Broyler Rasyonlarına Mannan Oligosakkarit ve Kitosan Oligosakkarit İlavesinin Performans ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırma, broyler rasyonlarına mannan oligosakkarit (MOS) ve kitosan oligosakkarit (KOS) ilavesinin performans ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede toplam 120 adet erkek broyler civciv kullanılmıştır. Her bir denemede, 10 civcivden oluşan 4 tekrarlı grup kullanılmıştır. Deneme 6 hafta sürmüştür. Deneme rasyonları, kontrol grubu (basal rasyon); MOS grubu (basal rasyon + 100 ppm Mannan oligosakkarit) ve KOS grubunu (basal rasyon +100 ppm Kitosan oligosakkarit) içermektedir. Araştırma sonunda, rasyona MOS ve KOS ilavesinin canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, karkas randımanı ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine istatistiksel olarak etkisi gözlenmemiştir. MOS ve KOS ilave edilen grup, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, serum Cu seviyesi önemli bir şekilde artmıştır. Sonuç olarak rasyona MOS ve KOS ilavesi broylerlerde sadece serum Cu düzeyinde gelişmeye sebep olmuştur.

Keywords

• Broyler,Kitosanoligosakkarit,Mannanoligosakkarit,Performans,Prebiyotik

The Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Performance and Blood Parameters of Broilers

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance and blood parameters in broilers.  A total of one day old 120 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were utilized in this study. Chickens were fed a period of 42 days with experimental diets. Each dietary treatment was assigned to four replicates of 10 birds. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (control group); the MOS group (basal diet + 100 ppm Mannan oligosaccharide); and the COS group (basal diet+ 100 ppm Chitosan oligosaccharide). Total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and plasma Cu and Zn levels were analyzed. At the end of the experiment, mean body weights (BW) were measured 2340.45, 2458.11, and 2325.38 g, respectively. Chicks fed with MOS group had a 5.03% higher BW than the control group. Dietary addition of MOS and COS had no significant effects in body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, and some blood parameters. Serum Cu level was significantly increased by dietary supplementation of MOS and COS compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MOS and COS led to improved serum Cu level in broiler.

Keywords

• Broiler,Prebiotic,Performance,Mannan oligosaccharide,Chitosan oligosaccharide

References

1. 1. Afrouziyeh, M., Hanifian, S.H., Taghinejad, M., 2014. Effects of mannan oligosaccharides on ileal digestibility of nutrients and microbial populations in the ceca of broiler chickens. Int. J. Biosci. 5: 373-380.
2. 2. AOAC., 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 17th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
3. 3. Baurhoo, B., Ferket, P.R., Zhao, X., 2009. Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannan oligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers. Poultry Sci. 88: 2262-2272.
4. 4. Benites, V., Gilharrya, R., Gernatjg Murillo, G., 2008. Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide from bio-mos or SAF-mannan on body performance of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 17: 471-475.
5. 5. Bilal T. and Keser O., 2009. The use of chitosan oligosaccharide in animal nutrition I-The effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on immune system and performance. Lalahan Hayv. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 49: 137-147.
6. 6. Bozkurt, K., Küçükyilmaz, K., Çatli, A.U., Çinar, M., 2008. Growth performance and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens fed with antibiotic, mannan oligosaccharide and dextran oligosaccharide supplemented diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7: 969-977.
7. 7. Ceylan, N., Çiftçi, İ., İlhan, Z., 2003. The effects of some alternative feed additives for antibiotic growth promoters on the performance and gut microflora of broiler chicks. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 27: 727-733.
8. 8. Choct, M., 2001. Alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in monogastric animal industry. ASA Techn. Bull. 30: 1-6.

