Vargas X, Afanasjeva N, Alvarez M, Marchal P, Choplin L. Asphalt rheology evolution through thermo-oxidation (aging) in a rheo-reactor. Fuel [Internet]. 2008 Oct;87(13–14):3018–23. Available from: <URL>.
• 4. Mohammed M, Parry T, Thom N, Grenfell J. Microstructure and mechanical properties of fibre reinforced asphalt mixtures. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2020 Apr;240:117932. Available from: <URL>.
• 5. Shen J, Amirkhanian S, Xiao F, Tang B. Influence of surface area and size of crumb rubber on high temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2009 Jan;23(1):304–10. Available from: <URL>.
• 6. Allam A, ELfateh A, Shafeq M, Abdo M. Effects of different additives on the behavior of asphalt. In: The International Undergraduate Research Conference [Internet]. The Military Technical College; 2022. p. 1–4. Available from: <URL>.
• 7. Owaid K, Hamdoon A, Matti R, Saleh M, Abdelzaher M. Waste Polymer and Lubricating Oil Used as Asphalt Rheological Modifiers. Materials (Basel) [Internet]. 2022 May 24;15(11):3744. Available from: <URL>.
• 8. Li R, Xiao F, Amirkhanian S, You Z, Huang J. Developments of nano materials and technologies on asphalt materials – A review. Constr Build Mater [Internet]. 2017 Jul;143:633–48. Available from: <URL>.
• 9. Shah PM, Mir MS. Application of nanotechnology in pavement engineering: a review. Can J Civ Eng [Internet]. 2020 Sep;47(9):1037–45. Available from: <URL>.
• 10. Fang C, Yu R, Liu S, Li Y. Nanomaterials Applied in Asphalt Modification: A Review. J Mater Sci Technol [Internet]. 2013 Jul;29(7):589–94. Available from: <URL>.
• 11. Zeng L, Xiao L, Zhang J, Fu H. The Role of Nanotechnology in Subgrade and Pavement Engineering: A Review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1;20(8):4607–18. Available from: <URL>.
• 12. Abass MF, Hamdoon AA. Studying the effect of using a mixture (synthetic polymer: natural polymer) on the rheological properties of asphalt. J Phys Conf Ser [Internet]. 2021 Sep 1;1999(1):012143. Available from: <URL>.
• 13. Al-Hadidy AI. Sustainable Recycling of Sulfur Waste Through Utilization in Asphalt Paving Applications. Int J Pavement Res Technol [Internet]. 2023 Mar 2;16(2):474–86. Available from: <URL>.
• 14. Nguyen VH, Le VP. Performance evaluation of sulfur as alternative binder additive for asphalt mixtures. Int J Pavement Res Technol [Internet]. 2019 Jul 19;12(4):380–7. Available from: <URL>.
• 15. Zhang J, Tan Y. Rheology, morphology and phase behavior of SBS/sulfur modified asphalt based on experimental assessment and molecular dynamics. Int J Pavement Eng [Internet]. 2023 Jan 28;24(2):2159029. Available from: <URL>.
• 16. Hatif Z, Al-Hdabi A, Nageim H Al. Effect of adding nano clay on asphalt characteristics. In 2023. p. 060020. Available from: <URL>.
• 17. Singh M, Jain K, Kahlon SS. Use of Sulphur as an Additive in Bitumen: A Review. Int Res J Eng Technol [Internet]. 2020;7(10):36–43. Available from: <URL>.
• 18. Willliams WJ. Handbook of Anion Determination [Internet]. Butterworth &Co(publisher) Ltd.; 1979. Available from: <URL>.
• 19. Shareef SS, Halo TA, Abdulla MO. Recovery of Sulfur from the Residues of the Chemical Method for the Purification of Sulfur from the Farsch Mine in the Al-Mishraq Mine. Iraqi J Ind Res [Internet]. 2023 Jun 14;10(1):15–25. Available from: <URL>.
• 20. Hussein A, Hamdoon A, Ahmed S, Mubarak H, Saleh M. Study of the effect of adding a blend of (ethylene vinyl acetate: styrene butadiene rubber) on the rheological properties of asphaltic materials. Egypt J Chem [Internet]. 2022 Mar 6;65(11):395–406. Available from: <URL>.
• 21. Bustillo Revuelta M. Construction Materials [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. (Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment). Available from: <URL>.
• 22. Al-Mohammed M, Al-Hadidy A. Durability and Rutting Resistance of SBS-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing Blowdown as a Sustainable Filler. Al-Rafidain Eng J [Internet]. 2023 Sep 1;28(2):48–57. Available from: <URL>.
• 23. Çetin M. Pavement design with porous asphalt [Internet]. 2013. Available from: <URL>.
• 24. ASTM. D1559-89 - Test method for resistance of plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall apparatus. Annual Book of Astm Standards. Philadelphia PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, America [Internet]. 1998. Available from: <URL>.
• 25. Speight JG. Asphalt Materials Science and Technology [Internet]. 2016. Available from: <URL>.
• 26. ASTM. D 1754–97 Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test) 1 [Internet]. 2002. Available from: <URL>.
• 27. Brauer G, editor. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry [Internet]. London: Academic Press Inc.; 1963. Available from: <URL>.
• 28. Scimeca M, Bischetti S, Lamsira HK, Bonfiglio R, Bonanno E. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis: A powerful tool in biomedical research and diagnosis. Eur J Histochem [Internet]. 2018 Mar 15;62(1):89–99. Available from: <URL>.
• 29. Lyman CE, Newbury DE, Goldstein JI, Williams DB, Romig AD, Armstrong JT, et al. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis [Internet]. Microscopy and Microanalysis. Plenum Press; 1990. Available from: <URL>.
• 30. Zoorob SE, Suparma LB. Laboratory design and investigation of the properties of continuously graded Asphaltic concrete containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt). Cem Concr Compos [Internet]. 2000 Jan;22(4):233–42. Available from: <URL>.