Investigating the Chemical and Thermal Based Treatment Procedure on the Clinoptilolite to Improve the Physicochemical Properties

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 39 - 58, 30.11.2022

Ezgi Bayrakdar Ateş

Abstract

Natural clinoptilolites have been preferred as promising catalysts and adsorption materials due to their low cost and important properties. However, they struggle with their cationic phases and impurities, weakening the physicochemical structure. The main approach is to improve the features of clinoptilolites by applying treatments such as acid modification and calcination. Here in clinoptilolites in two different particle sizes were pre-treated with acid, then, calcined at two different temperatures (300 and 500 °C) with different durations (2 and 3 h). The effects of pre-treatment were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), N2 adsorption with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. XRF analysis shows that cations and aluminum were removed due to pre-treatments and that the clinoptilolite, with a smaller particle size, had a higher Si/Al ratio. All clinoptilolites showed good thermal stability up to temperatures 600–800 °C with continuous mass-loss curves. It was determined that surface area and total pore volume increased in most of the samples without agglomeration by SEM-EDS and BET. The surface functional groups were investigated by FTIR and intensities of some bands showed a decrease due to decationization.

Keywords

Clinoptilolite, Acid Treatment, Calcination, Natural Zeolite, Heat Treatment

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Yalova University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

Project No: 2019/AP/0014

Thanks

This study was supported by the Yalova University Scientific Research Projects Unit through project No: 2019/AP/0014. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Gordes Zeolite Mining Corporation for their support in the supply of natural clinoptiolite samples. I also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Sibel BASAKCILARDAN KABAKCI for sharing her technical devices such as centrifuge and precision scales. I sincerely would like to thank Dr. Ozlem TUNA for her general support on the some technical issues.

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