Eggshell membrane separation methods-waste to wealth-a scoping review

Abstract

Eggshell is the most abundant agricultural (hatchery) and industrial (confectionary) natural waste approximately reaching up to 50000 tons per year and is a threat to the environment and the public. Eggshell membrane and shell waste can be used for biomedical and industrial applications as value-added products. Hence, a scoping review was planned to understand the present scenario and knowledge gap; it also explored eggshell membrane separation methods available commercially for the routine utility to understand the knowledge gap. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases using Eggshell/Eggshells/Egg shell, Membrane, Separation/separator as keywords with and/or as Boolean operators within the field of title, abstract, keywords. The search was done from the period of inception (as per the database) till 4th October 2021 and a total of seven full-text articles were included in the review. The methods mentioned in the literature were Microwave treatment, Acid Dissolution, Dissolved Air Floatation, using proteolytic enzymes, and grinding followed by mechanical agitation. This research concludes that no equipment is commercially available. Hence there is a need for technology development as the majority of publications mentioned manual peeling, Microwave treatment, acid dissolution, dissolved air floatation, grinding, and mechanical stirring as the methods at laboratory scale.

Keywords

• Microwave treatment
• Acid dissolution
• Dissolved air floatation
• Grinding
• Mechanical stirring

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