Equilibrium and Kinetic of ultrasound-assisted adsorption of Chromium (VI) ion from electroplating wastewater using melon seed husk activated carbon

Abstract

This study was focused on the removal of Cr(VI) ions from electroplating wastewater by ultrasound-assisted adsorption onto activated carbon obtained from melon seed husk. The activated carbon was produced by carbonization of crushed melon seed husk at a temperature of 500 °C for 15 min and further activation using 1.0 M concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) at a temperature of 500 °C for 90 min in a muffle furnace. The obtained adsorption isotherm data were better fitted to the Langmuir model than Freundlich model for adsorption both in the presence and absence of ultrasound (US). The adsorbent maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) ion obtained from the Langmuir isotherms, were 5.059 mg/g and 2.031 mg/g both in the presence of ultrasound and its absence, respectively. The adsorption process in the presence and absence of ultrasound obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The SEM image of activated carbon before adsorption of metal ion revealed that the surface of activated carbon contains pores with different sizes and shapes, and also showed a significant change on the surface of activated carbon after interaction with Cr(VI) ions.

Keywords

• Carbonization,
• Activated carbon,
• melon seed husk,
• ultrasound-assisted adsorption

References

1. 1. Alghamdi AA, Al-Odayni A-B, Saeed WS, Al-Kahtani A, Alharthi FA, Aouak T. Efficient Adsorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Phase Solutions Using Polypyrrole-Based Activated Carbon. Materials. 2019 Jun 24;12(12):2020.
2. 2. Rao RAK, Kashifuddin M. Kinetics and isotherm studies of Cd(II) adsorption from aqueous solution utilizing seeds of bottlebrush plant (Callistemon chisholmii). Appl Water Sci. 2014 Dec;4(4):371–83.
3. 3. Chaturvedi D, Sahu O. Adsorption of heavy metal ions from wastewater. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2014;2(3):020–8.
4. 4. Shafiq M, Alazba A, Amin M. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using date palm as a biosorbent: a comparative review. Sains Malaysiana. 2018;47(1):35–49.
5. 5. Kanawade SM, Gaikwad R. Removal of zinc ions from industrial effluent by using cork powder as adsorbent. International journal of chemical engineering and applications. 2011;2(3):199.
6. 6. Bilal M, Shah JA, Ashfaq T, Gardazi SMH, Tahir AA, Pervez A, et al. Waste biomass adsorbents for copper removal from industrial wastewater—A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013 Dec;263:322–33.
7. 7. Abdel-Raouf M, Abdul-Raheim A. Removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water by biomass-based materials: a review. J Pollut Effects Control. 2017;5(1):1–13.
8. 8. Milenković DD, Dašić PV, Veljković VB. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of copper(II) ions on hazelnut shell activated carbon. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2009 Apr;16(4):557–63.

9. 9. Giwa S, Abdullah LC, Adam NM. Investigating “Egusi” (Citrullus Colocynthis L.) Seed Oil as Potential Biodiesel Feedstock. Energies. 2010 Mar 30;3(4):607–18.
10. 10. Idris S, Yisa J, Muhammed NM, Chioma C. Equilibrium and Adsorption Studies of Malachite Green onto Melon Seed Shell Activated Carbon. Int J Modern Chem. 2013;4(2):90–103.
11. 11. Babarinde A, Omisore GO, Babalola JO. Kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic parameters for the biosorption of Ni (II), Cr (III), and Co (II) onto Melon (Citrillus lanatus) seed husk. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 2014;6:18–33.
12. 12. Nwankwo D, Sylvanus Chima E, Tochukwu M. Comparative study of the Bioadsorbtion of Cadmium and lead from industrial waste water using melon (citrullus colocynthis) husk activated with sulphuric acid. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014;1(1):1–8.
13. 13. Hamdaoui O, Naffrechoux E. Adsorption kinetics of 4-chlorophenol onto granular activated carbon in the presence of high frequency ultrasound. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2009 Jan;16(1):15–22.
14. 14. Parthasarathy S, Mohammed RR, Fong CM, Gomes RL, Manickam S. A novel hybrid approach of activated carbon and ultrasound cavitation for the intensification of palm oil mill effluent (POME) polishing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016 Jan;112:1218–26.
15. 15. Raya I, Zakir M. The adsorption of Pb (II) ions on activated carbon from rice husk, irradiated by ultrasonic waves: kinetic and thermodynamics studies. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 2014;4(2):18–24.
16. 16. Entezari MH, Soltani T. Simultaneous removal of copper and lead ions from a binary solution by sono-sorption process. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008 Dec;160(1):88–93.
17. 17. Milenković DD, Bojić ALj, Veljković VB. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption of 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonate from aqueous solutions by corn cob activated carbon. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2013 May;20(3):955–62.
18. 18. Norozi F, Haghdoost G. Application of corncob as a natural adsorbent for the removal of Mn (VII) ions from aqueous solutions. Orient J Chem. 2016;32(4):2263–8.
19. 19. Odoemelam SA, Onwu FK, Uchechukwu SC, Chinedu MA. Adsorption isotherm studies of Cd (ll) and Pb (ll) ions from aqueous solutions by bamboo-based activated charcoal and bamboo dust. American Chemical Science Journal. 2015;5(3):253–69.
20. 20. Foo KY, Hameed BH. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from melon ( Citrullus vulgaris ) seed hull by microwave-induced NaOH activation. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2012 Sep;47(1–3):130–8.
21. 21. Igwe JC, Abia A, Ibeh C. Adsorption kinetics and intraparticulate diffusivities of Hg, As and Pb ions on unmodified and thiolated coconut fiber. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. 2008;5(1):83–92.