Evde ve Huzurevlerinde Yaşayan Yaşlılar Arasında Düşme Korkusu, Düşme Riski, Düşme Davranışı ve Bakım Bağımlılığı Açısından Farklılıklar: Karşılaştırmalı-Tanımlayıcı Araştırma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma huzurevlerinde ve kendi evlerinde yaşayan yaşlılarda; düşme korkusu, düşme riski, düşme davranışı ve bakım bağımlılığını belirlemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma karşılaştırmalı-tanımlayıcı çalışmadır. Huzurevinde kalan (64) ve Aile Sağlığı Merkezi'ne kayıtlı (64) toplam 128 yaşlı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada; Tinetti Düşme Etkinlik Ölçeği, Ev İçi Güvenlik Koşulları Değerlendirme Formu, Yaşlılar için Düşme Davranışları Ölçeği ve Bakım Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından, yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ve ev ve huzurevi ziyaretleri yapılarak gözlem yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Evde yaşayan yaşlıların Tinetti Düşme Aktivite Ölçeği puanı, huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların puanından yüksek olduğu ancak aralarındaki farkın anlamlı olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Evde yaşayan yaşlıların düşme riski toplam puanları ve düşme davranışları ölçeği toplam puanları, huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlıların toplam puanlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Evde ve huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda bakım bağımlılığı ile düşme korkusu arasında pozitif yönde ve güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0.777, p=0.001). Araştırmada yaşlılarda bakım bağımlılığının %40'ının düşme korkusu ile açıklandığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda hemşirelerin özellikle evde yaşayan bireylerin düşme durumları ve risk faktörlerini değerlendirmeleri ve bunun sonucunda bakım bağımlılığını arttıran riskleri belirlemeleri ve düşmeleri azaltmaya yönelik planlar yapmaları önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Düşme riski
• düşme korkusu
• düşme davranışı
• bakım bağımlılığı
• yaşlı.

Differences in Fear of Falling, Risk of Falling, Behavior of Falling and Dependence on Care among Older People Living in Nursing Homes and Homes: Descriptive Comparative Research

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the fear of falling, the risk of falling, the behaviour of falling and the dependence on care in older people living in nursing homes and homes and to evaluate the relationship between them. Material and Method: The study was a comparative-descriptive design. It was conducted in Nursing Home (64) and Family Health Center (64) with 128 elderly individuals. In the study, Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale, The In-Home Safety Conditions Assessment Form for Falls, The Falls Behavioral Scale for Older People, The Care Dependency Scale were used. The data was collected by the researcher using the face-to-face interview technique and observation method by making home and nursing home visits. Results: The Tinetti Fall Activity Scale scores of the elderly living in the home were higher than the scale scores of the elderly living in the nursing home but the difference between them was not significant (p>0.05). The total falls risk scores and the falling behaviour scale scores of the older people living in the home were higher than the total falls risk scores of the older people living in the nursing home (p<0.05). For older people living at home and nursing home, a positive and strong relationship was found between care addiction and fear of falling (r=0.777, p=0.001). It was found in the study that 40% of care dependence in the elderly was explained by the fear of falling. Conclusion: It is recommended that nurses should evaluate the fall situations and risk factors of individuals living in their homes, and then, they should make plans to reduce risks and falls without increasing care dependency.

Keywords

• Risk of falling
• Fear of falling
• fall behaviour
• care dependency
• older people

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