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Investigating the Chemical and Thermal Based Treatment Procedure on the Clinoptilolite to Improve the Physicochemical Properties

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 39 - 58, 30.11.2022

Abstract

Natural clinoptilolites have been preferred as promising catalysts and adsorption materials due to their low cost and important properties. However, they struggle with their cationic phases and impurities, weakening the physicochemical structure. The main approach is to improve the features of clinoptilolites by applying treatments such as acid modification and calcination. Here in clinoptilolites in two different particle sizes were pre-treated with acid, then, calcined at two different temperatures (300 and 500 °C) with different durations (2 and 3 h). The effects of pre-treatment were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), N2 adsorption with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. XRF analysis shows that cations and aluminum were removed due to pre-treatments and that the clinoptilolite, with a smaller particle size, had a higher Si/Al ratio. All clinoptilolites showed good thermal stability up to temperatures 600–800 °C with continuous mass-loss curves. It was determined that surface area and total pore volume increased in most of the samples without agglomeration by SEM-EDS and BET. The surface functional groups were investigated by FTIR and intensities of some bands showed a decrease due to decationization.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by the Yalova University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

Project No: 2019/AP/0014

Thanks

This study was supported by the Yalova University Scientific Research Projects Unit through project No: 2019/AP/0014. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Gordes Zeolite Mining Corporation for their support in the supply of natural clinoptiolite samples. I also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Sibel BASAKCILARDAN KABAKCI for sharing her technical devices such as centrifuge and precision scales. I sincerely would like to thank Dr. Ozlem TUNA for her general support on the some technical issues.

References

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Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 39 - 58, 30.11.2022

