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Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the biopesticidal potential of Mentha pulegium L. (pennyroyal) in controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms that cause significant losses in agricultural production. In this context, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts obtained from the plant were determined. In addition, their in vitro antimicrobial effects against selected plant pathogens were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: The dried aerial parts of M. pulegium were extracted with methanol and hexane. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the DPPH radical scavenging method, respectively. The phytochemical profile of the sample was characterized by GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disk diffusion method at three different concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/mL).
Findings: The total phenolic compound content of the methanol extract was measured as 1458 µg GAE/mL at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the same extract increased with concentration, reaching 86.31% at the highest concentration. GC-MS analysis identified a total of 50 compounds in the extracts; the prominent compounds included dihydrocarvyl acetate (9.66%), piperitone (4.84%), p-menthone (3.57%), limonene (3.43%), dihydrocarveol(3.34%), and menthol (3.18%). In antimicrobial tests, the methanol extract showed a significant effect on C. michiganensis (20±0.71 mm inhibition zone) and F. oxysporum (19±1.41 mm), while the hexane extract produced a lower inhibition under the same conditions. Both extracts showed similar levels of activity against Pestalotiopsis sp. (approximately 10–12 mm).
Conclusion: M. pulegium extracts have high phenolic content and strong antioxidant capacity. In particular, the fact that the methanol extract exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against both fungal and bacterial phytopathogens indicates the potential of the M. pulegium plant to be used as an environmentally friendly biopesticide.
Keywords
References
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- [6] Sawyer, C., Li, J., Zhang, Y., & Patel, R. (2024). Public health implications of pesticide residues in food: Risks of chronic exposure linked to cancer, endocrine disruption and neuro developmental effects. Global Journal of Public Health, 12(4), 102–114
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Botany (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
January 29, 2026
Submission Date
August 16, 2025
Acceptance Date
October 5, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 2 Number: 1
APA
Canpolat, Ş., Bozoğlu, E. F., Yürümez Canpolat, E., & İşlek, C. (2026). Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens. IYYU Journal of PhytoPharmacy, 2(1), 24-32. https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS
AMA
1.Canpolat Ş, Bozoğlu EF, Yürümez Canpolat E, İşlek C. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens. JPP. 2026;2(1):24-32. https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS
Chicago
Canpolat, Şükrü, Emine Ferhan Bozoğlu, Elif Yürümez Canpolat, and Cemil İşlek. 2026. “Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha Pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens”. IYYU Journal of PhytoPharmacy 2 (1): 24-32. https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS.
EndNote
Canpolat Ş, Bozoğlu EF, Yürümez Canpolat E, İşlek C (January 1, 2026) Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens. IYYU Journal of PhytoPharmacy 2 1 24–32.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Canpolat, E. F. Bozoğlu, E. Yürümez Canpolat, and C. İşlek, “Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens”, JPP, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24–32, Jan. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS
ISNAD
Canpolat, Şükrü - Bozoğlu, Emine Ferhan - Yürümez Canpolat, Elif - İşlek, Cemil. “Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha Pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens”. IYYU Journal of PhytoPharmacy 2/1 (January 1, 2026): 24-32. https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS.
JAMA
1.Canpolat Ş, Bozoğlu EF, Yürümez Canpolat E, İşlek C. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens. JPP. 2026;2:24–32.
MLA
Canpolat, Şükrü, et al. “Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha Pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens”. IYYU Journal of PhytoPharmacy, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 24-32, https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS.
Vancouver
1.Şükrü Canpolat, Emine Ferhan Bozoğlu, Elif Yürümez Canpolat, Cemil İşlek. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) Extracts Against Selected Plant Pathogens. JPP [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 1;2(1):24-32. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA94XA83AS