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Güzarın Maslahatı? Ghuzz <kwḏrkyn> ‘Herhangi Bir Hükümdarın veya Reisin Vekili’ ≠ Qarluq/Uyγur Kül Erkin ‘Yüce Bir Hükümdarın Sıfatı’

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 506 - 533, 05.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1352023

Abstract

The author strongly criticises the medieval explanation of Mahmud Kashgari’s interpretation of the Qarluq royal title kül erkin as ‘intelligence collected like a full pond’, calling it utter nonsense. He also argues against the claim that this Qarluq title is the same as the Ghuzz title recorded by Ibn Faḍlān. The equation of the two titles lacks evidence and reason, since was not a royal title but a title for a subject. He suggests that the title may have been derived from küḏär ‘to wait for, to look after, to take care of’ (< kǖd- ‘to wait for, to look after, to take care of’) combined with äg-gin or äg-in meaning’ who has bent, bowed’ or ‘one who bends’, possibly referring to a servant who looked after state affairs or carried the weight of state affairs. They discuss parallels from other cultures, including the Khazars, where titles reflected the holder’s role in society. The Khazars appear to have developed a triarchy before the collapse of their empire, with a separate office for the ‘king’ in Jewish sources, reflecting a deliberate attempt to parallel the history of Israel’s judges.

References

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  • Curta, F. (2019). Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
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  • Dankoff, R. & Kelly, J. (1984). Mahmut el-Kāşгarī: Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīvān Luγāt at-Türk) II. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Dankoff, R. & Kelly, J. (1985). Mahmut el-Kāşгarī: Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīvān Luγāt at-Türk) III. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Dankoff, R. & Manaster-Ramer, A. (1982). Gerhard Doerfer and Semih Tezcan, Wörterbuch des Chaladsch. Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 74, 270‑280. (Review)
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  • Elias, N. (1895). The Tarikh-i-rashidi of Muhammad Haidar Dughlát: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. Tr. Ross, E. D. London: Sampson Low Marston.
  • Erdal, M. (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation, A Functional Approach to the Lexicon, Vol. I–II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
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  • Evetts, J. (2013). Professionalism: Value and ideology. Current Sociology, 61(5-6), 778–796.
  • Gedi̇kli̇, Y. (2021). Kül (ti̇gi̇n), kür ~ kûr ~ kör ~ kûz ~ küç ve kök ~ *kûk unvan ni̇teleyi̇ci̇leri̇ üzeri̇ne. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 251, 395-410.
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L’affaire d’un chargé? Ghuzz <kwḏrkyn> ‘deputy (of any ruler or chieftain)’ ≠ Qarluq/Uyγur Kül Erkin ‘epithet of a supreme ruler’

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 506 - 533, 05.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1352023

Abstract

The author strongly criticises the medieval explanation of Mahmud Kashgari’s interpretation of the Qarluq royal title Kül Erkin as ‘intelligence collected like a full pond’, calling it utter nonsense. He also argues against the claim that this Qarluq title is the same as the Ghuzz title recorded by Ibn Faḍlān. The equation of the two titles lacks evidence and reason, since was not a royal title but a title for a subject. He suggests that the title may have been derived from küḏär ‘to wait for, to look after, to take care of’ (< kǖd- ‘to wait for, to look after, to take care of’) combined with äg-gin or äg-in meaning’ who has bent, bowed’ or ‘one who bends’, possibly referring to a servant who looked after state affairs or carried the weight of state affairs. They discuss parallels from other cultures, including the Khazars, where titles reflected the holder’s role in society. The Khazars appear to have developed a triarchy before the collapse of their empire, with a separate office for the ‘king’ in Jewish sources, reflecting a deliberate attempt to parallel the history of Israel’s judges.

