The Effect of Fluoride Toxication on Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum of Broilers

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of fluoride toxication on the contraction and histopathological changes of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of broiler chicken. A total of 80 Ross 308 one-day-old male chicks assigned to 2 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 10 birds per replicated. 1st group was control group and the second group was a fluoride toxicated group, which was given 800 mg / kg flouride with the diet. Between 42 and 49 days of the study, randomly 3 chickens were chosen from each replicate group. Therefore totally 24 chickens were used to determine the contractile activity and examine the histopathological changes in the intestine. The broilers were decapitated and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum preparations were isolated, and mounted under 1 g of basal tension at isolated organ bath. The acetylcholine contractions were examined. There were no significant difference in the contraction of jejunum and ileum preparations, but the duodenum contractions were significantly decreased in fluoride given group as compared to control group, and in fluoride given group 7 of 13 duodenal samples showed no response to ACh. Microscopically; duodenal villus height / villus width ratio was 3.88 in fluoride group, while 6.84 in the control group. This significant ratio difference showed that fluoride could have a toxic effect caused by the villi thickness with severe mononuclear cell infiltration, hyperplasia of the lymphoid follicles and mild haemorrhagia in lamina propria. However there were no histopathological changes in jejunum and ileum between fluoride and control groups. These histopathological results were supported by the pharmacological findings. It is concluded that fluoride toxication affected the duodenal contractions and caused histopathological changes on the normal villus structure of duodenum in the broiler chicken.

Keywords

• Fluoride toxication,small intestine,acetylcholine,histopathological change

Broylerlerde Florür Toksikasyonunun Duodenum, Jejunum ve Ileum üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, broylerlerde duodenum, jejunum, ileumun kasılmaları ve histopatolojik değişiklikleri üzerine flor toksisitesinin etkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırmada kontrol ve deney grubu olmak üzere 1 günlük, 80 adet erkek Ross 308 erkek civciv kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grupları,  canlı ağırlıkları eşit ve her birinde 10 adet hayvan olacak şekilde 4 tekrarlı 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. İlk grup kontrol grubu, ikinci grup ise rasyonlarına 800 mg/kg dozda flor katılarak toksikasyon oluşturulan fluoride verilen gruptur.  Çalışmanın 42 ile 49. günleri arası her bir tekrar grubundan rastgele 3 adet tavuk seçilmiştir. Sonuç olarak deneyde toplam 24 adet broyler, bağırsak kasılma aktivitesini ve histopatolojik değişiklikleri belirlemek için dekapite edilmiştir. Ardından duodenum, jejunum, ileum dokuları izole edilip, izole organ banyosunda 1 g ön gerim ile asılarak, asetilkolin (Ach) kasılmaları incelenmiştir. Jejunum ve ileum preparasyonlarının kasılmasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak kontrol grubuna göre duodenum kontraksiyonları flor verilen grupta anlamlı olarak azalmıştır ve flor verilen grupta 13 duodenal örneğinden 7'si ACh'ye yanıt göstermemiştir.  Mikroskobik incelemede; duodenal villus yüksekliği / villus genişlik oranı flor grubunda 3.88 iken kontrol grubunda bu oran 6.84 dir. Bu anlamlı oran farkı, florid toksik etkisinin, ciddi mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu ile villi kalınlaşmasına, lenfoid foliküllerin hiperplazisi ve lamina propriada hafif hemorajiye neden olabileceğini göstermiştir. Ancak, flor ve kontrol grupları arasında jejunum ve ileumda histopatolojik değişiklik olmamıştır. Bu histopatolojik sonuçlar farmakolojik bulguları desteklemektedir. Florür toksisitesinin broylerlerde duodenal kasılmaları etkilediği ve duodenumun normal villus yapısında histopatolojik değişikliklere neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. 

Keywords

• Flor toksikasyonu,ince bağırsak,asetilkolin

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