Abstract

Project Number

Project No: 2019/AP/0014

References

  • 1. Çolak A, Mi̇Ndi̇Van F, Göktaş M. İndirgenmiş Grafen Oksit Katkılı UHMWPE Kompozitin Kuru ve Sulu Ortamlarda Aşınma Davranışlarının Karşılaştırılması. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019 Dec 15;12–20.
  • 2. Wang C, Leng S, Guo H, Cao L, Huang J. Acid and alkali treatments for regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of natural zeolite. Applied Surface Science. 2019 Jun;478:319–26.
  • 3. Ates A, Hardacre C. The effect of various treatment conditions on natural zeolites: Ion exchange, acidic, thermal and steam treatments. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2012 Apr;372(1):130–40.
  • 4. Silva M, Lecus A, Lin Y, Corrao J. Tailoring Natural Zeolites by Acid Treatments. MSCE. 2019;07(02):26–37.
  • 5. Wang S, Peng Y. Natural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010 Jan 1;156(1):11–24.
  • 6. Adinehvand J, Shokuhi Rad A, Tehrani AS. Acid-treated zeolite (clinoptilolite) and its potential to zinc removal from water sample. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Nov;13(11):2705–12.
  • 7. Król MK, Jeleń P. The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure of Zeolite A. Materials. 2021 Aug 18;14(16):4642.
  • 8. de Souza V, Villarroel-Rocha J, de Araújo M, Sapag K, Pergher S. Basic Treatment in Natural Clinoptilolite for Improvement of Physicochemical Properties. Minerals. 2018 Dec 14;8(12):595.
  • 9. Cakicioglu-Ozkan F, Ulku S. The effect of HCl treatment on water vapor adsorption characteristics of clinoptilolite rich natural zeolite. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2005 Jan;77(1):47–53.
  • 10. Elaiopoulos K, Perraki Th, Grigoropoulou E. Monitoring the effect of hydrothermal treatments on the structure of a natural zeolite through a combined XRD, FTIR, XRF, SEM and N2-porosimetry analysis. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2010 Oct;134(1–3):29–43.
  • 11. Koshy N, Singh DN. Fly ash zeolites for water treatment applications. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2016 Jun;4(2):1460–72.
  • 12. Mortazavi N, Bahadori M, Marandi A, Tangestaninejad S, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, et al. Enhancement of CO2 adsorption on natural zeolite, modified clinoptilolite with cations, amines and ionic liquids. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2021 Sep;22:100495.
  • 13. Moshoeshoe M, Nadiye-Tabbiruka MS, Obuseng V. A review of the chemistry, structure, properties and applications of zeolites. Am J Mater Sci. 2017;7(5):196–221.
  • 14. Dickerson T, Soria J. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review. Energies. 2013 Jan 21;6(1):514–38.
  • 15. Anand R, Khaire SS, Maheswari R, Gore KU. Alkylation of biphenyl with t-butylalcohol over modified Y zeolites. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. 2004 Aug;218(2):241–6.
  • 16. Ivanova II, Kuznetsov AS, Yuschenko VV, Knyazeva EE. Design of composite micro/mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2004 Sep 30;76(9):1647–57.
  • 17. Cherif L, El-Berrichi FZ, Bengueddach A, Tougne P, Fraissard J. Structural evolution of calcium-exchanged (NH4)2SiF6-dealuminated Y zeolite after various chemical treatments. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2003 Jun;220(1–3):83–9.
  • 18. Rivera A, Farías T, de Ménorval LC, Autié-Pérez M, Lam A. Natural and Sodium Clinoptilolites Submitted to Acid Treatments: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem C. 2013 Feb 28;117(8):4079–88.
  • 19. Valdiviés-Cruz K, Lam A, Zicovich-Wilson CM. Full Mechanism of Zeolite Dealumination in Aqueous Strong Acid Medium: Ab Initio Periodic Study on H-Clinoptilolite. J Phys Chem C. 2017 Feb 9;121(5):2652–60.
  • 20. Panda AK, Mishra BG, Mishra DK, Singh RK. Effect of sulphuric acid treatment on the physico-chemical characteristics of kaolin clay. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2010 Jun;363(1–3):98–104.
  • 21. Apelian MR, Fung AS, Kennedy GJ, Degnan TF. Dealumination of Zeolite β via Dicarboxylic Acid Treatment. J Phys Chem. 1996 Jan 1;100(41):16577–83.
  • 22. Wang C, Cao L, Huang J. Influences of acid and heat treatments on the structure and water vapor adsorption property of natural zeolite. Surf Interface Anal. 2017 Dec;49(12):1249–55.
  • 23. Chen X, Srubar WV. Sulfuric acid improves the reactivity of zeolites via dealumination. Construction and Building Materials. 2020 Dec;264:120648.
  • 24. Ong LH, Dömök M, Olindo R, van Veen AC, Lercher JA. Dealumination of HZSM-5 via steam-treatment. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2012 Dec;164:9–20.
  • 25. Seraj S, Ferron RD, Juenger MCG. Calcining natural zeolites to improve their effect on cementitious mixture workability. Cement and Concrete Research. 2016 Jul;85:102–10.
  • 26. Perraki T, Kontori E, Tsivilis S, Kakali G. The effect of zeolite on the properties and hydration of blended cements. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2010 Feb;32(2):128–33.
  • 27. Li X, Qiao K, He L, Liu X, Yan Z, Xing W, et al. Combined modification of ultra-stable Y zeolites via citric acid and phosphoric acid. Appl Petrochem Res. 2014 Oct;4(4):343–9.
  • 28. Matias P, Lopes JM, Ayrault P, Laforge S, Magnoux P, Guisnet M, et al. Effect of dealumination by acid treatment of a HMCM-22 zeolite on the acidity and activity of the pore systems. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2009 Aug;365(2):207–13.
  • 29. Jentys A, Warecka G, Derewinski M, Lercher JA. Adsorption of water on ZSM 5 zeolites. J Phys Chem. 1989 Jun;93(12):4837–43.
  • 30. Ahmadi B, Shekarchi M. Use of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2010 Feb;32(2):134–41.
  • 31. Bilim C. Properties of cement mortars containing clinoptilolite as a supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials. 2011 Aug;25(8):3175–80.
  • 32. Lilkov V, Petrov O, Petkova V, Petrova N, Tzvetanova Y. Study of the pozzolanic activity and hydration products of cement pastes with addition of natural zeolites. Clay miner. 2011 Jun;46(2):241–50.
  • 33. Perraki T, Kontori E, Tsivilis S, Kakali G. The effect of zeolite on the properties and hydration of blended cements. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2010 Feb;32(2):128–33.
  • 34. Burris LE, Juenger MCG. Effect of calcination on the reactivity of natural clinoptilolite zeolites used as supplementary cementitious materials. Construction and Building Materials. 2020 Oct;258:119988.
  • 35. Florez C, Restrepo-Baena O, Tobon JI. Effects of calcination and milling pre-treatments on natural zeolites as a supplementary cementitious material. Construction and Building Materials. 2021 Dec;310:125220.
  • 36. Roussel N, Lemaître A, Flatt RJ, Coussot P. Steady state flow of cement suspensions: A micromechanical state of the art. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010 Jan;40(1):77–84.
  • 37. Fernandez R, Martirena F, Scrivener KL. The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Cement and Concrete Research. 2011 Jan;41(1):113–22.
  • 38. Elaiopoulos K, Perraki Th, Grigoropoulou E. Mineralogical study and porosimetry measurements of zeolites from Scaloma area, Thrace, Greece. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2008 Jul;112(1–3):441–9. 39. Erdoğan B, Dikmen G. Effect of the acid type on clinoptilolite-rich tuff for hydrogen storage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020 Jan;45(3):2017–21.
  • 40. Dziedzicka A, Sulikowski B, Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk M. Catalytic and physicochemical properties of modified natural clinoptilolite. Catalysis Today. 2016 Jan;259:50–8.
  • 41. Davarpanah E, Armandi M, Hernández S, Fino D, Arletti R, Bensaid S, et al. CO2 capture on natural zeolite clinoptilolite: Effect of temperature and role of the adsorption sites. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020 Dec;275:111229.
  • 42. Kennedy DA, Mujčin M, Abou-Zeid C, Tezel FH. Cation exchange modification of clinoptilolite –thermodynamic effects on adsorption separations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2019 Jan;274:327–41.
  • 43. Miądlicki P, Wróblewska A, Kiełbasa K, Koren ZC, Michalkiewicz B. Sulfuric acid modified clinoptilolite as a solid green catalyst for solvent-free α-pinene isomerization process. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2021 Sep;324:111266.
  • 44. Ackley MW, Giese RF, Yang RT. Clinoptilolite: Untapped potential for kinetics gas separations. Zeolites. 1992 Sep;12(7):780–8.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering, Material Production Technologies
Journal Section Full-length articles
Authors

Ezgi Bayrakdar Ateş 0000-0001-7306-8733

Project Number Project No: 2019/AP/0014
Publication Date November 30, 2022
Submission Date March 29, 2022
Acceptance Date June 13, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bayrakdar Ateş, E. (2022). Investigating the Chemical and Thermal Based Treatment Procedure on the Clinoptilolite to Improve the Physicochemical Properties. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section B: Chemical Engineering, 5(2), 39-58.

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J. Turk. Chem. Soc., Sect. B: Chem. Eng. (JOTCSB)