References

  • Agajanov, S. G. (1969). Очерки истории огузов и туркмен Средней Азии IX-XIII вв. Ашгабад: Ылым.
  • Agajanov, S. G. (1998). The states of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kïpchak. In History of Civilizations of Central Asia IV/1 (The Age of Achievement: A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, the Historical, Social and Economic Setting). (pp. 61-76). Paris: UNESCO.
  • Al-Qāḍī, Wadād. (1988). The Term “Khalīfa” in Early Exegetical Literature. Die Welt des Islams, New Series, 28(1/4), 392-411.
  • Angeli, F. (2007). Очерки истории гагаузов потомков огузов (середина VIII - начало XXI вв.). Кишинев: Tipogr. Centrala.
  • Banguoğlu, T. (1959). Kâşgari’den Notlar: II – Oğuzlar ve Oğuzeli Üzerine. Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı Belleten, 7, 1-26.
  • Barthold, V. V. (1927). Orta Asya Türk Tari̇hi̇ Hakkında Dersler. İstanbul: Evkaf.
  • Barthold, W. (1897). Die historische Bedeutung der alttürkischen Inschriften. Appendix (paginated separately). In Radloff, W. Die alttürkischen Inschriften der Mongolei, Neue. Folge. St. Petersburg: Buchdruckerei der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • Barthold, W. (1935). 12 Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Türken Mittelasiens. Die Welt des Islams, 17, 1-247+273-278.
  • Berezin, İ. N. (1858). Сборник летописей. История монголов. Сочинение Рашид-Эддина, [1:] Введение: O турецских и монгольских племенах. Перевод с персдидского с введением и примечаниями. Труды Восточного отделения русского археологического общества, V.
  • Berezin, İ. N. (1861). Сборник летописей. История монголов. Сочинение Рашид-Эддина, [2:] Введение: о турецких и монгольских племенах. Персидский текст с предисловием и примечаниями. Труды Восточного отделения русского археологического общества, VII.
  • Bernardini, M. (2013). The Mongol puppet lords and the Qarawnas. In Robert Hillenbrand, et al. (Eds.), Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran: Art, Literature and Culture from Early Islam to Qajar Persia / Studies in Honor of Charles Melville (pp. 169-176). London-New York: Tauris.
  • Beševliev, V. (1980). Die protobulgarische Periode der bulgarischen Geschichte. Amsterdam: Hakkert.
  • Binbaş, E. (2005). Oghuz (Oġuz, Oğuz). In Encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages (A Supplement to Lexikon des Mittelalters–Online). Brepols.
  • Bosworth, C. E. (2011). The origins of the Seljuqs. In Christian, L. & Songül, M. (Eds.), The Seljuqs: Politics, Society and Culture (pp. 13-21). Edinburgh: Edinburgh Universty Press.
  • Bosworth, E. (2010). The steppe peoples in the Islamic world. In The New Cambridge History of Islam III (The Eastern Islamic World Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries) (pp. 21-77). Cambridge: Cambridge Universty Press.
  • Canard, M. (1958). La relation du voyage d‘Ibn Fadlân chez les Bulgares de la Volga. Annales de l’Institut d’Études Orientales de la Faculté des Lettres d’Alger, 16: 41-146.
  • Clauson, Sir G. (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Coakley, J. (2012). An ambiguous office? The position of head of state in the Irish Constitution. Irish Jurist, 48, 43-70.
  • Collcutt, M. (1982). Kings of Japan? The Political Authority of the Ashikaga Shoguns. Monumenta Nipponica, 37(4), 523–529.
  • Cribb, J. (2018). Kujula Kadphises and his title Kushan Yavuga. Sino-Platonic Papers 280.
  • Curta, F. (2019). Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300). Leiden-Boston: Brill.
  • Dahhān 1959 = Al-Dahhān, Sāmī (Ed). Risālat Ibn Faḍlān. Damascus: al-Jāmi‘al-‘Ilmī al-‘Arabī.
  • Dankoff, R. & Kelly, J. (1982). Mahmut el-Kāşгarī: Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīvān Luγāt at-Türk) I. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Dankoff, R. & Kelly, J. (1984). Mahmut el-Kāşгarī: Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīvān Luγāt at-Türk) II. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Dankoff, R. & Kelly, J. (1985). Mahmut el-Kāşгarī: Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīvān Luγāt at-Türk) III. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Dankoff, R. & Manaster-Ramer, A. (1982). Gerhard Doerfer and Semih Tezcan, Wörterbuch des Chaladsch. Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 74, 270‑280. (Review)
  • De Palma, D. (1991). L’interpretazione della sovranità giapponese da parte delle diplomazie occidentali nel xix secolo. Il Giappone, 31, 159-176.
  • Elias, N. (1895). The Tarikh-i-rashidi of Muhammad Haidar Dughlát: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. Tr. Ross, E. D. London: Sampson Low Marston.
  • Erdal, M. (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation, A Functional Approach to the Lexicon, Vol. I–II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Erdmann, F. von. (1841). Vollstaendige Uebersicht der aeltesten tuerkischen, tatarischen und mogholischen Voelkerstaemme nach Raschid-ud-din’s Vorgange bearbeitet. Kazan: Kazan Universitäts-Typographie.
  • Evetts, J. (2013). Professionalism: Value and ideology. Current Sociology, 61(5-6), 778–796.
  • Gedi̇kli̇, Y. (2021). Kül (ti̇gi̇n), kür ~ kûr ~ kör ~ kûz ~ küç ve kök ~ *kûk unvan ni̇teleyi̇ci̇leri̇ üzeri̇ne. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 251, 395-410.
  • Gibbon, E. 1776 [1907]. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire I-V. New York: De Fau.
  • Golb, N. & Pritsak, O. (1982). Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Golden, P. B. (1972). The migrations of the Oghuz. Archivum Ottomanicum, 4, 45-84.
  • Golden, P. B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
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There are 85 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Historical, Comparative and Typological Linguistics, Linguistics (Other), History of Central Asia
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Alexis Manaster-ramer 0009-0009-4174-1335

Early Pub Date September 5, 2023
Publication Date September 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Manaster-ramer, A. (2023). L’affaire d’un chargé? Ghuzz ‘deputy (of any ruler or chieftain)’ ≠ Qarluq/Uyγur Kül Erkin ‘epithet of a supreme ruler’. Journal of Old Turkic Studies, 7(2), 506-533. https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1352023