Utilization of Lignite and Waste Biomass As a Clean Energy Source by Carbonization

Abstract

Carbonization is the general name of the process of producing gas, liquid and solid products, especially from fossil fuels such as coal, by heating in an oxygen-free environment. Carbonization is one of the most important transformation processes to obtain high-quality solid (char), gas and liquid products. Fossil-based resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas are not suitable for long-term use, as they are both limited and harm the environment. Therefore, for energy continuity, it is necessary to benefit from renewable energy sources such as biomass along with fossil fuels. By burning the char obtained from the carbonization of coal and biomass, it is possible to reduce the contents such as SO2 and NOx that pollute the atmosphere. In this study, carbonization experiments of lignite and pistachio shell at different mixing ratios and temperatures was carried out. The higher heating values and C, H, N, S contents of the chars obtained from each experiment were determined. With the increasing temperature and biomass ratio, positive changes have been observed in the obtained clean fuel.

Keywords

• Lignite
• Biomass
• Carbonization
• Energy

References

1. [1] Aksoğan Korkmaz A, Utku T, Önal Y, Akmil Başar C. (2019). Linyit ve Antep fıstığı kabuğunun piroliz ürün verimleri üzerine karışım oranı ve sıcaklığın etkisinin araştırılması, III. Uluslararası Battalgazi Bilimsel Çalışmalar Kongresi, 21-23 Eylül, Malatya, Türkiye, 374-383.
2. [2] Baştançelik A, Öztürk H.H, Ekinci K, Kaya D, Karaca M, Karaca C. (2009a). Strategy development and determination of barriers for thermal energy and electricity generation from agricultural biomass in Turkey, Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 27: 277-294.
3. [3] Baştançelik A, Öztürk H.H, Ekinci K, Kaya D, Karaca M, Karaca C. (2009b). Assessment of the applicability of EU biomass technologies in Turkey, Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 27: 295-306. [4] Sözen E, Gündüz G, Aydemir D, Güngör E. (2017). Biyokütle kullanımının enerji, çevre, sağlık ve ekonomi açısından değerlendirilmesi, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1): 148-160.
4. [5] Quan C, Gao N. (2016). Copyrolysis of Biomass and Coal: A Review of Effects of Copyrolysis Parameters, Product Properties, and Synergistic Mechanisms, Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International, Special Issue, 1-11.
5. [6] Sonobe T, Worasuwannarak N, Pipatmanomai S. (2008). Synergies in Co-Pyrolysis of Thai Lignite and Corncob, Fuel Processing Technology, 89: 1371-1378.
6. [7] Blesa M.J, Miranda J.L, Moliner R, Izquierdo M.T, Palacios J.M. (2003). Low-Temperature Co-Pyrolysis of A Low-Rank Coal and Biomass to Prepare Smokeless Fuel Briquettes, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 70: 665-677.
7. [8] Jones J.M, Kubacki M, Kubica K, Ross A.B, Williams A. (2005). Devolatilization Characteristics of Coal and Biomass Blends, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 74: 502-511.
8. [9] Biagini E, Lippi F, Petarca L, Tognotti I. (2002). Devolatilization Rate of Biomasses and Coal-Biomass Blends: An Experimental Investigation, Fuel, 81: 1041-1050.

9. [10] Spliethoff H, Hein K.R.G. (1998). Effect of Co-Combustion of Biomass on Emissions in Pulverized Fuel Furnaces, Fuel Processing Technology, 54: 189-205.
10. [11] Haykırı-Açma,H, Yaman S. (2007). Synergy in Devolatilization Characteristics of Lignite and Hazelnut Shell During Co-Pyrolysis, Fuel, 86: 373-380.
11. [12] Haykırı-Açma H, Yaman S. (2010). Interaction Between Biomass and Different Rank Coals During Co-Pyrolysis, Renewable Energy, 35: 288-292.
12. [13] Yuan S, Dai Z, Zhou Z, Chen X, Yu G, Wang F. (2012). Rapid Co-Pyrolysis of Rice Straw and A Bituminous Coal in A High-Frequency Furnace and Gasification of the Residual Char, Bioresource Technology, 109: 188-197.
13. [14] Miao Z, Wu G, Li P, Meng X, Zheng Z. (2012). Investigation into Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics of Oil Shale and Coal, International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 22: 245-249.
14. [15] Zhao H, Sun T, Sun C, Song Q, Li Y, Wang X, Shu X. (2017). Effects of coal pretreatment on the products of co-pyrolysis of caking bituminous coal and corn stalk mixed in equal proportion, Applied Thermal Engineering, 125: 470-479.
15. [16] Naik D.V, Kumar R, Tripathi D, Singh R, Kanaujia P.K. (2016). Co-pyrolysis of Jatropha curcas seed cake and bituminous coal: product pattern analysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 121: 360-368.
16. [17] Meng H, Wang S, Chen L, Wu Z, Zhao J. (2016). Study on product distributions and char morphology during rapid co-pyrolysis of Platanus wood and lignite in a drop tube fixed-bed reactor. Bioresource Technology, 209: 273-281.
17. [18] Wang M, Tian J, Roberts D, Chang L, Xie K. (2015). Interactions between corncob and lignite during temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis, Fuel, 142: 102-108.
18. [19] Zhang J, Quan C, Qiu Y, Xu S. (2015). Effect of char on co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal in a free fall reactor, Fuel Processing Technology, 135: 73-79.
19. [20] Soncini R.M, Means N.C, Weiland N.T. (2013). Co-pyrolysis of low rank coals and biomass: product distributions, Fuel, 112: 74-82.
20. [21] Acevedo B, Barriocanal C, Alvarez R. (2013). Pyrolysis of blends of coal and tyre wastes in a fixed bed reactor and rotary oven, Fuel, 113: 817-825.
21. [22] Weiland N.T, Means N.C, Morreale B.D. (2012). Product distributions from isothermal co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass, Fuel, 94: 563-570.