9. 9. Corrigan, A., Horgan, K., Clipson, N., Murphy, RA., 2011. Effect of dietary supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan oligosaccharide on the bacterial community structure of broiler cecal contents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77: 6653–6662.
10. 10. Demir, A. and Seventekin, N., 2009. Chitin, chitosan and general application areas. Electron. J. Textile. Techn. 3: 92-103.
11. 11. Eseceli, H., Demir, E., Değirmencioğlu, N., Bilgiç, M., 2010. The effects of bio-mos mannan oligosaccharide and antibiotic growth promoter performance of broilers. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9: 392-395.
12. 12. Ferket, P.R., Parks, C.W., Grimes, J.L. 2002. Benefits of dietary antibiotic and mannanoligosaccharide supplementation for poultry. In: Multi State Poultry Meeting Indianapolis, Indiana.
13. 13. Ghosh, H.K., Halder, G., Samanta, G., Koley, S. 2008. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acid and mannan oligosaccharide on the plasma minerals and carcass traits of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Res. J. Vet. Sci. 1: 44-49.
14. 14. Gibson, G.R. and Roberfroid, M.B. 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr.125: 1401.
15. 15. Hayashi, K. and Ito, M. 2002. Antidiabetic action of low molecular weight chitosan in genetically obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25: 188-192.
16. 16. Huang, R.L., Yin, Y.L., Wu, G.Y., Zhang, Y.G., Li, T.J., Li, L.L., Li, M.X., Tang, Z.R., Zhang, J., Wang, B., He, J.H., Nie, X.Z. 2005. Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers. Poultry Sci. 84: 1383-1388.
17. 17. Jeon, Y.J., Shahidi, F., Kim, S.K. 2000. Preparation of chitin and chitosan oligomers and their applications in physiological functional foods. Food Rev. Int. 61: 159-176.
18. 18. Kannan, M., Karunakaran, R., Balakrishnan, V., Prabhakar, T.G. 2005. Influence of prebiotics supplementation on lipid profile of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4: 994-997.
19. 19. Keser, O., Bilal, T., Kutay, H.C., Abas, I., Eseceli, H. 2012. Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide and/or beta-glucan supplementation to diets containing organic zinc on performance and some blood indices in broilers. Pak. Vet. J. 32: 15-19.
20. 20. Khambualai, O., Yamauchi, K., Tangtaweewipat, S., Cheva-Isarakul, B. 2009. Growth performance and intestinal histology in broilers chickens fed with dietary chitosan. Brit. Poultry. Sci. 50: 592-597.
21. 21. Kim, S.K. and Rajapakse, N. 2005. Enzymatic production and biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS): A review. Carbohyr. Polym. 62: 357-368.
22. 22. Li, X.J., Piao, X.S., Kim, S.W., Liu, P., Wang, L., Shen, Y.B., Jung, S.C., Lee, H.S. 2007. Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and serum composition in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 86: 1107-1114.
23. 23. Mohamed, M.A., Hassan, H.M.A., El-Barkouky, E.M.A. 2008. Effect of mannan oligosaccharide on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 4: 13-17.
24. 24. Parks, C.W., Grimes, J.L., Ferket, P.R., Fairchild, A.S. 2000. The case for mannanoligosaccharides in poultry diets. An alternative to growth promotant antibiotics? Proceedings of Alltech’s Sixteenth Annual Symposium. Nottingham University Press. pp. 45-60.
25. 25. Roberfroid, M.B. 2000. Prebiotics and Probiotics: Are they functional foods? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: 1682-1687.
26. 26. Shi, B.L., Li, D.F., Piao, X.S., Yan, S.M. 2005. Effects of chitosan on growth performance and energy and protein utilization in broiler chickens. Brit. Poultry Sci. 46: 516-519.
27. 27. Stanley, V.G., Park, Y.M., Grayland, C., Krueger, W.F. 1997. Effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on aflatoxicosis, serum liver, egg cholesterol and egg production in chickens. In: International Symposium on Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides. (R. Hartemink, Ed.): Healthy Food for the Colon. Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 49.
28. 28. Sohail, M.U., Rahman, Z.U., Ijaz, A., Yousaf, M.S., Ashraf, K., Yaqup, T., Zanep, H., Anwar, H., Rehman, H. 2011. Single or combined effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic supplements on the total oxidants, total antioxidants, enzymatic antioxidants, body enzymes and serum trace minerals in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Poultry Sci. 90: 2573-2577.
29. 29. Taherpour, K., Moravej, H., Shivazad, M., Adibmoradi, M., Yakhchali, B. 2009. Effects of dietary probiotic, prebiotic and butyric acid glycerides on performance and serum composition in broiler chickens. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8: 2329-2334.
30. 30. Tiftik AM. 1996. Klinik Biyokimya. Mimoza A.Ş., Konya.
31. 31. Tufan, T. and Arslan, C. 2012. Effects of chitosanoligosaccharide supplementation to broiler ratio on fatty acid composition of breast meat, blood parameters and nutrient digestibility. MSc, Kafkas Üniv Sağlık Bil Enst, Kars, Turkey, 2012.
32. 32. Tufan, T., Arslan, C., Durna, Ö., Önk, K., Sarı, M., Erman, H. 2015. Effects of chito-oligosaccharides and L-carnitine supplementation in diets for Japanese quails on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 67: 283-289.
33. 33. TSE. 1991. Hayvan Yemleri Metabolik Enerji Tayini (Kimyasal Metod). TSE 9610, Bakanlıklar, Ankara.
34. 34. Vishu Kumar, A.B., Varadaraj, M.C., Gowda, L.R., Tharanathan, R.N. 2005. Characterization of chito-oligosaccharides prepared by chitosanolysis with the aid of papain and pronase, and their bactericidal action against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 15: 167-75.
35. 35. Waldroup, P.W., Edgar, O., Oviedo-Rondon, C.A., Fritts, C.A. 2003. Comparison of Bio-Mos and antibiotic feeding programs in broiler diets containing copper sulfate. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2: 28-31.
36. 36. Yalcinkaya, İ., Gungor, T., Basalan, M., Erdem, E. 2008. Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: Effects on performance and blood biochemistry. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32: 43-48.
37. 37. Yalçınkaya, İ., Güngör, T., Basalan, M. 2008a. Effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) from saccharomyces cerevisiae on some internal, gastrointestinal and carcass parameters in broilers. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7: 789-792.
38. 38. Yalcinkaya, İ., Çinar, M., Yildirim, E., Erat, S., Başalan, M., Güngör, T. 2012. The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters. Ital. J. Anim. Sci, 11: 298-302.
39. 39. Yildiz, G., Köksal, B.H., Sizmaz, Ö. 2011. Effects of dietary boric acid and ascorbic acid supplementation on performance, some blood and bone parameters in broilers. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 17: 429-434.
40. 40. Zhou, T.X., Chen, Y.J., Yoo, J.S., Huang, Y., Lee, J.H., Jang, H.D., Shin, S.O., Kim, H.J., Cho, J.H., Kim, I.H. 2009. Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 88: 593-600.